Paradigm

Open Access Article

1 - A critical look at Farsi grammar (2)
سعيد دامني

Various types of grammar have been written on Farsi language and different viewpoints have also been put forward on the “sentence” and “word” elements and features. Variety of the materials generally leads students and those learning Farsi language to the fact that ther More

Various types of grammar have been written on Farsi language and different viewpoints have also been put forward on the “sentence” and “word” elements and features. Variety of the materials generally leads students and those learning Farsi language to the fact that there is no fixed rules and regulations for Farsi language and disagreements on the issue is a must. All are looking for a source in which they can find the scientific procedures in this regards. This article tries to make the readers familiarized with Farsi grammar and to have a look at all the grammars written in this area. Definition of the grammar from a scientific viewpoint and up-to-now written grammars on Farsi also their merits and demerits have been scattered throughout the article. In fact, strong-points and weak-points of the traditionalists and linguists have been dealt with by criticizing the grammar 2 in applied way. All the critics are made based on the scientific linguistic viewpoint. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Political Theory: A Paradigmatic Approach
A m

Political Thought is usually applied to the commentaries on political Ideas and concepts. There should, however, be a distinction between political ideas and the commentaries and explanation of such ideas. In fact such commentaries should be called “Political Theories”, More

Political Thought is usually applied to the commentaries on political Ideas and concepts. There should, however, be a distinction between political ideas and the commentaries and explanation of such ideas. In fact such commentaries should be called “Political Theories”, for they explain political thoughts and concepts and elaborate on issues regarding normative thought. In this article, after discussing some major political theories, a paradigmatic theory is introduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Possibility of Paradigm Analysis in Political Philosophy of Farabi
منصور میراحمدی Meisam Ghahreman

So far, the political philosophy of Farabi has been thoroughly studied from different perspective; however, paradigm analysis is one of the approaches which are considerably influential and practical in this regard. The aim of present research isto investigate the possi More

So far, the political philosophy of Farabi has been thoroughly studied from different perspective; however, paradigm analysis is one of the approaches which are considerably influential and practical in this regard. The aim of present research isto investigate the possibility of paradigm analysis in political philosophy of Farabi; in other words, we will examine whether five-aspect analysis and presuppositions of Farabi would able the researchers to have a paradigm analysis or not. The study hypothesis says that this matter is possible since such an analysis not only distinguishes the principles of ontology, epistemology, anthropology, sociology (knowledge of community)and teleology, but it also enables the depiction of a meaningfully logical line among these factors and consequently among the components of the political philosophy of Farabi. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Plato's Utopia in the Paradigmatic Narrative (Based on the Republic’s Dialogue)
حجت زمانی راد Mohammad کمالی گوکی Abolfazl Shakoori

Ontology, epistemology and anthropology are considered as the basis for any theory in the humanities, as there is no theory, explicit or implicit, that is not based on these basic metaphysical principles. Also, the political thought as a normative concept, always arises More

Ontology, epistemology and anthropology are considered as the basis for any theory in the humanities, as there is no theory, explicit or implicit, that is not based on these basic metaphysical principles. Also, the political thought as a normative concept, always arises in relation to the context and the time and its contemporary crisis, reflecting these crises and based on the fundamental philosophical foundations, determine its favorable conditions that derived from normative criteria and articulates, its specific formations from patterns of authority. Comparing ideas in political thought with each other that can be based on their metaphysical principles and norms, is considered to be a category of political thought. According to such a process of political theory, political thought is a paradigmatic narrative. This article seeks to provide a the Paradigmatic Narrative from political thought of Plato, based on the Republic's dialogue. And by demonstrating the metaphysical fundamentals of his contemporary crisis, analysis the positive and negative ratio of plato's utopia with those crisis and fundamentals. The moral crisis and the decline of Athens in the Peloponnesian War and the emergence of sophists, remains the central crisis of Plato. The idea world is located in the center of Plato's epistemology and ontology. The Platonic utopia is based on the philosopher-king rule, that was following the presidential paradigm, only will be understood through Plato’s contemporary crisis and his methaphysical foundations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The investigation of social capital concept in triple paradigms of development (modernization, dependence, global system)
Saeed Attar

this paper tries to answer this question that in which of the main development paradigms (modernization, dependence, global system), the concept of social capital and its constituents have been given attention? For answering this question, first of all, the comprehensiv More

this paper tries to answer this question that in which of the main development paradigms (modernization, dependence, global system), the concept of social capital and its constituents have been given attention? For answering this question, first of all, the comprehensive definition of social capital is presented. then considering this definition and through definition and analytic method, and via the data gathering instruments in existing librarian sources ,the writings of most prominent intellectuals of these paradigms are studied. The findings of the research shows that the social capital in recent tendencies of modernization paradigm, because of the attitude toward faculties and internal factors(introspection) and emphasizing social and cultural variables in the development procedure of countries, has been focused to some extent. The relative commitment of modernization paradigm toward social capital, can be considered as its forte (strong point) and make its endurance possible in golden age of social capital Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Kuhnian and Lakatosian's Political Order: Flexible or Hard?
mohamad ali tavana خلیل اله سردارنیا

Kuhn's paradigm and Lakatos's scientific research program, as two competing methodological traditions, created new perspectives on the history of science and knowledge/truth. This article tries to bridge the methodology of these two historians of science to theoretical More

Kuhn's paradigm and Lakatos's scientific research program, as two competing methodological traditions, created new perspectives on the history of science and knowledge/truth. This article tries to bridge the methodology of these two historians of science to theoretical politics, and raises the following questions: What political order does Kuhn and Lakatos's methodology imply? Is this political order hard (rigid) or soft (flexible)? How do these political orders change? This article tries to answer these questions based on the principle of compatibility (compatibility of results with basic principles). This article shows that the Kuhnian and Lakatosian's political order are both based on competition and conflict; But once established, they create a hard to semi-rigid order, the former accepting pluralism and change (reform) only within the framework of the hegemonic paradigm, and the latter merely on marginal issues that are not dangerous to the hard core of power. Nevertheless, the revolution in Kuhnian's political order is a little easier than Lakatosian's. Kuhn's relativistic methodology accepts that there is no superior substantive order; Thus, in a critical situation, that is, the loss of efficiency and the consensus of the elites, we can move towards a new order. But Lakatosian's historiographical methodology creates a more conservative order; Because he emphasizes that the hard core of the political order must be given the opportunity to reveal all its potential in the context of history, and it can only give way to a new political order if it does not produce empirical and theoretical content. In general, these orders are anti-dissident. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Studying the linguistic context and paradigm in Zoroastrian’s political thought
shoja ahmadvand Mehdi Bakhshi

The period of Sassanid rule in terms of religious history is the most important period of ancient Iran. In this period, the government takes on a completely religious aspect, and a great change takes place that affects the religion and national customs of the Iranians. More

The period of Sassanid rule in terms of religious history is the most important period of ancient Iran. In this period, the government takes on a completely religious aspect, and a great change takes place that affects the religion and national customs of the Iranians. Zoroastrian thought is very important in this period, so understanding Zoroastrian political thought is not possible without establishing a connection between the historical and political conditions of the formation and continuation of the Sassanid Empire and the linguistic paradigm of Zoroastrian political theology. Thus, first, the context and then the dominant linguistic paradigm in this historical period must be examined. The purpose of this article is to examine Zoroaster and his religion in the context of historical and political developments. The basis of this article is: to provide an analysis of the historical and political conditions of Iran in the Sassanid era, to study the political theology of Zarathustra as the dominant linguistic paradigm of that period, and to understand the political thought of the Prophet Zarathustra through this. The method of the article is John Pocock’s historiography in which history has a central place and by studying the historical and political context, on the one hand, and the dominant linguistic paradigms, on the other hand, a common context is formed between the historian or the reader and writer in which the mentioned text can be understood. Of course, efforts will be made to analyze these elements through the analysis of the content of the important book of Zoroaster, the Avesta. The findings of this article show that the religion of Zoroaster was the founder and shaper of the civilization of ancient Iran and the components of the linguistic paradigm of Zoroastrian political thought, called for the establishment of a strong and glorious prince in Iran. The article concludes that considering the historical-political conditions of Iran at the beginning of the Sassanid dynasty, and based on the linguistic paradigm of Zoroastrian political thought, ArdeshirBabakan used Zoroastrian religion to gain power and unite Iranians and also the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A Model for Mobile Code Computing Paradigms in Computer Networks
Hojatallah Hamidi Maryam Parvini

10.7508/jist.2017.17.002

This paper presents a reliable model for mobile codes in distributed networks, which represents reliable mobile agent execution. The model ensures non-blocking mobile agent execution and forces the once property without relying on correct fault detection. A mobile agent More

This paper presents a reliable model for mobile codes in distributed networks, which represents reliable mobile agent execution. The model ensures non-blocking mobile agent execution and forces the once property without relying on correct fault detection. A mobile agent execution is blocking if a fault of agent prevents the agent from continuing in its execution. The once problem is related to non-blocking in the sense that solutions to the latter may lead to multiple executions of the mobile agent. A solution to reliable mobile agent execution needs to ensure both the non-blocking and once properties. The analytical results show new theoretical perceptions into the statistical behaviors of mobile agents and provide useful tools for executing mobile agents in networks. The results show that agents' behavior is influenced by places' characteristics and the agents' behavior can be managed to network. In this paper, we analyzed the average time consuming of mobile agents between two places. The approach, Fault-Tolerant approach for mobile codes offers a user-transparent fault tolerance which can be selected by the user for every single application given to the environment. Thereby, the user can decide for every application weather it has to be treated fault-tolerant or not. We proposed a reliable execution model of mobile codes and analyzed the life expectancy, including the average time consuming of mobile agents between two places, the average number of places agents will visit, and the agents' life expectancy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Divine Paradigm Explanation for Environment and Natural Resources Preservation Education
Mansour shahvali

Environment and Natural resources destruction is rooted in modern man’ paradigm and his relationship with himself and the universe. This happened because of technology intensive use as well as ignorance of traditions; however, these two led to environmental crisis. To r More

Environment and Natural resources destruction is rooted in modern man’ paradigm and his relationship with himself and the universe. This happened because of technology intensive use as well as ignorance of traditions; however, these two led to environmental crisis. To resolve this problem, the mankind must change his behavior morally according to a divine paradigm. In this study, Two methods were used: the document review method was to study natural resources preservation education literatures. The explanation method was used to explain why we need a divine paradigm for preservation of natural resources education .The outcomes of this study are explaining ontology, epistemology, methodology, anthropology and axiology of divine paradigm for preservation of Environment and natural resources education. Although the various ways are recommended to prevent crises in natural resources context however, Environment and natural resources researchers and planners believe that relying only on technical advices is not essentially applicable. Because these crises represent a human tragedy: ignorance of God Who is creator of the universe. For this reason a divine paradigm based on "Analytical/scientific knowledge", "Metaphysical Knowledge" and "Religious/ethical Knowledge" is essential. This paradigm can be used by planners and officials for preservation of Environment and natural resources education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - A model of Human Resource Development in the public organizations of Iran by new public services approach (Case study: Ministry of Energy)
Seyed Saeed Hosseini

Recognizing the dimensions of human resource development and providing logical solutions for their empowerment and development, considering the requirements of the new public services approach, is one of the most important tasks of the managers of governmental organizat More

Recognizing the dimensions of human resource development and providing logical solutions for their empowerment and development, considering the requirements of the new public services approach, is one of the most important tasks of the managers of governmental organizations. The purpose of this study is to design a human resources development model in governmental agencies with a new public services approach. The statistical population of this research is qualitative research including heads of departments and senior experts of the headquarters of the Ministry of Energy in Tehran, in addition to, professors and experts in human resource management at universities. The sample needed for structured interviews to theoretical saturation and through targeted trial sampling was compiled. A total of 16 data were collected. In order to analyze the qualitative data, the grounded theory was used. Out of 267 subcategories extracted from verbal propositions, 43 categories were considered, which formed the paradigmic model of human resource development with the new public services approach. In this way, 20 subcategories, 4 categories of causal conditions, 30 subcategories, 5 categories of field conditions, 33 subcategories, 8 interfering factors, 24 subcategories, 4 categories of phenomena, 102 subcategories, 17 categories The core of the strategies, and 58 subcategories, comprised four core categories of HR outcomes with the new public services approach. It was found that the development of human resources with a new public service approach consists of four key components of human resource participation in organizational decision-making, the development of human resource competencies, human resource training, and human resource empowerment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Describing philosophical foundations and the assumptions of science role in the knowledge production and problem- solving methodologies and methods in the branches of industrial engineering
Alireza Aliahmadi

The structure of human knowledge in the fields of humanities and social sciences, including management as a discipline, consists of philosophical assumptions and foundations, scientific principles and theories, and the and practical achievements for solving problems. Th More

The structure of human knowledge in the fields of humanities and social sciences, including management as a discipline, consists of philosophical assumptions and foundations, scientific principles and theories, and the and practical achievements for solving problems. The philosophical foundations of every knowledge are conventionally composed of elements of value, epistemology, ontology, anthropology, and methodology, which are referred to as the components of scientific paradigm. The new philosophy trend in the recent centuries, has shifted from the positivist paradigm to critical and interpretative paradigms, and is shaped into the context of the postmodern paradigm, the pragmatism tradition, and the complexity theory. Each of the above scientific paradigms has foundations in values, epistemology, ontology, anthropology, methodology and its own research methods. This means that today's knowledge in each field, due to the effects of each conventional philosophy of science paradigms, has led to the production of different scientific principles and theories and the distinctive applied achievements. So, opinions and ideas of the thinkers in each field are different. The shifting paradigm from positivism to interpretativeism not only has contributed to the fields of humanities and social sciences, but also effects the fields of science and engineering, such as, the emergence of fuzzy logic along with mathematical logic in the field of basic sciences, quantum mechanics view alongside Newtonian mechanics in the field of engineering. In this paper, we seek to recognize the knowledge developments roots in the branches of industrial engineering, such as the development of "hard operations research", " soft operations research " and "hard systems to soft systems thinking" and "statistical quality control" To "Total Quality Management". Under the influence of paradigmatic changes, developments have taken place in other branches of knowledge forming the industrial engineering as an interdisciplinary scientific discipline for the future. We also examine the systemic methods paradigmatic foundations influenced by the above paradigms and examine how to influence the methods of analysis and problem-solving methods with respect to the differences in their basics, philosophies and paradigms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Feasibility Study of Education Implementation through Mobile in Tehran Municipality
Seyed Mohsen Tabatabaei Mozdabadi

Modern methods of education such as distance education are considered nowadays due to numerous and varied educational needs of organizations on the one hand and the high costs and spending lots of time for education on the other hand . In the meantime it has been accel More

Modern methods of education such as distance education are considered nowadays due to numerous and varied educational needs of organizations on the one hand and the high costs and spending lots of time for education on the other hand . In the meantime it has been accelerated by rapid progresses in technology. This research attempts to study the implementation feasibility of education through mobile as one of subsets of distance education in Tehran municipality. Statistical population of the research was consisted of financial and administrative staff in Tehran municipality. 330 persons were selected among the statistical population as the sample size randomly. The tool for data collection was questionnaire which its validity and reliability has confirmed by standard methods. The single-sample T-test and Friedman test were used for analyzing the data. The results show that Tehran municipality has essential preparation for education implementation through mobile respectively from learner, social and instrumental aspects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Recognizing the Effective Factors Affecting Human Resource Development (Case study: A Single Provincial Agency SID)

With the emergence of the knowledge economy, human capabilities known as the Attitude change and variety of insight may enhance or reduce development of human resource in organization. Thus it needs rethinking how to provide human resource development. The aim of curren More

With the emergence of the knowledge economy, human capabilities known as the Attitude change and variety of insight may enhance or reduce development of human resource in organization. Thus it needs rethinking how to provide human resource development. The aim of current paper is to reorganize effective mental factors and patterns or to explain the dominant mental paradigm for human resource development. The statistical society is experts of SID Organization in a province of Iran. According to the aim of study Q methodology was used and its performance of steps presented 7 effective factors. Based on the results of factor analysis, statistical or new roles for community research unit or experts are provided. Weaknesses that leads to a decrease in human resource development, has also been explained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A review of paradigms and schools in the science of geography
Majid Zarifian

Paradigm in science means (point of view, pattern, example, etc.). Paradigms flow like blood in the veins of different sciences. Paradigms coordinate and direct the activities of scientists in each discipline. Paying too much attention to a paradigm can spread prejudice More

Paradigm in science means (point of view, pattern, example, etc.). Paradigms flow like blood in the veins of different sciences. Paradigms coordinate and direct the activities of scientists in each discipline. Paying too much attention to a paradigm can spread prejudice, and if this prejudice penetrates at the level of society and government, it will cause the country to lag behind in the development path. Paradigms are always changing and evolving (fixed and stable). New paradigms are born by people with genius, brave and bold. The change and transformation of paradigms leads to the transformation of sciences. The history of the school and its evolution. The entry of space discussion into the science of geography happened at the same time as the project of new geography in geography circles. In fact, it can be said that beginning in 1928, the American geographer Robert Platt emphasized a lot on regional or spatial dependencies. And after him, other geographers used the spatial tradition, but the practical work in the spatial perspective was entered into geography by Edward Ullman and Fred Kord Schiffer. Walter Kristaler, Alfred Weber and Van Tonen opened new horizons in geography. In the early 1950s, Schiffer considers geography to be "the science of the spatial arrangement of phenomena" and introduces logical positivism into geographical studies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Paradigmatic Shifts and the Emergence of the Modern Western Nation-State
Saeed Attar Mohammad kamalizadeh

In this research, we aim to trace the various paths that ultimately led to the emergence of the modern nation-state and its implications in contemporary political structures worldwide. What we now recognize as the modern nation-state, which continues to exist in various More

In this research, we aim to trace the various paths that ultimately led to the emergence of the modern nation-state and its implications in contemporary political structures worldwide. What we now recognize as the modern nation-state, which continues to exist in various forms of political systems, has its roots in ancient and gradual transformations in the West (Europe). These developments can be depicted as a paradigmatic narrative of the dialectic of needs and responses. This narrative begins with ancient Greece and its devotion to rationality and freedom, and continues along different paths, on the one hand, with modern evangelical traditions and the exploration of Roman legal structures, and on the other hand, by passing through historical, social, political, and economic contexts, the great Western powers (England, France, Germany, and the United States) have pursued different paths towards the emergence of the modern state. In retracing these various paths, we have utilized Kuhn's paradigmatic approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - An Introduction to the Configuration of Political Ethics in the History of Chinese Philosophy: With a Focus on Ancient China
Ali Aqajani

The history of philosophy in China has always possessed some ethical and political roots since the time of its emergence and in the process of its evolution and development. One of the common features of all Chinese political philosophers, in spite of all their theoreti More

The history of philosophy in China has always possessed some ethical and political roots since the time of its emergence and in the process of its evolution and development. One of the common features of all Chinese political philosophers, in spite of all their theoretical differences, is their belief in the dependence of the value of government and rulership on its moral and ethical status and prestige. In this way, they tried to access moral principles in order to obligate the Chinese to conform to an Ideal government. Accordingly, while acknowledging the linguistic and semantic ambiguities of authorities’ different theories, the present study investigated the problem of the nature of political ethics and its relationship with government in Chinese political philosophy (with an emphasis on ancient China) following a comparative method. Here, the author proposes the hypothesis that, despite some shared general viewpoints, there are various approaches to the whatness and quality of political ethics and its relationship with government and its duties and moral-political responsibilities. The differences between approaches can be studied in relation to ontology, epistemology, and anthropology, on the one hand, and in relation to the relationship between ethics and politics, nature of government, and legitimacy and duties of government, on the other hand. For example, regarding the problem of the nature of government, Laozi, Yang Zǐ, and Tsung Zǐ, who are Taoists, criticize the government and consider it a kind of unnecessary evil that has no function except for increasing the complexity and adversity of affairs. Therefore, they vote for a minority government, advocate the absence of a dominant central government, and prescribe a conformity between Man’s political conformity with a decentralized government. By contrast, Confucius, Mensius, Tung Chung-su, Han Fei Zǐ, and Chu His consider the government to be a necessary good with major ethical-political duties. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The framework of the national macro plan for transparency and information release based on the grounded theory method
Mahdi Azizi MehmanDoost Mohammad Reza Hosseini reza taghipour Mojtaba Mazoochi

10.61186/jict.44095.15.57.31

The purpose of this research is to present the framework of the national plan for transparency and information release. The research employs an integrated approach (qualitative and quantitative) and grounded theory as its research methodology. In the qualitative part، w More

The purpose of this research is to present the framework of the national plan for transparency and information release. The research employs an integrated approach (qualitative and quantitative) and grounded theory as its research methodology. In the qualitative part، with an in-depth and exploratory review of upstream laws and documents، models، theories، plans، and white papers of different countries related to transparency and information release، data analysis was done until theoretical saturation through three stages of open، axial، and selective coding. To acquire the dimensions، components، and subcomponents of this framework، 129 concepts were extracted from 620 primary codes، which were reduced to 593 secondary codes by removing the duplicated elements. Finally، 24 subcategories were placed under the five main components based on the paradigm model. In the quantitative section، the results of the analysis of the questionnaire indicated that، from a validity standpoint، the total value of the questionnaire، in different dimensions، was between 0.87 and 0.92، and the reliability coefficient was between 0.73 and 0.78. Based on data analysis، the establishment of a supranational management institution for transparency and information release، the precise determination of exceptions، network governance، demanding transparency، adherence to frameworks، maximum disclosure and support for legitimate disclosure، and the establishment of a data governance center are among the subcategories emphasized in this framework. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Investigating the influence of postmodern ideas in the field of architectural design process Emphasizing the linguistic paradigm
Somayeh Davoudi

<p>The effect of the attitude and currents of postmodernism in all fields, including architecture, has been studied and paid attention to by researchers. In this era, the combination and mutual influence of fields such as philosophy, psychology and linguistics on archit More

<p>The effect of the attitude and currents of postmodernism in all fields, including architecture, has been studied and paid attention to by researchers. In this era, the combination and mutual influence of fields such as philosophy, psychology and linguistics on architectural theories has caused the formation of new perspectives, but so far, less research has specifically addressed the relationship between the field of design process and postmodern theories. On the other hand, in the postmodern era, with the strengthening of semantic theories and its influence in architectural theories under the title of "linguistic paradigm", attention was directed to the architectural concept. Based on the above necessity, the aim of this article is to strengthen ideation in the architectural design process and tries to compare the two by explaining the models of the design process and the paradigms of the postmodern era, and by emphasizing the simultaneous emergence and formation of these ideas that play a fundamental role In the process of architectural design, provide methods. This research is of a qualitative type and is based on the study of written library documents, review of previous books and researches, and then their description and analysis. The theoretical foundations of the research include the philosophy of postmodernism, theories and models of the design process, and finally the paradigm of linguistics. Logical reasoning method has been used for comparison and conclusion and the findings of the research are presented in a graph. The results of this analysis show that paying more attention to the paradigm of linguistics can help to strengthen semantics in the architectural design process and, from this point of view, lead architecture to greater conceptual richness.</p> Manuscript profile

List of Articles Paradigm

Rimag

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages