List of Articles Shiite

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - Recognizing the Position of the Minaret in the Architecture of Mosques from the Point Of View of Shiite Jurisprudence
  amir Sadeghi nejad Abas Masoudi
  During different historical periods, a significant number of elements and components of the mosque, such as the minaret with different appearances and bodies, have been displayed and used in mosques and it seems that it has become an integral part of the mosque over tim More

  During different historical periods, a significant number of elements and components of the mosque, such as the minaret with different appearances and bodies, have been displayed and used in mosques and it seems that it has become an integral part of the mosque over time. Architects, researchers and scholars have expressed a variety of analyzes, theories and interpretations with different views on the position of the minaret in the architecture of mosques. However, there is no mention of the attitude of the Twelver Shiite jurisprudence regarding the position of the minaret in the architecture of mosques, and this issue is still facing ambiguous points. While the minaret has been used in mosques for centuries, some scholars consider single-minaret mosques as a symbol of Sunnis and mosques with two minarets as a symbol of the Shiite religion. This research tries to study the necessity of the minaret in the architecture of mosques in the attitude of Shiite jurisprudence. The rules of Shiite jurisprudence of the Twelve Imams are obtained through research in the Qur’an, Sunnah, consensus and reasoning. Since it is not possible to study all the sources mentioned in this research, studying the Qur’an and the consensus will be sufficient. The present research is fundamental in terms of subject matter and is considered qualitative from the perspective of research method. The data collection method of the research is through library and data analysis method is of content analysis type. The results of this study show the commonalities and differences in the attitude of the Qur’an and consensus on the necessity of requiring a minaret in mosques. According to the analysis, interpretation and elaboration of verses 17 and 18 of Surah Tawbah (Quran) and analyzing the content of the attitude of contemporary and non-contemporary (i.e. who are not at the same time as contemporary) authorities and jurists of the Shiite religion (consensus) regarding the necessity of minaret in the architecture of mosques, In general, it can be said that from the viewpoint of the Qur’an and non-contemporary jurists, the minaret does not have the necessary harmony with the architecture of mosques. In contemporary jurists’ attitude, there is nothing wrong with the minaret in mosques; but the minarets or tall minarets in the mosques are considered disapproved. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Investigating and Evaluation morality of reconsideration of contract in Iranian Law and Shiite Jurisprudence
  Pour Andokht  Azizi Nejad Ali  Almasi tayeb afsharnia
  In spite of the acceptance of the principle of contractual necessity in all legal systems and the need to respect the conflicting provisions of the parties, the impact of social and economic events between the conclusion of the contract and the enforcement of the contra More

  In spite of the acceptance of the principle of contractual necessity in all legal systems and the need to respect the conflicting provisions of the parties, the impact of social and economic events between the conclusion of the contract and the enforcement of the contract is undeniable. In principle the freedom of contracts, In the event of unforeseen events and a radical change in the circumstances of the conclusion of the contract, the possibility of termination or revision has been provided to the party experiencing unforeseen difficulties or losses as a modification of the contract. Given that the principle of contract freedom is rooted in ethical principles, Thus, clarifying the ethical principles of contract law will be effective both in negotiating and concluding and enforcing it, and in limiting the principle of free will and sovereignty. The study of institutions such as possession of property, prohibition of abuse of power, prohibition of harm to others, indecency, and other institutions clearly show that their main and major basis are ethical principles and principles. Therefore, in the present study, after expanding the conceptual space of the research topic, we will examine the modification of the contract and its governing principles. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is in libraries. According to the research findings, modification of the contract is a concept that is accepted in both national law and Islamic jurisprudence, Because the principle of contractual freedom permits the parties to the contract to impose any correct condition in the contract, it is possible to modify the contract in Imamieh jurisprudence by resorting to the three jurisprudential principles of " the juristic rule of “negation of harm and difficulty ", " prohibition of detriment " and " the juristic rule of “what is possible " but in Iranian law Modifications to the contract can be accepted on the basis of " occurredlesion theory " and "theory of change of circumstances". Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - Analysis and critique the approach of new Mu'atzelians towards sectarian conflicts and differences in Islamic culture with emphasis on the thoughts of Mohammad Arkoun, Nusrahamd Abu Zayed, Abdul Aziz al-Duri and Mohammad Abed al-Jaberi
  Seyyed Mohammad Ali  Nouri علی آقانوری
  In the Muslim world, the unity between Shi'a and Sunni plays an essential role and it has particular importance. But without recognizing the factors of conflict between Shi'a and Sunni, cannot getting to a lasting unity. Therefore, it must scientifically recognize the i More

  In the Muslim world, the unity between Shi'a and Sunni plays an essential role and it has particular importance. But without recognizing the factors of conflict between Shi'a and Sunni, cannot getting to a lasting unity. Therefore, it must scientifically recognize the ideological, historical and political origins of the differences between Shiite and Sunni. The main subject of this paper is to analyze and critique the differences between Shi'a and Sunni in the New Motazalian. The main question of this study is what is analyzed and criticize of differences between Shiite and Sunni in point of new Mu'tazilites? Regarding the researches have done that by new Motazalians about the differences between Shiite and Sunni, the purpose of this study is to understand and study the factors of difference between Shiite and Sunni in terms of these scholars, which we will finally criticize their ideas. The method of this research is Analytical-Descriptive. The present study aims at criticizing and analyzing the factors and roots of Shiite and Sunni differences from the new Motazalian perspective. The new view of the Mu'tazilites, like any other thinker, has the strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, we will criticize these views. In this research, we at first studied the division of Shi'a and Sunni differences and then studied new views of the Mu'atzelians about the roots of Shiite and Sunni differences, and then we discuss the factors of difference between Shi'a and Sunni, and then analyze the factors we will discuss them. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - The Subtle Mind (The Status of Intellectual and Exalted Wisdom)
  Mohammad Javad  Rudgar Ali  Mardan Khatibi
  Animal pain and suffering in the domain of nature are In the worldview, the wisdom of martyr Motahhari's master is of prime status and superior position in the field of religion and religiosity, in such a way that the master of martyr believed that in Islam, originality More

  Animal pain and suffering in the domain of nature are In the worldview, the wisdom of martyr Motahhari's master is of prime status and superior position in the field of religion and religiosity, in such a way that the master of martyr believed that in Islam, originality is from that intellect. It is with wisdom that religion is known and recognized. Reason has a transcendental role in religious understanding and pain. The mystery of such dignity and the use of reason in the areas and levels of religion and religiosity is rational in rationalism of Islam and Islam, and Shi'i Islam is in fact an Islam of reason and rationality without extremes in all theoretical and practical spheres. The question now is: what is the position of the master of martyr Motahhari Aql in the radius of vision and the horizons of orientation and how they express and explain the position of the Islamic flows (Shi'a and Nietzali) in the application of reason? The present paper answers the above question After an introduction, he examined and processed the two methods of reporting and research and looked at Shahid Motahari's professor's attitude toward Shi'i has been described and interpreted. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  5 - Reviewing and criticizing Orientalists' views on the virtues of Ahlul-Bayt (AS)
  Mohammad jahadi alireza saberyan reza kohsari
  The present article explores the important question with Orientalists about Shi'a and Ahlul-Bayt (AS), what is the oriental view of the virtues of the Ahlul Bayt (as) and what are the implications of their opinions? After explaining and analyzing various Orientalists' v More

  The present article explores the important question with Orientalists about Shi'a and Ahlul-Bayt (AS), what is the oriental view of the virtues of the Ahlul Bayt (as) and what are the implications of their opinions? After explaining and analyzing various Orientalists' views, the author believes that they did not have the same motives and positions in this regard. Among the three general admirable, fair, and biased views of the Ahlul Bayt of infallibility and purity (AS) The goals of colonialism, Islamophobia and Islamophobia, and on the other hand, their lack of mastery and full familiarity with authentic religious texts and the rich and rich history of the Shi'a school, more than any other issue. Therefore, considering that the reputation of the Shiite Imams has never been limited to the Muslim religious space, the author of the article, using the limited resources available, intends to present, in spite of the shortcomings and shortcomings of the Oriental writings in this field, the introduction of each What more is Lebanon Mohammadi (PBUH) and the Universal School of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS). It is worth noting that the research method in this research is library and analytical descriptive.. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  6 - The Religious Approach of Iranian encyclopedia in Facing with Western Islamic Studies: A Comparative Study of the Articles of Shiite Theology, the Declaration of Imamieh, and Iranian Topics in Iranian and Western Encyclopedia
  Seyyed Ahmad Hoseinzadeh fereshteh sepehr zohreh mirhoseini Bahram Parvin Gonabadi
  There was no purely scientific criterion in Western Islamic studies in the form of an encyclopedia. The aims of post-colonial Western studies, the methodology, and the unbalanced pay-off of religious beliefs in Islam are sympathetic to this claim. After the Islamic Revo More

  There was no purely scientific criterion in Western Islamic studies in the form of an encyclopedia. The aims of post-colonial Western studies, the methodology, and the unbalanced pay-off of religious beliefs in Islam are sympathetic to this claim. After the Islamic Revolution, the encyclopedias compiling in Islam aims to offset the shortcomings of Western research by adopting a normative study approach and a defensive and discursive approach, pursuing Shiite and Iranian identity aspirations, such as specifying the type, amount, and citations of entries in Iranian Encycloperias, It went beyond mere encyclopedic standards and included elements such as completeness and belief motives. Investigating the distribution of references, diversity of sources and the quantity of theological entries in the encyclopedia of Islam (as a Western example) in comparison with the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam (as an Iranian example) in terms of attention to Shia intelle.ctual and cultural heritage (specifically Shiite theology and Imamiyyah elements) is significantly different. In the encyclopedia of Islam, theological entries are limited to 404 entries, while in the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam there are 749 entries, and it has concentetated on Shiite theology entries and Iranian topics, independently and extensively. Theological articles in the Encyclopedia of Islam do not refer to any Shiite sources and all references are Sunni sources, while the religious distribution of the sources in the Encyclopedia of the World of Islam does not suffer from this contradiction. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  7 - levels of the epistemological authority of Hazrat Fatemeh (PBUH)
  Narges  Rudgar
  The purpose of this study is to investigate the levels of epistemological authority of Hazrat Fatemeh Zahra. Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) due to her dignity of guardianship and infallibility, like a ladder that is connected to the Divine Throne, benehits the inhabitants of diffe More

  The purpose of this study is to investigate the levels of epistemological authority of Hazrat Fatemeh Zahra. Hazrat Zahra (PBUH) due to her dignity of guardianship and infallibility, like a ladder that is connected to the Divine Throne, benehits the inhabitants of different degrees of existence from her epistemological clarity according to their rank and rank. N. This benefit starts from the epistemological level and continues to the highest level, in a way that the special divine guardians and the Imams of the Infallibles (AS) also benefit from her knowledge. The present study, with this hypothesis, explores and analyzes the different levels of the epistemological authority of Hazrat Siddique Tahereh and by relying on verses and hadiths and citing historical manuscripts as well as Sunni and Shiite interpretations and analyzes of Islamologists. Both Shiites and Sunnis are trying to answer this question "what are the levels and levels of the epistemological authority of Hazrat Fatemeh Zahra (PBUH) in the Islamic world and how is this epistemological authority analyzed at different levels?" Accordingly, this authority has been classified and analyzed in three levels: 1. Muslim community 2. Shiite 3. Ahl al-Bayt (as), by qualitative research method. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  8 - Ruling Divorce: Quranic Principles and Reasons
  Seyyed MohammadKazem  Hoseini Faezeh  Moghtadaee
  Women's Rights and the Issue of Women's Rights in Divorce in the commentaries on verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, there are common concepts and interpretations between Shiite and Sunni jurists. The two well-known concepts of abstinence in the interpretations of th More

  Women's Rights and the Issue of Women's Rights in Divorce in the commentaries on verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, there are common concepts and interpretations between Shiite and Sunni jurists. The two well-known concepts of abstinence in the interpretations of the differences refer to the divorce of the Shari'a and the right of a woman to divorce in times of hardship. The famous word is used 38 times in the Holy Quran, 15 of which are related to family and marriage. In verses 228 to 241 of Surah Al-Baqarah, the famous word is repeated 12 times and emphasizes the importance of rulings such as' iddah, divorce, breastfeeding, etc., so that it does not exceed the shari'ah limits and is treated according to the famous (confirmation of sharia and custom). The legal provisions of the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran are also taken from the verses related to divorce and include the well-known principles in women's rights and divorce and allow the rulers to issue a divorce decree if the conditions for this type of divorce are approved. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  9 - An interpretation of the concept of Zandiq and anti-Zandiq in the Abbasid era based on Fabors theory
  Shahnaz   Yazdan Panah Reza   Dehghani Nematullah   Ahmadi Nasab
  Atheism in the Abbasid era had a different meaning and a broader implication than the previous periods. During this period, the term atheist did not refer to a disbeliever in God or a denier of prophethood. Rather, from the perspective of the caliphs and their agents, t More

  Atheism in the Abbasid era had a different meaning and a broader implication than the previous periods. During this period, the term atheist did not refer to a disbeliever in God or a denier of prophethood. Rather, from the perspective of the caliphs and their agents, the atheists and the heretics, were those whose political and religious attitudes and beliefs were in conflict with the religion of Islam. The caliphs considered their suppression necessary and lawful in order to guard the Sharia and preserve the unity of the Islamic Ummah. These heretics were from different social groups with different viewpoints. Atheistic thought manifested in the form of political and social movements and fighting against them was the most important concern of the Caliphs. Although many of them were not religious in nature, but yet, they had cultural and economic aspects. This article seeks to answer the question, why did the Abbasids always try to connect the the various movements and intellectual thoughts with the two pillars of religion and hereticism (Zandiqgari) In this article, Lucien Faber's theory is used to understand the concept of Zandiqgari. In her famous book, Fabor analyzed atheism in the Middle Ages and examined it from a social and political point of view. The purpose of this research is to analyze the approaches of the caliphs and the thinkers of the Abbasid era in the fight against Zindiqism and their relationship with the mindset and the belief structure that governed their society. Causal and library research methods were used for analysis in this artictle. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  10 - The effectiveness of the moral behavior of Iranians from the presence of Imam Reza (AS) in Iran
  Omran Gasemi kolashlu Davoud Esfahanian mahbub mahdavian Masomeh Gharadaghi
  <p>With the emigration of Imam Reza (a.s.), places of pilgrimage and worship were established in Iran, which can be referred to as the construction of buildings such as mosques and seminaries centered on Shiite culture. The migration of Sadat after the arrival of Imam R More

  <p>With the emigration of Imam Reza (a.s.), places of pilgrimage and worship were established in Iran, which can be referred to as the construction of buildings such as mosques and seminaries centered on Shiite culture. The migration of Sadat after the arrival of Imam Reza (a.s.) to Iran, which was later persecuted by the Abbasids and many of them were martyred in different cities, and the tombs of each became a focus for Shiite culture and spread Shiism. The blessed tombs in Iran is a manifestation of the ideals of Shiism that was rooted in Islam and in fact it is considered a huge support for the high standards and values of the Shiite school. The main question of this research is what effect did the presence of Imam Reza in Iran have on the moral behavior of the people? The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The results of this research show that with the presence of Imam Reza (a.s.) in Iran, people were guided towards spirituality, and after his martyrdom, the people of Iran were invited by promoting the culture of pilgrimage and the presence of Sadat. They found an increasing growth in spirituality. After the martyrdom of Imam Reza, his friends and Shiites noticed his pilgrimage, and gradually places of pilgrimage and worship appeared in Mashhad, and different classes of people, especially Shiite scholars, settled there.</p> Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  11 - A reflection on the interpretation of similar verses in Shia commentary texts
  Muhaddith  Taqvai Nakhjiri Seyyed Taghi  Kabiri Fatemeh   Khalili
  <p>Dividing the verses of the Qur'an into strong and similar has been the preparation of the holy law in the seventh blessed verse of Surah Al-Imran. But this separation in the beginning set the stage for different opinions and opinions about the interpretation and inte More

  <p>Dividing the verses of the Qur'an into strong and similar has been the preparation of the holy law in the seventh blessed verse of Surah Al-Imran. But this separation in the beginning set the stage for different opinions and opinions about the interpretation and interpretation of similar verses. Courts are not subject to such sensitivity due to the direct, emphatic and explicit reference. But considering the hidden religious, religious, epistemological and scientific characteristics in similar verses, research on these verses is always necessary and important. Understanding the importance of this issue, the present research, using a qualitative method and based on descriptive-analytical approach, has discussed some considerations about the interpretation of similar verses in Shiite exegetical texts. The results of the discussion show that, first of all, most commentators of the Qur'an try to base the interpretation of the parallels on the basis of what is clearly and strictly defined in the verses. Also, some of these interpretations, according to the mystical, philosophical or religious epistemology they are inclined towards, try to reveal the metaphorical and figurative forms that are hidden in the heart of these verses with such tendencies. Reflecting on the type of similarity that exists in these verses is a common feature of all exegetical texts, that is, they pay special attention to the reason for the similarity based on whether it is appropriate, complete, or difficult.</p> Manuscript profile