List of Articles Canal

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  1 - Studying and recognizing the structural system and the formation pattern of Khan Garden of Shushtar; A distinct type of Iranian gardening
  Mohammad Ebrahim Mazhary Amin Maghsoudi Fatemeh Poodat
  Gardening tradition in the geographical area of Iran has included valuable types of gardens such as fruit garden, river garden, organic garden etc over past centuries. However, despite having unique features, because of the lack of compliance to the prevalent pattern of More

  Gardening tradition in the geographical area of Iran has included valuable types of gardens such as fruit garden, river garden, organic garden etc over past centuries. However, despite having unique features, because of the lack of compliance to the prevalent pattern of the Iranian Garden, these gardens have been relatively less studied and recognized. Khan garden in Shushtar, adjacent to the historic water canal of Gargar, is a remarkable example of such types of Iranian gardening since its unique context contains considerable features of gardening that are very unusual among other types of Iranian gardens. Accordingly, this research will try to study and recognize constructive components and elements of Khan garden through a qualitative approach and using the descriptive-analytical research method. In order to recognize and document information related to Khan garden like natural, historical and morphological data, the research applies the cataloguing technique. The required data are primarily collected through biblio sources such as historical accounts, archival documents, maps, aerial images. Also, field survey and oral interviews in the process of data collecting are employed. Based on research findings, the Khan garden should be perceived as a river garden and structurally could be classified as a uni-axial garden. However, since the specific context of the garden’s position, that axe has been placed on an indirect extension that affects constructive systems of the garden and provides an irregular and organic structure for that. Furthermore, according to other findings, agricultural activities, cultural influences of Qajar time, and surrounding characteristics have been the most significant factors in shaping the structural pattern of the Khan garden. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Review of Water Conveyance and Distribution Efficiency in Irrigation Networks in Iran and its Estimation Methods
  zeynab sojoodi Seyyed Mehdi Hashemy Shahedany
  Irrigation networks are responsible for the distribution and delivery of agricultural water, so improving their performance reduces losses and increases the efficiency of water distribution, and thus leads to improved water efficiency. Investigating the operation of irr More

  Irrigation networks are responsible for the distribution and delivery of agricultural water, so improving their performance reduces losses and increases the efficiency of water distribution, and thus leads to improved water efficiency. Investigating the operation of irrigation networks is essential for planning and improving irrigation networks and systems. The first purpose of the assessment is to determine the amount of losses that occur in the process of distribution and delivery of agricultural water in the network of irrigation canals. Losses in agricultural water conveyance and distribution systems occur for two main reasons: leakage and improper performance of canal structures that cause operating losses. Various factors such as weed growth in canals, accumulation of sediment in canals, accumulation of garbage in canals, cracking of canal cover, crushing or moving of concrete parts in canals, destruction due to poor quality of materials and lack of sufficient knowledge of total operation and the wisdom of the country's water decision-makers is increasing losses in agricultural distribution and delivery systems. Factors influencing the operation of networks include regular annual maintenance process and the operation of network operators to timely and correctly adjust the catchment structures to prevent unstable hydraulic conditions in the main and secondary channels, which can be invested in training operators and teams. Management and operation in irrigation networks significantly reduced the volume of operation losses. In this study, the results of studies on the determination of conveyance and distribution efficiencies in irrigation networks have been reviewed and summarized. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Management of birth canal injuries in dairy cows
  Bahare Hafezi mohammad ali sadeghi Ahmadreza  Mohammadnia
  Injuries of the birth canal in cows (perineal lacerations, fistula…) cause significant economic loss in dairy herds. These injuries usually are associated with obstetric trauma during labor. Third degree perineal lacerations and fistula formation usually happen because More

  Injuries of the birth canal in cows (perineal lacerations, fistula…) cause significant economic loss in dairy herds. These injuries usually are associated with obstetric trauma during labor. Third degree perineal lacerations and fistula formation usually happen because of dystocia, improper repairs, abscesses and forced extractions and lead to fecal contamination of the birth canal and reduced fertility. The main reason for the birth canal and external part of the reproductive tract surgery is to restore fertility of the animal and repair the injuries associated with dystocia. In this review the causes, management, and treatment of these disorders by emphasizing on the importance of birth canal injuries in cows were discussed. Manuscript profile