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Open Access Article

1 - Studying the Spatial Distribution Pattern using Distance and Quadratic Methods in the Zagros Recreational Areas
koroush nazarpoorfard Hassan pourbabaei

10.29252/.4.6.31

Studying the spatial pattern in plant communities is necessary for understanding the many issues in forest ecology and management. The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of recreation on Spatial patterns of trees in Zagros oak forests. Sampling methods we More

Studying the spatial pattern in plant communities is necessary for understanding the many issues in forest ecology and management. The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of recreation on Spatial patterns of trees in Zagros oak forests. Sampling methods were fixed-area plots and T-square methods. In each region, there are 40 sample plots and 40 sampling points were taken to measure the distances in the distance method in each region. To quantify and analyze the distribution patterns in the sample method, Green, Morissita and Standardized Morisita indicators were used and The Hopkins, Eberhardt, Heinz, C, Johnson and Zimmer indicators were used in the distance methods. C, Hopkins and Heinz indicators showed a clumped pattern in the area. But the Johnson Zaimer and Eberhart indicators showed a regular pattern in the control area. The results showed that among the Sample plot indicators the Morissita and Morissita standardized indicators expressed a clumped pattern in the recreational and the control area, and the Green indicator showed a regular pattern in the recreational area and the control area. The values obtained from the distance indicators showed that the degradation in the recreational area caused a change in the spatial pattern and the spatial pattern in the recreational area was changing so that most indicators in this area showed a regular pattern. Among the distance indicators used, C and Hines indicators and among the sample method, the Green indicator showed these differences well and the species of the two regions were identified suitable to describe the spatial pattern. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Proposing an Information Retrieval Model Using Interval Numbers
Hooman Tahayori farzad ghahremani

Recent expansions of web demands for more capable information retrieval systems that more accurately address the users' information needs. Weighting the words and terms in documents plays an important role in any information retrieval system. Various methods for weighti More

Recent expansions of web demands for more capable information retrieval systems that more accurately address the users' information needs. Weighting the words and terms in documents plays an important role in any information retrieval system. Various methods for weighting the words are proposed, however, it is not straightforward to assert which one is more effective than the others. In this paper, we have proposed a method that calculates the weights of the terms in documents and queries as interval numbers. The interval numbers are derived by aggregating the crisp weights that are calculated by exploiting the existing weighting methods. The proposed method, calculates an interval number as the overall relevancy of each document with the given query. We have discussed three approaches for ranking the interval relevancy numbers. In the experiments we have conducted on Cranfield and Medline datasets, we have studied the effects of weight normalization, use of variations of term and document frequency and have shown that appropriate selection of basic term weighting methods in conjunction with their aggregation into an interval number would considerably improve the information retrieval performance. Through appropriate selection of basic weighting methods we have reached the MAP of 0.43323 and 0.54580 on the datasets, respectively. Obtained results show that he proposed method, outperforms the use of any single basic weighting method and other existing complicated weighting methods. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Measuring Similarity for Directed Path in Geometric Data
Mohammad Farshi Zeinab Saeidi

We consider the following similarity problem concerning the Fréchet distance. A directed path π is given as input and a horizontal segment Q is defined at query time by the user. Our goal is to preprocess and save the directed path π into a data structure such that base More

We consider the following similarity problem concerning the Fréchet distance. A directed path π is given as input and a horizontal segment Q is defined at query time by the user. Our goal is to preprocess and save the directed path π into a data structure such that based on the information saved in the data structure, one sub-path of the directed path can be reported which Fréchet distance between the sub-path and the horizontal query segment Q is minimum between all possible sub-paths. To the best of our knowledge, no theoretical results have been reported for this problem. In this paper, the first heuristic algorithm is proposed. We only experimentally show the quality of the algorithm in several datasets due to no existing algorithm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Ethical practices in entrepreneurship and export learning orientation
Ali Kazemi Alireza Rousta abdollah naami

One of the key factors in achieving sustainable and prosperous economic growth is 'export' which is considered the most important goal in trade policy. Meanwhile, one of the requirements for economic development of the country is increasing food and agricultural export More

One of the key factors in achieving sustainable and prosperous economic growth is 'export' which is considered the most important goal in trade policy. Meanwhile, one of the requirements for economic development of the country is increasing food and agricultural export as one of the non-oil commodity export to move away from the oil-based economy, enter the global economic market and create diversity in exported goods. Therefore, the study of effective variables contributing to the field of export is of paramount importance. Considering the crucial role of human's effort and entrepreneurship in regard to religious education, it can be deduced that through examining verse 39 of Surah Najm, verse 15 of Surah Taha, verse 22 of Surah Ansab, the spiritual personality of human beings is directly in line with their own work and effort. In other words, the criterion for admiring people in the world of survival is what they do and the lasting impact they can have on the world. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of export learning orientation and entrepreneurship along with the contributing factors on export performance and to find the paradoxical role of market distance and its moderating role in the relationship between two variables of learning orientation and export performance. To test the research hypotheses, a sample of 296 people who worked in companies that took part in the International Exhibition of Food and Agriculture in 1998 was selected. Using a standard questionnaire and random sampling method, data was collected and analyzed by SPSS and smart PLS software. The findings of the present study depict that the export commitment, resources and intensity of competition have a positive effect on export entrepreneurship, but the effect of market distance on export entrepreneurship is not significant. The results also reveal the positive effect of the export learning orientation and entrepreneurship on the export performance of the sample companies. However, increasing the market distance variable weakens the relationship between export learning orientation and export performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - نقش توانایی شبکه کارآفرین در کشف فرصت‌های کارآفرینی (شبکه‌های اجتماعی کارآفرینی فعال در اینستاگرام و تلگرام)
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Open Access Article

6 - Methodology of T’awil in the View of Fayd Kashani with an Emphasis on the Role of Ontology
Nafiseh Ahl Sarmadi

In Fayd Kashani’s view, t’awil (esoteric interpretation) is a strategy for attaining the innermost and depth of meaning. He believes that denying t’awil is a sign of superficiality. His writings, particularly his two books of ‘Ayn al-yaqin and Usul al-m‘arif and his Miz More

In Fayd Kashani’s view, t’awil (esoteric interpretation) is a strategy for attaining the innermost and depth of meaning. He believes that denying t’awil is a sign of superficiality. His writings, particularly his two books of ‘Ayn al-yaqin and Usul al-m‘arif and his Mizan al-qiyamah treatise, testify to the supreme place of ontology in discovering the secrets of religious teachings. Fayd’s research in the field of t’awil is based on his philosophical-gnostic thoughts. He conceives of ontology as a window through which one should view the vast spread of revealed teachings. The writer believes that the treatise of al-Insaf introduces Fayd’s methodology of t’awil. Moreover, it describes the process of the writer’s journey towards the truth. According to this gnostic philosopher, some of the conditions that are necessary for one’s attaining the knowledge of t’awil include recognizance of theoretical and practical wisdom, spiritual perfection, patience, and truth seeking. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Optimization of LZ78 compression algorithm in tracing location of mobile communication users
M.R. mirsarraf Mohammad Hakkak

For location updating of mobile users, two compression algorithms, namely, LZ78 and proposed compression algorithm (modified LZ78) are introduced in this paper to be used in PCS networks. Some problems related to using these algorithm are the usage of memory of dictiona More

For location updating of mobile users, two compression algorithms, namely, LZ78 and proposed compression algorithm (modified LZ78) are introduced in this paper to be used in PCS networks. Some problems related to using these algorithm are the usage of memory of dictionary in mobile users and HLR data base as well as the ambiguity about the last location of mobile users due to delay in location updating caused by the compression algorithm. The advantage of these algorithms is reduction at the number of location updatings for a mobile user. With some modifications in the LZ78 algorithm, its problems in implementation are reduced and its usage for PCS networks is enhanced. These changes result from combining this algorithm with distance based location updating algorithm and sending symbols corresponding to some limited neighborhoods identity instead of cell number by compression algorithm For comparison between LZ78 and proposed modified algorithm, we use simulation technique. The simulation program have two structures for PCS network, namely, square cells and hexagon cell networks. For mobile users, we considered two movement pattern: one is directional and the other is omnidirectional movement pattern. The outputs of the simulation program are the number of location updating, the maximum ambiguity of user location and size of dictionary for compression algorithms. Comparing the two algorithms by simulation, we observe that in the modified LZ78 algorithm the parameters of location updating number, maximum user ambiguity and size of dictionary are lower than those in the LZ78 algorithm. At the end of the article, cost of location management of mobile user versus call to mobility ratio (the average number of call toward user to the average number of its movement) is calculated. By comparing location management for LZ78 algorithm, modified LZ78 and distance based location updating algorithm, we observe that the cost of location management is reduced for modified LZ78 compression algorithm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A Simple Method for Online Recognition of Farsi Subwords
S. M. Razavi E. Kabir

In this paper, a method for online recognition of Farsi subwords is presented. First, the dots and other signs of the input subword and their relative locations are recognized and the related group to that subword is chosen. If there is only one member in that group, it More

In this paper, a method for online recognition of Farsi subwords is presented. First, the dots and other signs of the input subword and their relative locations are recognized and the related group to that subword is chosen. If there is only one member in that group, its class is assigned to the input subword, otherwise, the subword body is compared to those of the group members and the subword with minimum distance to the input subword is found. The recognition system also proposes a maximum of nine subwords in the next ranks. The proposed method was tested on a database of 11 samples of 1000 subwords from different writers. The correct recognition rate for the first choice was 74.95%. It reached to 97.87% for the top 10 choices. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Cell ID Assignment in Cellular Networks for Location Management Based on Distance
A. R. zolghadr asli F. nazarpour

In the design of mobile cellular networks, the option of methods for location management of mobile users and updating this location is very important. In general, numerous methods of location management could be classified in two different categories named static and dy More

In the design of mobile cellular networks, the option of methods for location management of mobile users and updating this location is very important. In general, numerous methods of location management could be classified in two different categories named static and dynamic. Analysis and studies show that the second category imposes less computational load onto network. One of the algorithms in dynamic case is based on distance which has better performance compared to other algorithms which are based on time or movement. The important point in this technique is the calculation of cellular distance by mobile unit (MS). Because MSs could receive only cell codes or cell identification (cell ID) by BTSs, in this technique the mobile unit should be able to calculate the cellular distance from these codes (ID). In this paper the authors propose a method for cell ID assignment based on real geographic location of BTS in GPS system. The achieved IDs are then used for applying the distance based method for location management. We have also tested the performance of this method by simulation of a real cellular network in city of Yasuj, province of Kohkiluyeh in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Effects of SIP Register Flood Attack and Detection by Using Kullback–Leibler Distance
S. R. Chogan M. Fathy M. Ramezani

Voice communications through internet uses VOIP which includes several protocols while its secrecy is very important issue. SIP is the most important signaling protocol whose attack detection may help system immunization. This paper is dedicated to the issue of SIP regi More

Voice communications through internet uses VOIP which includes several protocols while its secrecy is very important issue. SIP is the most important signaling protocol whose attack detection may help system immunization. This paper is dedicated to the issue of SIP registration flood attacks. Attackers can send registration signals which have several dangers for registration server. In this paper, SIP register flood attacks is investigated by details and the effects of attack over registration server is illustrated. Finally, the effects of attack, regarding the ratios compared with a regular situation of the network, are evaluated in experiments done in a real network. Moreover, instead of Hellinger distance, Kullback–Leibler distance is used for register flood attacks detection and corresponding ROC curves show this approach has better performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - A Distance-Based Method for Inconsistency Resolution of Models
R. Gorgan Mohammadi Ahmad Abdollahzadeh Barforoush

Model driven approach to software engineering has been taken into consideration due to its impact on reducing complexities and improving the productivity in software development. Inconsistencies are considered as an important challenge in applying models. An inconsisten More

Model driven approach to software engineering has been taken into consideration due to its impact on reducing complexities and improving the productivity in software development. Inconsistencies are considered as an important challenge in applying models. An inconsistency is occurred due to an undesired structural pattern in a model. The main drawback of current approaches to inconsistency resolution is not considering the difference between the repair and the spoiled model. This work presents a distance-based method for finding closest repair for the spoiled model. For this aim, models and metamodels are represented using directed graphs and graph transformation rules are employed for inconsistency resolution. A distance metric is defined based on the amount of changes in the graph corresponding to the model. Application of the proposed method to a set of BPMN models shows the improvement of the results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Speed up the Search for Proximity-Based Models
J. Paksima A. Zareh V. Derhami

One of the main challenges in the proximity models is the speed of data retrieval. These models define a distance concept which is calculated based on the positions of query terms in the documents. This means that finding the positions and calculating the distance is a More

One of the main challenges in the proximity models is the speed of data retrieval. These models define a distance concept which is calculated based on the positions of query terms in the documents. This means that finding the positions and calculating the distance is a time consuming process and because it usually executed during the search time it has a special importance to users. If we can reduce the number of documents, retrieval process becomes faster. In this paper, the SNTK3 algorithm is proposed to prune documents dynamically. To avoid allocating too much memory and reducing the risk of errors during the retrieval, some documents' scores are calculated without any pruning (Skip-N). The SNTK3 algorithm uses three pyramids to extract documents with the highest scores. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can improve the speed of retrieval. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - A Self-Learning Single Image Super-Resolution by Considering Consistency in Adjacent Pixels
M. Habibi A. Ahmadyfard H. hassanpour

In this paper, we propose a self-learning single image super-resolution. In our proposed method, adjacent pixels information in smooth area is used. Low and high-resolution pyramids are built by applying up-sampling and down-sampling techniques on input image, as traini More

In this paper, we propose a self-learning single image super-resolution. In our proposed method, adjacent pixels information in smooth area is used. Low and high-resolution pyramids are built by applying up-sampling and down-sampling techniques on input image, as training data. In training phase, we apply support vector regression (SVR) to model the relationship between the pair of low and high-resolution images. For each patch in the low-resolution image, sparse representation is extracted as a feature vector. In this paper, in order to reduce the edge blurring effects, we first separate edge pixels from non-edge pixels. In the smooth area, because of the similar colors around the each pixel, the center pixel value is determined by considering the reconstructed adjacent pixels. Experimental results show that the proposed method is quantitatively and qualitatively outperform the competitive super-resolution approaches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Design and Simulation of a RGW-Based Microwave (15-18 GHz) Power Divider/Combiner and Its Application to High Power SSPA
A. Karimi Nobandegani S. E. Hosseini

In this paper, a 1:8 Ku-band(15-18 GHz) power divider/combiner based on Ridge Gap Waveguide(RGW) technology is designed and simulated which can be extended to arbitrary 1:N power divider/combiners. In the proposed structure a piece of metal and T-junctions with multisec More

In this paper, a 1:8 Ku-band(15-18 GHz) power divider/combiner based on Ridge Gap Waveguide(RGW) technology is designed and simulated which can be extended to arbitrary 1:N power divider/combiners. In the proposed structure a piece of metal and T-junctions with multisection impedance matching are used. Return loss of the simulated power divider is better than -10 dB at 15-18 GHz frequency band. Also the insertion loss from input to each output is almost -9dB which was expected. Also difference between phases of the insertion loss from input port to each output port is less than 0.9 degree.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) based on Variable Length Evolutionary Algorithm
M. Ramzanyan Hussain Montazery Kordy

The methods used today to investigate brain connections to diagnose brain-related diseases are the imaging method of resting magnetic resonance imaging. In this paper, a new method is proposed using an evolutionary variable-length algorithm to select the appropriate fea More

The methods used today to investigate brain connections to diagnose brain-related diseases are the imaging method of resting magnetic resonance imaging. In this paper, a new method is proposed using an evolutionary variable-length algorithm to select the appropriate features to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of healthy and patient-to-patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on analysis of rs-fMRI images. The characteristics examined are the correlation values between the time series signals of different regions of the brain. Selection of the variable-length property were based on the honey bee algorithm in order to overcome the problem of feature selection in algorithms with fixed-length vector lengths. The Mahalanubis distance has been used as a bee algorithm evaluation function. The efficiency of the algorithm was evaluated in terms of the value of the evaluation function in the first degree and the processing time in the second degree. The results obtained from the significantly higher efficiency of the variable-length bee algorithm than other methods for selecting the feature. While the best result of the overall categorization accuracy among the other methods with the 26 selected characteristics of the PSO algorithm is 76.61%, the proposed method can achieve a total classification accuracy of 85.32% by selecting 25 features. The nature of the data is such that the increase in the number of attributes leads to a greater improvement in the accuracy of the classification so that by increasing the length of the characteristic vector to 35 and 45, classification accuracy was 91.66% and 95.57% respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - scope persons and social moral function of the womb
Zahra Sadeghi Zohreh Nikfarjam Fariba Pahlevani Abbas Samavati

"mercy" of relatives. In other words, it is to have love and behavior with relatives and friends Kinship is a term that represents a kind of social relationship. A relationship that has arisen as a result of the interaction of a spouse, parents and children or siblings. More

"mercy" of relatives. In other words, it is to have love and behavior with relatives and friends Kinship is a term that represents a kind of social relationship. A relationship that has arisen as a result of the interaction of a spouse, parents and children or siblings.According to verse 6 of Surah Al-Ahzab and 75 of Surah Anfal, it can be understood that there is a hierarchy among relatives.In other words, closer relatives take precedence and are more important in inheritance and uterine reconciliation, and take precedence over reconciliation.In other words, closer relatives take precedence and are more important in inheritance and uterine reconciliation, and take precedence over reconciliation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - What are the characteristics of abortion and its types
Zahra Sadeghi Zohreh Nik Farjam Fariba Pahlevani Abbas Samavati

Peace in the word means: kindness, friendship and communication, and it means "mercy" of relatives and friends, in other words, love and behavior with relatives and friends. Abortion means hurting and hurting relatives and friends, and not helping or grieving with the More

Peace in the word means: kindness, friendship and communication, and it means "mercy" of relatives and friends, in other words, love and behavior with relatives and friends. Abortion means hurting and hurting relatives and friends, and not helping or grieving with them in worldly wealth and comfort and charity while they need it. And the cause is either enmity or stinginess. Apparently, there is an intermediary between amputation and reconciliation of the uterus, because every benevolence, even if his relative does not need it and he himself needs it, is called reconciliation, while the absence of this benevolence is not expropriation. The worst kind of abortion is the expulsion of the parents, so that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “All Muslims will see me on the Day of Resurrection, except the expulsion of my parents, and the drunkard, ». And it is enough for the separation of parents that: The Prophet of God cursed him and said: "Gabriel said Amen to the curse of that Imam." In the correspondence attributed to the Commander of the Faithful (pbuh) to his deeds, it is as follows: The late Naraghi writes in the description of this sentence in Ascension of Happiness: Command the relatives to go to see each other but not to be neighbors, what neighborhood will cause hatred, envy and abortion. Manuscript profile

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