List of Articles Protein

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - Converting protein sequence to image for classification with convolutional neural network
  reza ahsan mansour ebrahimi dianat dianat
  Since methods for sequencing machine learning sequences were not successful in classifying healthy and cancerous proteins, it is imperative to find a way to represent these sequences to classify healthy and ill individuals with deep learning approaches. In this study di More

  Since methods for sequencing machine learning sequences were not successful in classifying healthy and cancerous proteins, it is imperative to find a way to represent these sequences to classify healthy and ill individuals with deep learning approaches. In this study different methods of protein sequence representation for classification of protein sequence of healthy individuals and leukemia have been studied. Results showed that conversion of amino acid letters to one-dimensional feature vectors in classification of 2 classes was not successful and only one disease class was detected. By changing the feature vector to colored numbers, the accuracy of the healthy class recognition was slightly improved. The binary protein sequence representation method was more efficient than the previous methods with the initiative of sequencing the sequences in both one-dimensional and two-dimensional (image by Gabor filtering). Protein sequence representation as binary image was classified by applying Gabor filter with 100% accuracy of the protein sequence of healthy individuals and 98.6% protein sequence of those with leukemia. The findings of this study showed that the representation of protein sequence as binary image by applying Gabor filter can be used as a new effective method for representation of protein sequences for classification Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Effect of Iso–Caloric Sago and Soy Supplementations during 90 Minutes Steady–State Cycling on Subsequent 20–km Cycling Time Trial Performance in the Heat
  Daniel Tarmast Asok Kumar   Ghosh Chee Keong  Chen
  10.61186/jspac.21112.1.2.1
  Background: In Asian countries, like Malaysia, India, and Thailand, sago (SA) is frequently used as daily food. The use of local daily food as supplements over expensive drinks is cost–effective for athletes. Hence, SA (carbohydrate) could be recommended as affordable n More

  Background: In Asian countries, like Malaysia, India, and Thailand, sago (SA) is frequently used as daily food. The use of local daily food as supplements over expensive drinks is cost–effective for athletes. Hence, SA (carbohydrate) could be recommended as affordable nutrition ingestion. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of SA, Soy (SO) protein, Sago+Soy (SS) supplementation (combination of carbohydrate and protein), and placebo (PL) during moderate–intensity cycling on subsequent 20–km time trial performance. Materials and Methods: The participants were 12 young male well–trained cyclists from Malaysia. They pedaled at 60% of VO2max for 90 min followed by a 20–km time trial (TT) in the heat. At 20 min intervals during cycling at 60% VO2max, participants consumed either SA, SO, SS, or a PL. The SA, SO, and SS feedings provided 7.5% SA, 7.5% SO, and 7.5% SA+1.5% SO respectively to drink iso–caloric beverages with an estimated energy level ~300 kcal. The average speed and cadence were also recorded during the TT. Results: Time taken for TT for SA, SO, SS, and PL were 42.8±1.8 min, 46.3±2.6 min, 42.7±2.3 min, and 43.2±1.8 min respectively. The TT performance, speed, and cadence of the cyclists did not exhibit any significant differences among the three trials. Conclusion: These data indicated that consumption of sago and soy, and iso–caloric SS (coingestion of sago and soy) during steady–state ride failed to improve the subsequent cycling performance in the heat. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  3 - Authoritarian Leadership and Decrease in Protein Talent: An Analysis of the Mediating Role of Bureaucratic Culture (Case Study: State-Owned Pharmaceutical Companies)
  reza sepahvand Mohammad hakkak masood sepahvand fariborz fathichegini
  bureaucratic culture on the reduction of protein talent of R&D staff in state-owned pharmaceutical companies. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the research data show that authoritarian leaders consider employees as inherently lazy and responsible as the X-McG More

  bureaucratic culture on the reduction of protein talent of R&D staff in state-owned pharmaceutical companies. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the research data show that authoritarian leaders consider employees as inherently lazy and responsible as the X-McGregor theory and try to bring about bureaucratic culture in their organization under their strict control. . In such an environment, no diversification of work and promotion of excessive skill and knowledge are required, and any effort beyond the established standards will result in severe penalties. Therefore, the process of nurturing protein talent in such an organization is definitely going downhill, and even if one sets his or her career path apart from organizational goals, he or she will face severe penalties or be forced out of the organization. Unwittingly provided. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  4 - Effect of 8-week metabolic resistance training and Chlorogenic acid supplement on the expression of UCP1: A randomized clinical trial
  Maryam Takhty Farshad   Ghazalian Shahram  Soheili khosrow  Ebrahim
  10.52547/jspac.40308.3.7.50
  Background: Obesity and overweight is one of the major public health challenges all around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on weight More

  Background: Obesity and overweight is one of the major public health challenges all around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on weight loss, expression level of UCP1in overweight women. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomized clinical trial performed in 2022 on a sample of overweight women in Iran. Participants in the study were randomly divided into four groups including combined 8-week course of MRT training and CGA supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: In the MRT exercise group, UCP1 expression increased by 4.3 units on average over the 8-week intervention. The highest increase was observed in participants who received both CGA supplement and MRT exercise where UCP1 increased from 22.5 (1.2) to 28.0 (3.5) over the study period (P<0.05). No significant increase was observed in CGA supplementation group. Conclusion: MRT exercises with and without CGA supplementation stimulated expression level of UCP1 mRNA. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  5 - Effect of 8-week simultaneous metabolic resistance training and Chlorogenic acid supplement on the expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7: A randomized open label clinical trial
  Maryam Takhty Farshad  Ghazalian Shahram   Soheili khosrow   Ebrahim
  Background: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resis More

  Background: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Materials and Methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Abstract Background and Objective: BMP has critical role in development, growth, and differentiation of cell. There is enough evidence regarding the role of BMPs in lipid accumulation and homeostasis The current study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on expression level of BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7 in overweight women. Material and methods: We carried-out a randomized clinical trial performed on 40 overweight women in Iran 2020. We randomly assigned the study participants into four groups including combined 8-week course of metabolic resistance training (MRT) training and 400 mg chlorogenic acid (CGA) supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three MRT training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The training exercise intervention was 10 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of metabolic resistance training, and 5 minutes of cool-down. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of BMP2,4,6, and 7 was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention. Results: We observed significant decrease in BMP2 level in combined intervention group in compared with the control group (Regression coefficient= -2.7, 95% CI=-5.0, -0.4). Moreover, we observed that combined intervention has decreased BMP4 level and the observed difference was statistically significant (Regression coefficient= -6.2, -1.7, -10.6). No significant effect for MRT and CGA group was reported regarding BMP2, and BMP4. Neither combined nor separate form of CGA and MRT had no significant effect on BMP6 and BMP7 (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous MRT exercises and CGA supplementation prohibited expression levels of BMP2, and BMP4. However, they had no significant effect separately. There was no association between the interventions and expression level of BMP6, and BMP7. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  6 - Effect of Carbohydrate, Protein and Their Combined Supplementations on Cycling Performance: A Brief Review
  Daniel Tarmast Asok Kumar Ghosh
  This review illustrates the impact of carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRO) supplementation on cycling performance. Strategic nutritional planning greatly benefits endurance athletes, particularly cyclists, as it underscores the critical role of macronutrient consumption More

  This review illustrates the impact of carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRO) supplementation on cycling performance. Strategic nutritional planning greatly benefits endurance athletes, particularly cyclists, as it underscores the critical role of macronutrient consumption in improving on the track/road performance and recovery. CHO is the primary energy source for prolonged cycling, as they are crucial for preserving optimal performance by preventing glycogen depletion and delaying fatigue. The efficacy of CHO is significantly influenced by their glycemic index (GI). High-GI CHO offers a rapid energy source that facilitates muscle glycogen resynthesis and sustained performance. Research suggests that high-GI CHO can increase muscle glycogen levels by up to 40% within four hours, underscoring their significance during and after pedaling. PRO, although not the primary energy source, is essential for synthesizing and repairing muscles, particularly during prolonged and intensive cycling. Incorporating essential amino acids to facilitate recovery is imperative, as they aid in muscle protein synthesis and mitigate muscle fatigue. Recent studies have demonstrated that PRO supplements, especially after pedaling, significantly enhance muscle glycogen and protein synthesis replenishment, leading to quicker recovery and improved performance during cycling sessions. The synergistic benefits of the combined supplementation of CHO and PRO are greater than those of each macronutrient alone. This combination improves endurance, delays fatigue, and ensures more efficient recovery by increasing glycogen storage, accelerating recovery, and enhancing muscle protein synthesis. The optimization of the benefits of these supplements is contingent upon the timing, dosage, and composition. Glycogen replenishment and muscle protein synthesis are optimized by consuming CHO and PRO immediately prior to and following exercise. This is particularly true for high-GI carbohydrates, such as glucose, and swiftly assimilated PRO, such as whey. In conclusion, this review provides practical recommendations for cyclists seeking to optimize their nutritional strategies by synthesizing findings from various studies. Cyclists can enhance their overall performance and achieve long-term athletic success by developing effective dietary plans that improve endurance, defer fatigue, and facilitate efficient recovery, facilitated by understanding the complex interactions between these macronutrients. Manuscript profile