List of Articles Bone

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  1 - Effect of 8-week simultaneous metabolic resistance training and Chlorogenic acid supplement on the expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7: A randomized open label clinical trial
  Maryam Takhty Farshad  Ghazalian Shahram   Soheili khosrow   Ebrahim
  Background: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resis More

  Background: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Materials and Methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Abstract Background and Objective: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Material and methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Manuscript profile
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  2 - a review on on Juvenile Orthopedic disease in dogs and cats
  Aref Ghashghaee Amin Bigham-Sadegh
  Orthopedic diseases of young animals affect the musculoskeletal system of juveniles, and most of these diseases can be traced to pathological processes (such as diseases, toxins, improper nutrition, trauma) during this period. These diseases related to bones and joints More

  Orthopedic diseases of young animals affect the musculoskeletal system of juveniles, and most of these diseases can be traced to pathological processes (such as diseases, toxins, improper nutrition, trauma) during this period. These diseases related to bones and joints begin and develop during skeletal development after birth, in the first 26 weeks of life. This group of pathological conditions of young dogs and cats, including congenital and neonatal orthopedic diseases, includes diseases that occur in the prenatal period or in the first 3 to 4 weeks of life. During the growth period, the morphology of the joints develops, the bones also mature and reach their length and shape in an adult animal. Orthopedic diseases of young animals are deviations of these regular processes. These diseases are a common problem in dogs and cats, can be painful and are not easily noticeable. These diseases can affect the bones, cartilage and joints of young animals and cause lameness, stiffness and difficulty moving. Early diagnosis and treatment are very important for successful outcome in these diseases. Veterinary clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of these diseases, including lameness, joint pain, swelling, and difficulty moving. Diagnostic tests such as radiography and blood tests can help make the diagnosis. According to the type of disease, the treatment options are different and can include drugs, surgery or other interventions and may even be incurable. Prevention is also important in reducing the risk of orthopedic diseases in young dogs and cats, by preventing the mating and sterilization of animals with genetic disorders, it is possible to prevent the next generation from getting genetic diseases. Nutrition, exercise and weight management can also contribute to healthy bone and body growth in young animals. Veterinary course checkups can also help identify potential problems at the right time and prompt interventions and treatment. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Internal Fixation Methods of Bone Fractures in Small Animals
  Arian Pouramin Seifollah  Dehghani
  Bone fractures in dogs and cats are usually see and we concern with those in the clinic. Usually, fractures occur after a traumatic accident such as being hit by a car or falling from a height, some fractures occur following pathological bone weakening, which is seen wi More

  Bone fractures in dogs and cats are usually see and we concern with those in the clinic. Usually, fractures occur after a traumatic accident such as being hit by a car or falling from a height, some fractures occur following pathological bone weakening, which is seen with some neoplastic conditions such as osteosarcoma. The main goals of fracture stabilization; Immobilization of broken parts, quick repair of the damaged bone, return of primary mobility, full function and stability to weight bearing of the bruise limb. All internal and external fixation methods that allow significant intersegmental motion under weight bearing are considered flexible fixation. The best important point in the stabilization of fractures is that a possibility of repair, that is, the blood supply to the place is maintained and the fixation is not so tight that it leads to a delay in bone fusion. Open fixation and internal fixation have been used to restore bone anatomy and original mobility and to overcome the limitations encountered when treating fractures with skeletal traction or cast immobilization. The main goal of internal fixation is to achieve rapid and, if possible, full function of the affected limb with rapid rehabilitation of the patient. The selection of the internal fixation method is based on the classification of the fracture, break bone, synchronize injuries, open fracture, and of course the forces that are neutralized by the fixation method. Internal stabilization implants are made of stainless steel and include; There are intramedullary pins, orthopedic wire, plates and screws. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The healing process of bone lesions and fractures, effective treatment methods
  Haniyeh yabandeh jahromi Abodol hamid Meymandi Parizi Alireza Shaikhzadeh
  Fracture repair involves proliferation and differentiation of multiple tissue types in a sequence followed by regeneration. All of these processes may be affected by medications. Some drugs can affect the proliferation of primary callus tissue, others can affect the dif More

  Fracture repair involves proliferation and differentiation of multiple tissue types in a sequence followed by regeneration. All of these processes may be affected by medications. Some drugs can affect the proliferation of primary callus tissue, others can affect the differentiation of chondrocytes or osteoblasts, formation of capillaries, sensitivity to mechanical input, etc. Therefore, the subject of drugs and fracture repair not only includes pharmacology and orthopedics, but also includes a wide scope. Repair steps after bone damage include: stage 1: (swelling stage), stage 2: (primary bone repair): over the next 4 to 21 days, a callus is formed around the broken bone. In this stage, a substance called collagen gradually replaces the blood clot. Step 3: (secondary bone repair) approximately two weeks after the fracture, cells called osteoblasts start working. These cells cause new bone to fuse and provide minerals needed for bone strength. Step 4: (reconstruction step): in this stage, cells called osteoclasts make the needed changes and adjustments. These cells break down any extra bone that is formed during this healing phase to return the bone shape to its normal status. In current veterinary and also human orthopedics, bone grafts are used for stimulation of fractures healing, accelerate joint fusion and repair of bone defects. Native grafted bone in addition to healing stimulator substances, contains cells that do not stimulate immune reactions and do not transmit infectious diseases. Currently, due to the problems of autologous bone grafting, the desire to use non-autologous bone grafts such as allograft and xenograft has increased. Kinetic hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and their both combination are among the common materials for bone grafting. Hydroxyapatite works as a scaffold for the growth of bone-forming cells; tarantula cubensis is an extract that is widely used in the treatment of tumors, smallpox, septicemia and toxemic diseases. Also, other materials that are used as substitutes, after being implanted at the site of bone lesions, induce the differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells present at the site of the lesion into chondrocytes or immature bone cells, and finally, the defects are successfully repaired. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Investigating the properties and application of various types of adhesives used in the body
  Hamidreza Haydari marziyeh hosseini
  Nowadays, in order to treat and repair bone fractures, metal screws and plates are used; But normally, this method will cause problems in surgeries and bone fractures, including skull and vertebral column fractures, which for example can include things such as long oper More

  Nowadays, in order to treat and repair bone fractures, metal screws and plates are used; But normally, this method will cause problems in surgeries and bone fractures, including skull and vertebral column fractures, which for example can include things such as long operation time which increases the surgery time, the possibility of damage to the bone tissues around the fracture, difficulty and failure. He pointed out the plates. Therefore, researchers and orthopedic surgeons are looking for a suitable alternative to this method. The use of bone glues is one of the new technologies in this direction that has been proposed to solve such problems. These adhesives must have characteristics such as acceptable adhesion of proteins, tissues and bone, especially in the presence of fat around the bone and stability of adhesion in these environments, and over time, have high mechanical strength against tensile, shear and compressive stresses. Also, having characteristics such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, appropriate biodegradability, quick and easy application, and good fracture stabilization are required for these adhesives. In this article, some of these bio-adhesives, how to prepare and use them are discussed. Nowadays, in order to treat and repair bone fractures, metal screws and plates are used; But normally, this method will cause problems in surgeries and bone fractures, including skull and vertebral column fractures, which for example can include things such as long operation time which increases the surgery time, the possibility of damage to the bone tissues around the fracture, difficulty and failure. Manuscript profile