List of Articles G20

• Open Access Article
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  1 - International Institutions; Mathematica Modeling of Change from G5 to G20
  Ali Akbar Kiani
  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processe More

  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processes. Hence, the proliferation of qualitative takes relying on personal analysis. Given the importance of cooperation groups in global governance, this article asks what is the degree of change in the process of expansion of G5 into G20? Utilising quantitative and mathematical methods, the study offers an equation based on data provided by the World Back. The equation proves a model to analyse track-records, which seemingly suggests highest performance by G7 and lowest for G8 Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
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  2 - Economic Diplomacy and Islamic Republic of Iran’s Accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO)
  Sayed Mohammad Mousavi dehmourdi Vahid Bozorgi
  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processe More

  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processes. Hence, the proliferation of qualitative takes relying on personal analysis. Given the importance of cooperation groups in global governance, this article asks what is the degree of change in the process of expansion of G5 into G20? Utilising quantitative and mathematical methods, the study offers an equation based on data provided by the World Back. The equation proves a model to analyse track-records, which seemingly suggests highest performance by G7 and lowest for G8 Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - International Institutions; Mathematica Modeling of Change from G5 to G20
  Ali Akbar Kiani
  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processe More

  International Institutions, though one of key global actors and topics of International Studies, are rarely studied by focusing on the internal processes of change. A justification for lack of research could be the challenges in quantifying internal changes and processes. Hence, the proliferation of qualitative takes relying on personal analysis. Given the importance of cooperation groups in global governance, this article asks what is the degree of change in the process of expansion of G5 into G20? Utilising quantitative and mathematical methods, the study offers an equation based on data provided by the World Back. The equation proves a model to analyse track-records, which seemingly suggests highest performance by G7 and lowest for G8. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - Identifying and prioritizing the challenges of export insurance and guarantee system
  باقر  ادبی فیروزجائی
  Bagher Adabi Firouzjaee Abstract One of the governments' policy for export development is to cover political and commercial risks through the issuance of export insurance and guarantees products by export credit Agencies (ECA). In Iran, this plan is done by The More

  Bagher Adabi Firouzjaee Abstract One of the governments' policy for export development is to cover political and commercial risks through the issuance of export insurance and guarantees products by export credit Agencies (ECA). In Iran, this plan is done by The Export Guarantee Fund of Iran (EGFI). The evidence indicates that the value of export insurance and guarantees product and also the number of exporters benefiting from them are low. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the challenges of export insurance and guarantee products in the country based on the SBC approach. In addition, this study has been carried out by analytical-descriptive-survey method. In this approach after surveying of theoretical and experimental studies and obtaining the opinions of experts, the main challenges of exporters in using of export insurance and guarantee services are collected in the form of a questionnaire (including 34 component). After confirming its validity and reliability, the questionnaire was distributed among the selected exporters (current and former customers of the EGFI) and analyzed by SPSS software. The results of the questionnaire analysis indicate that, the exporters are faced with three types of challenges including content factors (such as the lack of exchange rate coverage, high risk of export destination countries, Obligatory credits of government and low capital adequacy of the fund), behavioral factors (restriction in foreign guarantees issuance, weak financial brokerage relations of the fund with foreign financial institution, lack of preferential insurance premiums, shortage of diversity of insurance instruments and weakness of electronic infrastructure) and structural factors (collateral problems, lack of policy coordination between the guarantee fund and Export Development Bank, lack of a comprehensive online risk map and Absence of export insurance and guarantee program for SME industries). Finally, some policy implication are presented in based on the three categories of factors mentioned. Manuscript profile