Temperature

Open Access Article

1 - Statistical analysis of the temperature of 35 long-term meteorological stations in Iran during 1960-2010
mostafa karampoor Mohammad moradi hooshang ghaemi behrouz nasiri

This study was conducted to determine the long-term behavior of the series of the minimum average temperature and maximum average temperature as well as to identify the hot and cold periods of 35 Iranian stations during the period of 1960-2010.Initially, in order to und More

This study was conducted to determine the long-term behavior of the series of the minimum average temperature and maximum average temperature as well as to identify the hot and cold periods of 35 Iranian stations during the period of 1960-2010.Initially, in order to understand the changes in the minimum and maximum temperatures, the average maps of minimum and maximum temperatures and their coefficient of variation were drawn using the Kriging method. Then, by using of the Mann-Kendall statistical test, the significance of the trend on each station was tested at 95% confidence level. Finally, with the use of the 20% high and low probabilities of the minimum and maximum averages temperature during the 50-year study period, cold and hot courses were identified. The results show that the dispersion and temperature distribution on Iran in the seasonal and annual scale follows a similar pattern, which indicates a regular temperature regime in the region. The range of day-to-day variations in most of the study synoptic stations, except for the winter season which has been decreasing in most of the points, does not show a significant change. The average effect of minimum temperatures on seasonal scale during the studied period is higher on the average temperature of different regions of Iran. The most frequent occurrence of cold periods is in the first half of the study period and the most frequent occurrence of warm periods is in the second half of the study period, especially in the 2000s. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Global Warming Effects on Minimum Temperature of Iran
Mohammad mohammadi

Climate change is one of the most significant issues for researchers and media in recent decades. This phenomenon is slowly expanding whole over the world and affecting all relevant parameters. Hence, the main objective of this study is evaluating the impacts of global More

Climate change is one of the most significant issues for researchers and media in recent decades. This phenomenon is slowly expanding whole over the world and affecting all relevant parameters. Hence, the main objective of this study is evaluating the impacts of global warming on minimum temperatures of Iran. To do so, daily minimum temperature of 47 synoptic stations were extracted during the 1961-1990. In order to investigate global warming impact, output of the HADCM3 model for 2015-2045 based on A2 and B2 scenarios was downscaling using SDSM model. Results illustrated that base on the relationship between predictor and predictable variables, created model between these variables are partially capable of producing climate data for future periods. Correlation coefficient (r) between observed and generated data during the 1976-1990 was 0.95. Furthermore, results of variance and correlation tests indicated that there is significant similarity between observed and generated data. Finally, the model demonstrated that minimum temperature in studied statins will be increased during 2015-2045. Temperature will be increased about 0.8 and 0.5 ᵒC based on the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. The stations will experience different temperature changes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigation and Correlation Test of Temperature Time Series and Dusty Days in Hamedan Province
Amir Gandomkar

Dust has always been considered as one of the most important environmental hazards and has undesirable environmental impacts. This study aims to investigate the trend of dusty days and temperature time series in Hamedan province and the effect of temperature series on t More

Dust has always been considered as one of the most important environmental hazards and has undesirable environmental impacts. This study aims to investigate the trend of dusty days and temperature time series in Hamedan province and the effect of temperature series on the number of dusty days. In this regard, the number of dusty days as well as average temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature of the stations in Hamedan, Nozheh Hamedan and Malayer, during the statistical period of 1992-2012, were used. At first, the Normality test of the data was performed by Anderson-Darling test and then the normal and abnormal months were separated. Then for non-normal months, Mann Kendall test and for normal months, t test and Least Squares method were used. Finally, the Correlation test was performed, using the Pearson Correlation and Linear Regression tests. The results showed that the temperature time series in the months with specific trends have been increasing. Also, the number of dusty days has decreased in the cold months of the year and increased in the warm ones. According to the Prediction model, the occurrence of this phenomenon will have an increasing trend in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The effect of changes in land use and reducing urban green space on surface temperatures and the urban heat island of Tehran (Case study: Region 1)
Sahar Mansouri شهريار خالدي Reza برنا farideh Asadian

This study was conducted to investigate the microclimate role of extruded builders in the last decade on surface temperature rise and heat island resonance and air pollution in the Tehran area. Shemiranat station data and Aqdasia air pollution measurement data over a 12 More

This study was conducted to investigate the microclimate role of extruded builders in the last decade on surface temperature rise and heat island resonance and air pollution in the Tehran area. Shemiranat station data and Aqdasia air pollution measurement data over a 12 year statistical period were used. Landsat 8 satellite images were used to reveal the role of vegetation reduction on surface temperature. The results showed that in area 1 due to non-regular and unconditional construction in recent decades, the vegetation and trees of the area were not cut or standard green space development was not followed. Two hot areas, or islands of high surface temperature heat, are forming and developing over other adjacent parts. The eastern half of Region 1, especially its southeastern part, boasts a very hot part in all seasons. In hot seasons, surface temperatures in the area can reach as high as 50 degrees Celsius. The middle section is still better off if it still manages to maintain its green space. However, due to the steady growth of builders in the last decade, the minimum (morning) temperatures, especially in cold seasons, are rising rapidly and steeply. The amounts of fine-grained particles, especially PM10 and PM2, are increasing in region 1.The intensification of the heat island has caused south-west to south-southeast winds to intensify all months of the year. And it has made the area particularly polluted in the colder months of the year. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of changes in land use and deforestation and loss of vegetation in changes in surface temperature and heat island of Tehran metropolitan area. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Clinopyroxene mineral chemistry of Peshtasar basalts, sedimentary basin of Moghan (NW Iran)
AbbasAli Amrei Reza Zarei Mohsen Moayyed Ahmad Ahmadi AmirMorteza Azimzadeh

With the east–west exposure trend, Peshtasar basalts are in the sedimentary basin of Moghan (Talesh structural zone), in the northwest of Iran.The Peshtasar complex lithologically includes basalt, andesitic basalt or basaltic andesite, megaporphyric andesite, leucite te More

With the east–west exposure trend, Peshtasar basalts are in the sedimentary basin of Moghan (Talesh structural zone), in the northwest of Iran.The Peshtasar complex lithologically includes basalt, andesitic basalt or basaltic andesite, megaporphyric andesite, leucite tephrite and volcanic breccia. The main constituent minerals are plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and iddingsitized olivine in basalts and plagioclase megacryst, clinopyroxene, and leucite in tephrite. The results of the microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene reveal the diopside composition. Clinopyroxenes of Peshtasar basalts have igneous nature originated from alkaline and continental magmatic serries. The results of termobarometry studies indicate the crystallization range from 800 -1200 degrees centigrade and crystallization pressure less than 5 kb. There was no water in composition of the parent magma of these rocks. The titanium contents of clinopyroxenes were low, indicating the presence of titano-magnetite (opaque minerals) in the rock. The ferric iron values in clinopyroxenes represents a high oxygen fugacity of magma. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Temperature Management in 3D Network-on-Chips Using Simulated Annealing-Based Task Migration
M. Mohebbi Moghaddam S. H. Mir Mohammadi S. H. Mir Mohammadi

Combination of 3D stacking and network-on-chip (NoC), known as 3D NoC, has several advantages such as reduced propagation delay, chip area and interconnect, and power consumption, and bandwidth increase. Despite these advantages, 3D stacking causes the increased power d More

Combination of 3D stacking and network-on-chip (NoC), known as 3D NoC, has several advantages such as reduced propagation delay, chip area and interconnect, and power consumption, and bandwidth increase. Despite these advantages, 3D stacking causes the increased power density per chip area and subsequently increases the chip temperature. Temperature increase causes performance degradation and reliability reduction. Therefore, design of temperature management algorithms is essential for these systems. In this paper, we propose a task migration scheme for thermal management of 3D NoCs. The process of migration destinations for hot spots is an NP-complete problem which can be solved by using heuristic algorithms. To this end, we utilize a simulated annealing method in our algorithm. We consider migration overhead in addition to the temperature of the processing elements in migration destination selection process. Simulation results indicate up to 28 percentage peak temperature reduction, on average, for the benchmark that has the largest number of tasks. The proposed scheme has low migration overhead. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Assessment of Demand Side Resources Potential in Presence of Cooling and Heating Equipment Using Data Mining Method Based Upon K-Means Clustering Algorithm
fatemeh sheibani M. Mollahassani-pour هنگامه کشاورز

Under the smart power systems, determining the amount of Demand Response Resources(DRRs) potential is considered as a crucial issue due to affecting in all energy policy decisions. In this paper, the potential of DRRs in presence of cooling and heating equipment are ide More

Under the smart power systems, determining the amount of Demand Response Resources(DRRs) potential is considered as a crucial issue due to affecting in all energy policy decisions. In this paper, the potential of DRRs in presence of cooling and heating equipment are identified using k-means clustering algorithm as a data mining technique. In this regard, the energy consumption dataset are categorized in different clusters by k-means algorithm based upon variations of energy price and ambient temperature during peak hours of hot (Spring and Summer) and cold (Autumn and Winter) periods. Then, the clusters with the possibility of cooling and heating equipment’s commitment are selected. After that, the confidence interval diagram of energy consumption in elected clusters is provided based upon energy price variations. The nominal potential of DRRs, i.e. flexible load, will be obtained regarding the maximum and minimum differences between the average of energy consumption in upper and middle thresholds of the confidence interval diagram. The energy consumption, ambient temperature and energy price related to BOSTON electricity network over a six-year horizon time is utilized to evaluate the proposed model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Performance Evaluation of TMDFET-based SRAM Memory Cell Compared to Si-MOSFET Technology
فرزانه ایزدی نسب Morteza Gholipour

Transition metal dichalcogenides FETs (TMDFETs) are among the emerging devices that have been considered by researchers in recent years. In this paper, the effect of parameter variations, temperature and power supply on the performance of TMDFET transistors has been inv More

Transition metal dichalcogenides FETs (TMDFETs) are among the emerging devices that have been considered by researchers in recent years. In this paper, the effect of parameter variations, temperature and power supply on the performance of TMDFET transistors has been investigated in comparison with Si-MOSFET technology. The results indicate that TMDFET is less sensitive to these variations compared to Si-MOSFET devices. By selecting the appropriate transistors size ratios, the performance of the TMDFET-based conventional 6-transistor static random access memory cell is evaluated in comparison with the Si-MOSFET in 16nm technology. Simulations are performed at room temperature, 0.7 V supply voltage and the same conditions for both TMDFET and Si-MOSFET devices. The results of the simulations show that TMDFET-based SRAM cell has 29.44% more WTP, corresponding to more writing ability, 49.49% more WTI×WTV, corresponding to higher writing noise margin, and 29.48% lower read delay. In other words, a TMDFET-based SRAM cell performs better than Si-MOS-SRAM in terms of write ability, static read margin, and read delay. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Evaluation of trend of rainfall and temperature changes and their effects on meteorological drought in Kermanshah province
Maryam Teymouri Yeganeh Liela Teymouri Yeganeh

Climate change is one of the natural features of the atmospheric cycle, which results in anomalies or fluctuations in the process of meteorological parameters such as rainfall and temperature. Also, drought is one of the weather and climate disasters, including catastro More

Climate change is one of the natural features of the atmospheric cycle, which results in anomalies or fluctuations in the process of meteorological parameters such as rainfall and temperature. Also, drought is one of the weather and climate disasters, including catastrophic events. It alternates with floods and causes significant damage each year. Lack of rainfall has different effects on groundwater, soil moisture and river flow. For this reason, the study of changes in precipitation and temperature has always been the focus of researchers in various sciences, including natural resources and the environment. In this study, using the data of Kermanshah Meteorological Organization related to 30 years of rainfall, average minimum temperature and average maximum temperature in three stations of Kermanshah, Islamabad West and Sarpol-e Zahab to assess the severity of drought each year by DIC software Using standard precipitation index (SPI) and examining the trend of temperature changes using two non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests, Sensitimator and also linear regression. In order to study the drought trend during the 30-year period, statistical software was used and the results showed that during the 30-year period, all three stations are in near normal condition. Also, the results of temperature changes using the mentioned tests indicate the increasing trend of temperature and this trend is significant at the level of 99% using two non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Determining the Tourism Calendar Using the Climate Tourism Index (TCI) and the Climate-Holiday Index (HCI): A Case Study of Astara, Gilan Province
Tooba Abedi Ladan Kazemi Rad Roya Abedi

10.52547/journalitor.36279.10.19.251

Favorable climatic conditions are the most important information that nature tourists need to choose their destination. Moreover, one of tourism climatologists' goals is to identify different types of climates that affect tourism. Therefore, this study sought to investi More

Favorable climatic conditions are the most important information that nature tourists need to choose their destination. Moreover, one of tourism climatologists' goals is to identify different types of climates that affect tourism. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the relationship between climatic variables, climate-related indicators, and tourism in the most important tourist destinations of Astara, including Heyran mountain pass and Bibiyanlou forest park in terms of Tourism Climate Index (TCI) and Holiday Climate Index (HCI), using indices such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, cloud cover, and wind speed during a 15-year period (2005-2020). The results of the monthly survey of the TCI index showed that the region had a good rank in this regard in October (TCI = 65) and July (TCI = 69), a very good rank (TCI = 79) in May, and an excellent rank (TCI = 80) in June. Moreover, the results of the HCI showed that January and July had good ratings (with their HCI values being 69 and 65, respectively). The months of June and February (HCI = 75) had very good ranks, the months of May and April had excellent ranks (with their HCI values being 89 and 85, respectively), and the month of March had an ideal rank (HCI = 93). It was also found that in the early spring and summer (corresponding to the holiday season) when the climatic conditions were more favorable, the region was more visited by tourists. However, the region would probably be less welcomed by the tourists during the working and exam seasons. The results of the present study could be helpful in improving tourism activities based on climatic conditions, managing tourism in terms of providing the tourists with the required equipment and their needs during the tourism peaks, and providing for the required infrastructure to overcome the difficulties and attract tourists at other times. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The studying on mechanism, properties and application of shape memory polymers
Hamidreza Haydari

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) represent a highly special class of materials. As one representative of the intelligent polymeric systems, these materials gained significant interest in recent years. SMPs are stimuli-responsive polymers, which act as stimulants like light, More

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) represent a highly special class of materials. As one representative of the intelligent polymeric systems, these materials gained significant interest in recent years. SMPs are stimuli-responsive polymers, which act as stimulants like light, temperature, PH changes, solvent changes, electrical fields or magnetic fields, and their output is strain. Also, these polymers are highly regarded as essential for fundamental research and technological innovation. The present review will provide a short overview with particular attention to structure, mechanisms and applications of SMPs, shape memory effects and, as well as the current developments and concepts for shape memory polymers. The applications of shape memory polymers can be noted in medical industries, commercial industries, S hape memory polymers (SMPs) represent a highly special class of materials. As one representative of the intelligent polymeric systems, these materials gained significant interest in recent years. SMPs are stimuli-responsive polymers, which act as stimulants like light, temperature, PH changes, solvent changes, electrical fields or magnetic fields, and their output is strain. Also, these polymers are highly regarded as essential for fundamental research and technological innovation. The present review will provide a short overview with particular attention to structure, mechanisms and applications of SMPs, shape memory effects and, as well as the current developments and concepts for shape memory polymers. The applications of shape memory polymers can be noted in medical industries, commercial industries, aerospace industries, self-healing polymers, etc. aerospace industries, self-healing polymers, etc. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Temperature Sensor Based on Terahertz Plasmonic Slot Waveguide Coupled with a Resonator
Alireza Dolatabady

In this paper, the performance of a temperature sensor based on plasmonic structure including a slot waveguide coupled with a stub resonator has been investigated. The results have been attained based on the dependency of dispersion equation, and so, the resonance frequ More

In this paper, the performance of a temperature sensor based on plasmonic structure including a slot waveguide coupled with a stub resonator has been investigated. The results have been attained based on the dependency of dispersion equation, and so, the resonance frequency of the stub, to electric permittivity of the constructing material of the structure, InSb, which is also dependent to the ambient temperature. The design of the structure has been carried out for frequencies in terahertz spectra. The simulation results confirm an approximate linear relation between the resonance frequencies and ambient temperature, between 260-350 Kelvin. Also, a criterion has been assigned for evaluation the sensitivity and the performance temperature span of the proposed sensor. The calculated sensitivity is about 1×10-10 Kelvin per Hertz in the mentioned temperature interval. The sensor measurement resolution depends on the frequency resolution of the detection system. This simple sensor can be utilized in various chemical and bio systems. Manuscript profile

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