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        1 - Analysis of The elements of story the novel of "The Burnt Earth" by Ahmad Mahmoud
        Ali Azizi ziba qalavandi seydhamzeh abedi
        Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the contemporary novelists that according the geographical location of his life who has touched the war and its events closely. He strives to highlight the problems of the war-torn people. The theme of this novel is clarifying the difficulties th More
        Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the contemporary novelists that according the geographical location of his life who has touched the war and its events closely. He strives to highlight the problems of the war-torn people. The theme of this novel is clarifying the difficulties that have happened to the war-torn people. This library research has tried to analysis the elements of the story the "burnt earth" novel by Ahmad Mahmoud. View Angle is the first singular person that is expressed in the language of the main character. This novel is dealt with the story of the early months of the war and the events that took place in Ahwaz. Characters are less important than incidents and events and are marginized in this novel. The dialogues in this novel are suited to the social classes of people. The tone is serious and free from any jokes. The setting of the novel is also accompanied by fear and intimidation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Local color criticism of the novel The Fig Tree of Temples
        Khadijeh Bahrami Rahnama
        Local color criticism is one of the important approaches in literary criticism that examines the specific climate of a region and its influence on cultural, economic, political, geographical, etc components. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of those writers who has paid special at More
        Local color criticism is one of the important approaches in literary criticism that examines the specific climate of a region and its influence on cultural, economic, political, geographical, etc components. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of those writers who has paid special attention to the climate of the south, and elements of climate criticism can be found in his works, including the fig tree of the temples. Therefore, the present essay has investigated the issue of local and environmental elements in the novel The Fig Tree of Temples with a descriptive and analytical method. The results of the research show that geographical and regional coordinates have an effect on the formation of the type of clothing, architecture, occupations and political developments, and also, the author has reflected extensively on native and local elements, idioms and proverbs in this novel. Local color elements and nature have caused the formation of many popular beliefs, including tying to trees, lighting candles, making sacrifices for trees, etc. The author of the novel has reflected the hot and humid weather and low rainfall in Khuzestan by using Local color imagery, and the nature and climate of the south has become the basis for the conflict between two traditional and modern societies. Ahmad Mahmoud has placed the arrival of foreigners and oil smugglers as a useful tool for people's awakening in this novel. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The study of Trauma Caused by War in the Novel "Zamin-e Soukhteh"
        Asad Abshirini Ghodrat Ghasemipour Zahra Sawaedi
        Trauma is a theory in psychology referring to any psychological pressure which the human mind is unable to accept and analyze it. The wounds inflicted on a person's mind would leave a deep impact on him and may lead his life and destiny to a different direction. There a More
        Trauma is a theory in psychology referring to any psychological pressure which the human mind is unable to accept and analyze it. The wounds inflicted on a person's mind would leave a deep impact on him and may lead his life and destiny to a different direction. There are different factors can cause trauma. One of them is war events which has an enduring effect on human's psyche. Therefore, due to the numerous wars that have plagued our country throughout the history, especially the eight-year imposed war, the literary narrative of trauma has found its way into the works of some Iranian writers.The present research was conducted in an analytical-descriptive way and it aims to investigate the literary expressions of this psychological damage in the novel "Zamin Soukhteh" by Ahmad Mahmoud and analyze the damage caused to the psyche of each of the characters. In this regard, first, we have discussed the theoretical issues about trauma, then we have analyzed and examined its effect on the characters of the mentioned novel. At the end, it was concluded that the reaction of each character is different from the other; In this way, due to the psychological wounds inflicted on them, the "Shahed" character is hospitalized in a mental asylum; "Nene Baran" distances herself from his previous personality; "Narges" falls into acute depression and "Golabetoon" completely loses his emotions. Obviously, in addition to the important fictional works in praise of the heroes who appeared in the holy defense, this novel can also be worth studying from the perspective of theoretical framework. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Examining urban ethics and behavior in Ahmad Mahmoud's fictional works
        مریم  اخباری آرش  مشفقی Hossein  Dadashi
        Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the prolific and capable writers of the southern part of the country. Most of his stories are around the southern cities of the country. He is a realistic writer and this has caused him to pay a lot of attention to his surroundings. The main purp More
        Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the prolific and capable writers of the southern part of the country. Most of his stories are around the southern cities of the country. He is a realistic writer and this has caused him to pay a lot of attention to his surroundings. The main purpose of this research is to investigate urban ethics and behavior in Ahmed Mahmoud's fictional works. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the research indicate that Mohammad Mahoud has paid attention to the language and dialect of the South in various ways in his works. He is very diligent in describing the city and the possibility of the southern region, neighborhoods, streets, etc., and despite preserving the original identity of these places, he also tries to remember their southern names. But the main use of language and dialect in Mahmoud's stories is related to the common words of this region. Also, in his stories, he tries to tell all kinds of behavior and food ethics, fish and even the names of palm trees that are common in the south. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Analysis of the character of Khaled, the protagonist of the novel Neighbours, the Story of a City and the Burnt Earth by Ahmad Mahmoud from the sociological perspective of George Lukács
        Fariborz  Jafari Ahmadi Faramarz Shirinbayan Mohammad Saleh  Amiri
        <p>The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Luk&aacute;cs, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of l More
        <p>The purpose of sociology of literature is to express the links between society and literature and also to reveal how social realities are reflected in literary works, especially in novels. Luk&aacute;cs, as one of the greatest theorists in the field of sociology of literature, tried to show the mutual influence between social structures and literary structures. He considers the novel to be a reflection of the social life of the author's era and also a product of his particular worldview. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the realist story writers, whose main focus is to express the type of social life of the people of his time, and this issue can be seen in his works. Therefore, the three novels Neighbors, The Story of a City and Burnt Earth can be analyzed based on the sociological theory of George Luk&aacute;cs and the following hypotheses can be put forward: 1- Social novels can be used to reform and improve structures. and cultural-social attitudes are effective. 2- Contemporary novels can not only be a mirror of the whole society with their realistic view, but they can also influence the society from a cultural-social and even political point of view. to be influential and cause intellectual changes in their readers. 3- According to the sociological theories of George Luk&aacute;cs, the sociological analysis of these three novels can be a guide to identify his worldview.</p> Manuscript profile