caliphate

Open Access Article

1 - Neo- Asabiyyah; conceptual development of Ibn-Khaldun's notion of Asabiyyah regarding the formation process of ISIS
Ahmad Mehraban Dafsari Mansour Mirahmadi

Internal cohesion among Salafi-Jihadi networks is somehow similar to kinship ties in tribal societies. This is not very reproduction of the kinship ties though it reminds some aspects of Ibn-Khaldun’s notion of “Asabiyah”. Thus in spite of much similarities we can not a More

Internal cohesion among Salafi-Jihadi networks is somehow similar to kinship ties in tribal societies. This is not very reproduction of the kinship ties though it reminds some aspects of Ibn-Khaldun’s notion of “Asabiyah”. Thus in spite of much similarities we can not apply this concept for the analysis of Daesh terrorist group and its related networks enjoying ethnic and linguistic variety. Moreover, some other characteristics of these groups i. e. having affiliated networks and using the social media are specific to the modern societies and therefore the classical notion of “asabiyah” does not appropriately explain their aspects. Analyzing Khaldunian asabiyyah’s elements i. e. kinship ties, religion, and authority, the study of their dynamics and developments through the formation process of ISIS and its internal cohesion, this research delivers an assessment on the possibilities for postulating a new Khaldunian analysis. . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Components of power in The Abbasi's caliphate and its consequences
Rasool Akhgar Jalil Pourhassan Darabi Abbas Ashouri Nejad

This article is dedicated to studying about components of power in The Abbasi's caliphate and Also the outcome and the effect of these components on their strengths and weaknesses. It is also about their political and social developments. Right after Abbasi's calipha More

This article is dedicated to studying about components of power in The Abbasi's caliphate and Also the outcome and the effect of these components on their strengths and weaknesses. It is also about their political and social developments. Right after Abbasi's caliphate started in year 132 hijri and the arrival of new ethnic elements in political, social and official organization, and also expanding the territory of the caliphate, fundamental changes and transformations which were mostly caused by the influence of different ethnicities and cultures, started to happen is political, social , intellectual and cultural aspects. One of these changes was the transformation of the Abbasi's power structure which started to make their territory unstable unlike the previous ones. Adoption of orientalists policy by the Abbasi's which was joined by the influence of new ethnic elements and social classes and also the formation of issues like the establish of Al-buway and Seljuk government and cultural developments and the influence of cultural resources and center and new ideas and also Abbasi's using religious tools such as attribution to prophet, benefiting from mahdism thinking, claiming the divine caliph and the divine legitimacy of the government and the caliphate to gain legitimacy and on the other hand, accepting the emirate of domination in times of weakness, all made the path for the fundamental changes in various aspects of the Abbasi's Caliphate such as the structure of political power. As a result of these changes and also the effect of these components, The Abbasi's ruled for more than five centuries and on the other hand, due to the sharing and participation of new ethnic elements in power, the path to form powerful shia and sunni governments was provided which they gained part of their legitimacy from the caliphate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Semantics of the word "caliph" in the Qur'an And its relevance to the topic of "Imamate" with emphasis on companions
alireza tabibi Fatemeh Dastrang

The semantic approach and attention to conceptual relationships by providing systematic solutions discover new semantic levels in Qur'anic research and provide the context for understanding the meaning of vocabulary without any presupposition.The term "caliph" is one of More

The semantic approach and attention to conceptual relationships by providing systematic solutions discover new semantic levels in Qur'anic research and provide the context for understanding the meaning of vocabulary without any presupposition.The term "caliph" is one of the important Qur'anic concepts related to the "Imamate", which deals with issues in the Qur'anic reading of this term in Islamic theology. Therefore, the exact explanation of this term and the discovery of how it is related to the position of Imamate is necessary. Therefore, the present article uses a descriptive analytical method to understand the meaningful elements of the "caliph" and its adaptation to the position of "Imamate". The analysis of the verses including the term "caliph" and its derivatives based on the conjunctions and the combinations of the term in the text of the verses and the discovery of its semantic components led to the discovery of the meaning of the term "caliph" and the adaptation of the position of "prophecy" and " Imamate "has been named" califah Allah ".The Caliphate among the people is followed by chase, afterlife and time delay, but in the succession of man by God, it has a qualitative delay and contains the highest sacred and spiritual authority. Considering the semantic components of the "caliph" in the Qur'an and considering the companions of this term, all divine forgeries in the affairs of theatrical and the developmental are to the divine will, and the existence of traits such as faith, good deed and science is necessary for the position of the substitute. Therefore, the concept of the word caliph corresponds to the subject of Imamate in the Shiite epistemic system. Manuscript profile

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4 - The succession of the Prophet (peace be upon him) in the prophetic court and the vote of the caliphs
tahereh eslami ali abadi

After the death of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH & HP), the issue of caliphate was the most important issue in Islamic society. Some claim that this succession was the basis of the divine installation; in addition to the intellectual currents, they sang another song and More

After the death of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH & HP), the issue of caliphate was the most important issue in Islamic society. Some claim that this succession was the basis of the divine installation; in addition to the intellectual currents, they sang another song and made other plans. The present research has attempted to answer the question with the historical-analytical method that the Prophet (pbuh), in terms of historical propositions, had a narrative view of the caliphate? What are the three caliphs? The results of this study indicate that there is a profound difference between the viewpoint of the Prophet (pbuh) and the three caliphs about the issue of caliphate. The Prophet (pbuh) considered the caliphate to be divine, while the three caliphs considered criteria such as allegiance, subordination, and council determination to legitimize their caliphate and each other, which later became the criterion of Sunni practice. Manuscript profile

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5 - headship of Imam Ali (AS) in the Fatimid tradition
Mohammad Reza Pakbaz Abdolhossein Khosro Panah Javad Abolghasemi

The premise of this research is to presuppose the infallibility and virtues of Hazrat Zahra S, which is expressed in the sources of the sects, as well as the transformation of her Imamatelessness based on the acceptable hadith of the sects, "who is dead ..."The proof of More

The premise of this research is to presuppose the infallibility and virtues of Hazrat Zahra S, which is expressed in the sources of the sects, as well as the transformation of her Imamatelessness based on the acceptable hadith of the sects, "who is dead ..."The proof of Imamate and Caliphate has been presented by relying on his positive and negative sayings and actions in the form of two logical analogical and exceptional analogies. Citing protests against Imamate texts, his outspoken defense of Imam Ali's leadership in the Fadakiyah sermon and his conversations with women visiting him, and his belief in Imam Ali's Imamate, citing specific behaviors such as night insinuations, uprising for debate and sermons. ProvedBy not believing in the caliphate, the claimants of the caliphate also cited negative statements such as expressing anger, expressing anger, threatening to curse and negative behaviors such as "non-violent speech", "practical obstruction of forced allegiance" and "will to bury the grave". The groundwork for proving the Imamate of Imam Ali (as) has been laid. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Components and value structure and lifestyle of Iraqi Muslims during the Abbasid period
Ghelareh Amiri

Lifestyle is one of the most important issues in various sciences that has always existed since the beginning of human life and has continued to this day. Although this reform in its scientific meaning is almost new, but by studying and referring to the past, we can tra More

Lifestyle is one of the most important issues in various sciences that has always existed since the beginning of human life and has continued to this day. Although this reform in its scientific meaning is almost new, but by studying and referring to the past, we can trace it. Observed among the dynasties, tribes, caliphs, and summaries of different eras. One of these eras that is considered in this article is Iraq during the time of the Abbasid caliphs. The present study seeks to examine the lifestyle of Iraqi Muslims in the Abbasid era. From this perspective, after expanding the conceptual space of the subject and expressing the historical aspect of the subject, he will study the Iraqi way of life in that period. According to the thematic documents presented in this research, the research method is analytical-historical and the data collection method in this research is a library. The findings of this study indicate that in the fourth to sixth centuries AH, coinciding with the rule of the Abbasids, Iraq in particular, Baghdad as the capital of the Caliphate, enjoyed great prosperity and brought about various cultural and social changes in the Muslim way of life. And because of the attention of the rulers, has had a great impact on the social life of Muslims, including attitudes and beliefs, social lifestyle, language, religion and customs. The conclusion of the article is that the growth of scientific and cultural circles in Iraq challenged the cultural traditions and lifestyle of Muslims in Iraq in the fifth and sixth centuries AH, by proposing genuine Islamic teachings and changing their behavioral patterns. Also, the lifestyle and culture of Iraqi Muslims have been influenced by other cultures, especially Iran, due to the increasing migration of other nations to Iraq. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - An interpretation of the concept of Zandiq and anti-Zandiq in the Abbasid era based on Fabors theory
Shahnaz Yazdan Panah Reza Dehghani Nematullah Ahmadi Nasab

Atheism in the Abbasid era had a different meaning and a broader implication than the previous periods. During this period, the term atheist did not refer to a disbeliever in God or a denier of prophethood. Rather, from the perspective of the caliphs and their agents, t More

Atheism in the Abbasid era had a different meaning and a broader implication than the previous periods. During this period, the term atheist did not refer to a disbeliever in God or a denier of prophethood. Rather, from the perspective of the caliphs and their agents, the atheists and the heretics, were those whose political and religious attitudes and beliefs were in conflict with the religion of Islam. The caliphs considered their suppression necessary and lawful in order to guard the Sharia and preserve the unity of the Islamic Ummah. These heretics were from different social groups with different viewpoints. Atheistic thought manifested in the form of political and social movements and fighting against them was the most important concern of the Caliphs. Although many of them were not religious in nature, but yet, they had cultural and economic aspects. This article seeks to answer the question, why did the Abbasids always try to connect the the various movements and intellectual thoughts with the two pillars of religion and hereticism (Zandiqgari) In this article, Lucien Faber's theory is used to understand the concept of Zandiqgari. In her famous book, Fabor analyzed atheism in the Middle Ages and examined it from a social and political point of view. The purpose of this research is to analyze the approaches of the caliphs and the thinkers of the Abbasid era in the fight against Zindiqism and their relationship with the mindset and the belief structure that governed their society. Causal and library research methods were used for analysis in this artictle. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The process of confrontation between Mu'tazila and Ash'ari from the period of Ma'mun to Mutawakkul Abbasi
Mohammad Jafar vasef Seyyed Mohammad Saghafi Nejad Mahmoud Seyyed

From the second half of the first century of Hijri, different theological sects and religions began to appear. The Mu'tazila sect was founded by Wasil bin Atta. This sect was seriously supported during the caliphate of Mamun, Mutasim, and Wathiq. When Mutawakkil reache More

From the second half of the first century of Hijri, different theological sects and religions began to appear. The Mu'tazila sect was founded by Wasil bin Atta. This sect was seriously supported during the caliphate of Mamun, Mutasim, and Wathiq. When Mutawakkil reached the caliphate, he persecuted the Mu'tazilah. The Ash'ari school separated from this school at the age of forty and founded a new religion called Ash'ari. The current research, using the historical research method which is based on description and analysis, answers this question, according to such an atmosphere, was this school able to continue its way of thinking? The purpose of dealing with this issue is how the Atzali movement continued in the fourth century of Hijri and it examines the process of confrontation between Mu'tazila and Ash'ari. The findings of the research show that the emergence of Abul Hasan Ash'ari is one of the factors of the fall of Mu'tazila. Although some people believe that the Mu'tazila religion was in danger of dissolution in that era. In order to keep the Mu'tazili religion alive, Ash'ari used a policy that changed the method with all vigilance and saved the Mu'tazili religion. But it must be said that Ash'ari had various debates with Abu Ali Jabai, his teacher, and in terms of jurisprudence, he was a follower of Ahl al-Hadith. However, from the time of Mutawakkul to the time of the caliphate of Al-Qadir Ballah, the Mu'tazila did not have a place in the Abbasid caliphate system. Manuscript profile

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