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        1 - Analysis of the dual psychoanalysis of anti-authoritarianism-authoritarianism of the Mojahedin Khalq Organization
        mohammadamin akbari Iraj Ranjbar
        Explaining the dual paradox of anti-authoritarianism-authoritarianism in the opinion and practice of the MojahedinKhalq Organization is the main issue of this article. In this sense, the authors have focused on the mental concern of how individuals might challenge the p More
        Explaining the dual paradox of anti-authoritarianism-authoritarianism in the opinion and practice of the MojahedinKhalq Organization is the main issue of this article. In this sense, the authors have focused on the mental concern of how individuals might challenge the patriarchal authority of the political order by renouncing worldly attachments and interests, and at the same time, to prove their unquestioning obedience and submission, they renounced the authority and majesty of the "organization" from its “emancipation" that they had achieved in exchange for the loss of everything. In response, this article is based on the claim that Patriarchy culture, by providing the conditions for the formation of political mentality and psychological temperament of members, is reflected in the ideology of the organization and formed its political practice and is trapped in the paradoxical dichotomy of anti-Authoritarianism- Authoritarianism. Hence, the method chosen by the authors to provide evidence and confirmation of the claim is not based on positivist monotheistic logic but based on the necessity of a multidimensional view of political and social phenomena. This article, with emphasis on the importance of interdisciplinary studies, tries to analyze through the lens of political psychoanalysis and using the views of Eric Fromm and Carl Gustav Jung, first the historical, political, cultural, ideological, and economic contexts that act as effective drivers in the formation of social temperament and psychological structure of the Mojahedin Organization and then the roots of the militant-surrender paradox of desire under the influence of centuries of patriarchal discourse over Iranian society in the psyche and actions of the MojahedinKhalq Organization are shown. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The fourth industrial revolution and its human dangers in quasi-modern authoritarian political systems
        Seyyed MohammadReza  Mottaghi hasan khosravi Bijan  Abdolkarimi Bijan  Abbasi
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5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 14.2pt; line-height: 95%;" align="center"><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 95%; color: black;">Feasibility of Adjusting Human Rights Risks Affected by the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Political Structures Based on Pseudo-Modern Authoritarianism</span></strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; line-height: 95%; mso-pagination: none; margin: 0cm -.05pt .0001pt 25.25pt;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 95%; color: black; letter-spacing: -.3pt;">Seyyed Mohammad Reza Mottaghi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">*</span></a></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; line-height: 95%; mso-pagination: none; margin: 0cm -.05pt .0001pt 25.25pt;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 95%; color: black; letter-spacing: -.3pt;">Hassan Khosravi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">**</span></a></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; line-height: 95%; mso-pagination: none; margin: 0cm -.05pt .0001pt 25.25pt;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 95%; color: black; letter-spacing: -.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>Bijan Abdolkarimi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">***</span></a></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right; line-height: 95%;" align="right"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 95%;">Bijan Abbasi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">****</span></a></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; text-indent: 14.2pt; line-height: 95%;"><a name="_Hlk160321101"></a><span style="color: black; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-bidi-language: FA;">The Fourth Industrial Revolution represents a transformative wave in the industry with the potential to impact various facets of human existence, promising widespread individual and societal prosperity. However, it also presents a significant risk, particularly for governments not firmly rooted in democratic principles, who may be tempted to assert control over their citizens due to the expanded capabilities afforded by this revolution. Such a scenario, if realized, threatens the emergence of new dictatorships and erodes the individuality of citizens. This article, employing an analytical-descriptive approach, seeks to explore the multifaceted human rights crises precipitated by these conditions. It endeavors to address the question: How can individual freedoms and human and citizenship rights be safeguarded against governmental encroachment in this era? Based on the results of this research, due to the expansion of capabilities arising from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the potential for government abuse is increasing more than ever, inviting all political structures towards authoritarianism. Consequently, to prevent this situation and safeguard the rights and freedoms of citizens, the current governance models need to be re-evaluated, emphasizing on aspects of enhancing freedoms. These changes should aim to reduce the intrusion of governments into personal spheres as much as possible, moving towards absolute neutrality.</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk160321101;"><strong><span style="color: black;">Keyword:</span></strong><span style="color: black;"> The fourth industrial revolution, authoritarianism, cyber dictatorship, pseudo-modern government and artificial intelligence.</span></span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 95%;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">* PhD of </span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">Public law, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 95%;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">mohammadreza.mottaghi@iranian.ac.ir </span></p> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 95%;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">** </span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 95%;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">h.khosravi@rey.tpnu.ac.ir</span></p> </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 95%;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">*** Associate Professor, Departme</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">nt of Philosophy, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 95%;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">abdolkarimi12@gmail.com</span></p> </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 95%;"><a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">****</span></a> <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University of Tehran, Iran.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%; line-height: 95%;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 95%; mso-bidi-font-family: 'B Nazanin';">Bizhan_abbasy@yahoo.com</span></p> </div> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> Manuscript profile