Crime

Open Access Article

1 - Discovering spam in Facebook social network using data mining.
amin nazari

In recent years, by developing new technologies and communication facilities such as internet, new aspects named virtual social networks have been created. Rapid development of social networks and huge number of anonymous Users in these networks, created a suitable en More

In recent years, by developing new technologies and communication facilities such as internet, new aspects named virtual social networks have been created. Rapid development of social networks and huge number of anonymous Users in these networks, created a suitable environment for scammers. Most of the times, scammers are trying to spread several types of spams into these high potential places. Hence, an effective method is required to detect the spams in order to increase the level of information security of people in the social networks. In this paper, a new method for discovering spammer in Facebook social network is proposed. Findings show 99.96% accuracy. In previous papers, users were divided into two groups of ordinary users and spammer users. The method of classification in these papers recognizes also as a spam the users which attached by spammer. So, in this paper by dividing users into three types of ordinary users, spammer and users attached by spammer, accuracy of spam detection has been increased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF CLOSED-CIRCUITED TELEVIOSIONS(CCTV) IN REDUCING URBAN CRIMES
Mahmood Vasegh Hossein Hataminejad shekoofeh jafari fesharaki

One of the main functions of governments, in better managed of their authority, is monitoring social affairs and citizenship behaviors within the law. Management and organization of social life, in the present era, because of the complexity processes of political, secur More

One of the main functions of governments, in better managed of their authority, is monitoring social affairs and citizenship behaviors within the law. Management and organization of social life, in the present era, because of the complexity processes of political, security and… in geographical environment, including major cities are extremely onerous and requires effective and efficient design and development methods and tools in this field. There is a question in this regard that how cans us increase the monitoring and control of the government in these areas. In response to the above question, this paper tries to come to investigate the effects of the application of intelligent monitoring and control systems and instruments (closed-circuited televisions) in reducing delinquency and urban crimes, how to increase government efficiency in controlling urban processes, should be investigated. This paper developed in descriptive-analytic methods and based on the field data, so The analysis and conclusions, in addition to the electronic library resources and results of a questionnaire is used. It should be noted that the validity of the questionnaire using factor analysis and reliability of the questionnaire was tested through Cronbach's alpha multiplied. Finally, the data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed by examining the population mean (T-test). The results of this study show that the use of intelligent monitoring systems have significant role in reducing crimes in urban environments and social insecurities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Investigation of environmental factors affecting the occurrence of urban crime (crime of theft) - Case study: District 1 and 7 of Qom-

Usually there is a place in every city that we call dangerous neighborhoods, and in these areas, crimes are simply happening, and when we have to pass through these streets or neighborhoods, we just want to pass quickly and always the reasons for the emergence of such p More

Usually there is a place in every city that we call dangerous neighborhoods, and in these areas, crimes are simply happening, and when we have to pass through these streets or neighborhoods, we just want to pass quickly and always the reasons for the emergence of such places. In cities, it's a question for everyone. Indeed, if people choose a place for life, the first thing that carries their minds is the existence of security, because security is an important indicator for raising the quality of social life, and one of the factors that it creates is its security. The purpose of this article is to investigate the environmental factors affecting the crime of theft. The study area is located in Qom, and areas 1 and 7 of this city have been investigated as a case. The research method is descriptive-analytic based on the scroll and is used by the questionnaire. The results of the research indicate that, from the viewpoint of residents in the Qom area, the indicator of the guardian of the neighborhood with an average of 4.21 could have the greatest impact on the reduction of theft crime and the population density has the least effect, on the other hand residents of the seven area increase the quality The door and windows with an average of 4.46 main factors in reducing the crime and providing the facilities and facilities for the better performance of the neighborhood by the municipality have the least impact. Also, there is a direct relationship between municipalities with a correlation coefficient of 0.48, such as physical protection of the neighborhood with a coefficient of 0.29 and a reduction in the crime of crime in areas 1 and 7, so the greater the physical protection and provision of facilities, facilities and urban infrastructure, the amount of theft in These areas will be reduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The relationship of crime and geography
nemat nhrughe Farhad allahverdi mahdi kazemi

Today, it is one of the applied disciplines in forensic science and geography. Geography is referred to as a fundamental scientific discipline, because of the phenomena and processes that we go through we have to talk about the place where it was created and expanded an More

Today, it is one of the applied disciplines in forensic science and geography. Geography is referred to as a fundamental scientific discipline, because of the phenomena and processes that we go through we have to talk about the place where it was created and expanded and eventually left or disappeared and its location conditions. To identify. One of these phenomena is "crime or crime". The existence and manner of crime in different places varies. So that the "conditions of place" are of great importance in the presence and absence, expansion or non-spread of mass. However, we must bear in mind that every place in different economic, cultural, political, and environmental dimensions has various components and variables that directly or indirectly influence the amount of spatial weight or location power. Therefore, the greater the power of the place, the less likely the crime will be. This fundamental article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to express the relationship between crime and geography, especially in the big cities of the present age. The importance of the research is that by explaining the relevant theories and perspectives it seeks to answer the question why crime is increasing in some places and in others it is decreasing. In fact, we seek to prove the hypothesis that there is a strong relationship between geographic space and crime that criminals screen their first thoughts in the context of the subject before considering committing the crime, taking into account the location conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Spatial-temporal Analysis Hotspots Theft Crime in the City of semnan
Esmaeil Najafi Keramatalah Zayyari Ali Reza Darban Astaneh

10.29252/.1.4.1

Background and Purpose:Nowadays the problem of increasing the rate of delinquency and social deviations is one of the most important and most fundamental problem in many cities in the world. After years criminologists have found that certain locations effect on crime. S More

Background and Purpose:Nowadays the problem of increasing the rate of delinquency and social deviations is one of the most important and most fundamental problem in many cities in the world. After years criminologists have found that certain locations effect on crime. So in recent years researches about the interaction between the physical environment of cities and social ills and crime has become increasingly important. Theft is one of the most important types of crime and delinquency. There are a variety of different forms of theft at the community level. Method:This study, Identifying and Spatial-temporal Analysis of urban Crime Hotspots, have been conducted in Semnan. Geographical information system and SPSS software are used in this study to do spatial and temporal analyze. In this study some crimes have been studied as a sample that took place in legal limit of Semnan city in range of 1394/1/1 until 1394/29/12. Then after preparing a database of theft and using statistical and graphical tests, crime hotspots have been identified and analyzed in a spatial way in Semnan city. This is a descriptive and analytical research and data is provided by library and statistical information and field observations. Findings and results:The results showed that the urban crime hotspots of Semnan are in the Imam street. With more details this area extends from Imam square to Mazandaran crossroad. These hotspots also lay in Semnan market. This market is in the crowded and bustling part of city and has mostly commercial function and unsuitable physical structure. It is cleared that in terms of time, the highest rate of theft in Semnan city had occurred in warm months of year as well as the initial days of the week. The results showed that most of thefts had occurred in a time between 9 A.M until 13 P.M. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Murder and Typification of the forgiveness (A Case Study of Guilan)

Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purp More

Main purpose this research is “Typification of the forgiveness based on inductive strategy”. In this strategy, the interviewees perception about the forgivness by interpretivism approach have been investigated. This research has been with qualitative method and purposive sampling, and individual and group (Focus group) interviews. According to the logic of theoretical saturation, twenty seven individually and three group were interviewed. Then researcher analyzed interviews with method thematic analyze. Overall,the findings indicates that there are two general type of forgiveness.The first is self- oriented forgiveness and the second is other- oriented forgiveness . In the first part exist various species such as: Forgiveness oppositions, forgiveness supporters, replaced forgiveness and intent - oriented forgiveness. Other-oriented forgiveness can observe types three: forgivenes oppositions, reluctantly Forgiveness and intent-oriented forgiveness. People reacted to the murder of their close relatives to criminal calculate and assess the benefits of forgiveness and revenge, and then act.Based on the research findings the forgivness is time and space, because it depend to the position of the offender or the victim and the time between the crime and punishment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The ethical-psychological foundations of the necessity for states crimes criminalization with emphasis on government models
Maaz Abdolahi Sayed Mahmood MirKhalili

All around the world, there has been love for power, competition and hatred; and the mean people have enjoyed observing the suffering of others. When the prophets of God sought to correct the people and their societies, bring reconciliation and peace and guide people, a More

All around the world, there has been love for power, competition and hatred; and the mean people have enjoyed observing the suffering of others. When the prophets of God sought to correct the people and their societies, bring reconciliation and peace and guide people, a great number of people of that time disagreed with them; because, their guidance was contrary to the superficial and common aspirations of those societies and their people. In this regard, one of the most controversial issues among the nations and governments is states crimes, which affect the physical, psychological, ethical, social and individual well-being of the citizens. No Jurisdiction, institution, or law has placed this behavior in the banned area of conduct and does not impose any liability, especially criminal liability, on the states. The present article seeks to analyze and prove the necessity of criminalization of states crime from the perspective of ethical-psychological foundations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Criminological analysis of hypoglycemia and its impact on criminal behavior
صفورا محمد صالحی

Blood sugar lessening is dangerous and can be resulted from diabetes treatment when person’s blood sugar level comes to less than 70 milligramme in deciliter. Disorder in Hypoglycemia (blood sugar lessening) increases the adrenalin hormone in the body and causes some s More

Blood sugar lessening is dangerous and can be resulted from diabetes treatment when person’s blood sugar level comes to less than 70 milligramme in deciliter. Disorder in Hypoglycemia (blood sugar lessening) increases the adrenalin hormone in the body and causes some symptoms such as increasing heartbeat, getting hungry, vertigo (dizziness), quivering (trembling), convulsions, anxiety, depression, sleepiness, faintness, severely being stimulated, myonicity, myasthenia, sweating hands and feet severely, aggressiveness, personality disorder, getting psychopath, negative thoughts and losing the essential awareness for making decision. Therefore the amount of blood sugar is not controlled well and causes a decrease in diabetic’s body defense power against stress and infectious diseases. Since this kind of disease is related to the inside of the person’ body, one might be affected by Hypoglycemia and commit a crime while he is not aware of his problem and its effects. Criminally, the enquiry of these factors is of great significance since it results in behavioral abnormalities in diabetics and paves the way for committing crimes. So, the judge must pay attention to this affair which might have occurred at the result of diabetes and accept his defense and identify him either innocent of penal accountability or not fully accountable in respect of illness faintness or its severity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Ethical challenges of Application of Nanotechnology Technology in Crime Detection
Reza Soudi seyed ghasem zamani Abo-Mohammad Asgarkhani

The complexities of social relationships in today's world complicate the way crimes are committed, and the discovery of complex crimes requires sophisticated and technical tools, and the traditional, long-standing method can not answer all the needs of society to detect More

The complexities of social relationships in today's world complicate the way crimes are committed, and the discovery of complex crimes requires sophisticated and technical tools, and the traditional, long-standing method can not answer all the needs of society to detect crime. Nanotechnology, like other scientific fields, has also entered criminal science, and has been widely used to identify and assess the evidence and evidence gathered in the crime scene. Nanotechnology can be effective in preventing and detecting offenders due to its abundant capabilities in detecting and detecting the exact and rapid effects of crime. Using this technology in DNA detection and fingerprinting can provide new and scientific solutions for detecting and improving hidden effects containing DNA and fingers that will otherwise be unidentified. Today, the scope of criminal police activities is wider by utilizing the most advanced equipment and facilities for biotechnology and nano technology. Today, the use of electron microscopes, nano-sensors, biological sensors and various methods of nasal sputum has become commonplace in accredited police criminal laboratories, and the true discovery The crime remains the slightest ambiguity, with the advent of nanotechnology Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The concept, basis and position of the component of criminal behavior of the material element of crimes against property and property
Hossein Khaninzadeh Ahmad Hajidehabadi Ali Mazidi Sharaf Abadi

Legal scholars consider “criminal behavior” to be one of the few components of the material in analyzing the three elements of crime and, in particular, the material element of the crime. There are a variety of issues, topics, and perceptions. The ambiguities and challe More

Legal scholars consider “criminal behavior” to be one of the few components of the material in analyzing the three elements of crime and, in particular, the material element of the crime. There are a variety of issues, topics, and perceptions. The ambiguities and challenges raised in both the quantitative and the specific legal complexities of criminal behavior in "Property and Property Crimes" are more prominent. Therefore, this article attempts to explain and understand "the concept, basis and position of the component of criminal behavior of the material element of crimes against property and property" through a descriptive-analytic method using library resources and written texts and opinions and perspectives. Various issues, issues and issues are discussed and analyzed. To this end, this article has been divided into three sections: "conceptual", "theoretical foundations" and "position" of criminal behavior from the material element of crimes against property and property. The results of the investigations in this regard show that, first of all, in the case of crimes against property and property, the concept of positive and negative criminal behavior contains both the meaning of this component. Secondly, the "basic verb" theory of crime, with all its differences and variations, has a common element called "voluntary physical movement" and crimes against property and property are no exception, however, the predominant crime of property and property is The passage of the verb can also be realized, and if it is customarily viewed as a causal relation, it can be considered a crime in most crimes against property and property. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Adherence to the ethics of the application of information technology in the prevention of the state of the fixed crimes
behroz saki Sayed Mahmood MirKhalili Syed Hosein hashemi

Criminal law prevention is one of the principles of criminal justice policy; the crime prevention process comprises a series of criminal and non-criminal actions in the legislative, judicial and administrative areas. Behaviors committed in the territory of a registrar i More

Criminal law prevention is one of the principles of criminal justice policy; the crime prevention process comprises a series of criminal and non-criminal actions in the legislative, judicial and administrative areas. Behaviors committed in the territory of a registrar in violation of the laws and regulations of this jurisdiction shall be considered as criminal offenses. Prevention measures, like any other crime, are also considered. In a penal system, how to prevent crime by its type and its proportion to the crime committed, as well as its efficiency and success, are issues that have always been addressed by those involved; using crime prevention strategies. The situation can provide the best, most effective and most comprehensive way of preventing criminal offenses, so we have attempted in this article to examine various methods of preventive and explain them in the realm of the criminal offenses specifically and objectively. Learn about the application of information technology in this field and its implementation process in Iran and on the other hand analyze and evaluate Quality creative and privacy of individuals in the use of information technology in situational prevention of crime, we will register. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Shame and crime prevention from the perspective of criminology and Islamic ethics
mohamad ali haji deh abadi Abdul Wahab Karimi

one of the important issues in the two areas of criminology and Islamic ethics, is shame , which it’s effects in preventing of abnormal and criminal behaviors are emphasized in both areas of knowledge; Nevertheless, a careful look at the fundamentals and findings of cri More

one of the important issues in the two areas of criminology and Islamic ethics, is shame , which it’s effects in preventing of abnormal and criminal behaviors are emphasized in both areas of knowledge; Nevertheless, a careful look at the fundamentals and findings of criminology and the teachings of Islamic ethics can reveal the subtle differences between the two in this area, namely the effect of shame on crime prevention. The present study tries to investigate this issue with a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of this study indicate that despite the commonalities of shame in terms of nature and principle of crime prevention, there are significant differences between these two areas of knowledge in terms of scope, scope of deterrence, factors and components, as well as in terms of quality and effectiveness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The explanation of the position of Human dignity right violator behavior in criminalization
Fatemeh Masroor Mohammad Taqi Fakhlae Hossein Naseri Moghaddam

The accepted criteria of criminalization are different in legal systems because in the process of criminalization, we are not faced with one principle and criteria, but several criteria and principles in turn play a role in the criminalization process. Therefore, in jus More

The accepted criteria of criminalization are different in legal systems because in the process of criminalization, we are not faced with one principle and criteria, but several criteria and principles in turn play a role in the criminalization process. Therefore, in justifying the criminalization of a behavior, several criteria may be considered by the legislator, such as preserving human dignity, protecting moral values, denying harm, preserving fundamental interests, establishing social order and implementing criminal justice, etc. Dignity is not only a religious value but also as a universal human value that is deeply emphasized in religious teachings including the Qur'an and in the world arena in the first half of the twentieth century with the issuance of the Declaration. Recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Human dignity is the basis for the formation of two attitudes of morality and perfectionism on the basis of criminalization of legal systems. Dignity is not only a religious value but also a universal human value. In the view of morality, the violation of social values and in the view of perfectionism, in addition, the violation of moral values and damage to human personality and human character can also be criminalized, which can be done through legal requirements and guarantees of performance in politics. Criminal protection. Human dignity is one of the pervasive values of this world, which in the process of criminalization and criminal proceedings, also prevents unnecessary interference with criminal law, and in fact, by providing criteria and criteria such as the prohibition of cruel and disproportionate punishments as well as the prohibition of double punishment, torture And the instrumental use of human beings has limited the criminal rule of governments. In a dignity-based criminal policy, the interaction of human instinct with the rules of criminal policy is evident in all stages from the stage of criminalization to the execution of punishment and restoration of dignity. In the present article, while explaining the concept of human dignity and explaining its limits, an attempt is made to study the perspective on criminalization of behaviors that violate dignity, its principles and documents. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The role of the judiciary in the social prevention of crime based on the Iranian-Islamic model of education
Anvar Kheirabadi Javad Niknejad Mohammad Barani Mehdi Ismaili

Regarding the issue of crime prevention, Article 8 of the Constitution defines public and sovereign duty with regard to the issue of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, but a group that considers the criminal phenomenon as a human and social issue that may Every More

Regarding the issue of crime prevention, Article 8 of the Constitution defines public and sovereign duty with regard to the issue of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil, but a group that considers the criminal phenomenon as a human and social issue that may Every religious community should emerge and consider the prevention of crime to require the use of scientific achievements and teachings, and with the premise that the need to implement criminal law, which is also mentioned in Article 4 of the Constitution, this "They conclude that according to Article 165, paragraph 5, of the Constitution, they consider the appropriate action to prevent the occurrence of crime and to correct criminals as the duties of the judiciary." Perhaps due to the unscientific approach to this issue, the role of crime prevention in the judiciary is a subjective and ceremonial matter, and as a result, a large number of elites, lawyers, criminologists and sociologists did not dare to criticize and enter into this issue, and this The subconscious issue led to the judiciary being dominated by criminals and the influence of power and wealth caused a structural crisis in the face of criminals, but with the emergence of new horizons and the helm of new judges and fundamental changes and the fight against White-collar and coarse-grained criminals have once again revived the hope in society that the judiciary is the flagship of the fight against crime and the criminal phenomenon, and more importantly, the forerunner of crime prevention. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Revision of the psychological pillar of crime in the crime of biodiversity and the Islamic view of it
seyed mahmoods mirkhalili Abuzar Salari Far

Given the harmful effects of environmental crime, lawyers are looking for solutions that greatly reduce these harmful effects and further deteriorate these crimes. Among the developments related to environmental crime in some legal systems in the world The evolution of More

Given the harmful effects of environmental crime, lawyers are looking for solutions that greatly reduce these harmful effects and further deteriorate these crimes. Among the developments related to environmental crime in some legal systems in the world The evolution of the concept of fault and the pillar of psychology, so that today, in many cases in environmental crimes, liability is criminal and legal without the need for a fault and psychological peculiarities of the perpetrator. The responsibility without fault Which is reflected in various forms in the legal literature, is to be ignored or implied The guilt of the guilty and the pillar is related to the perpetrator's ability to blame. Although the principle of innocence requires that the psychological element of the crime, as well as other elements of the crime, be proved, but in environmental offenses, given the importance of these crimes and the inescapable damages. Compensation in this regard after committing a crime and increasing the risk of committing a crime, will increase the level of supervision and in some way increase deterrence, and will adhere to the principles adopted in environmental law, such as the precautionary principle, the principle of prevention, the principle of payment by the polluter and the principle Compensation is consistent Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Belief and Legal Context of Protecting the Citizenship Rights of the Bank to the Iranian Administrative System
Moein Sabahi Garaghani Abolfazl Ranjbarie Gholam Hossein Massoud

The administrative system faces many problems and, in practice, is in turmoil. One of the main reasons for corruption in the country is the presence of anomics (maladaptation) in different administrative departments. Administrative system abnormalities provide opportuni More

The administrative system faces many problems and, in practice, is in turmoil. One of the main reasons for corruption in the country is the presence of anomics (maladaptation) in different administrative departments. Administrative system abnormalities provide opportunities for committing crimes or corruption in the offices. One of the most effective methods of administrative health is the implementation of the Citizenship Rights Charter It prevents the creation of corruption opportunities for individuals, especially in the departments, and will also help to respect the rights of the nation, most notably administrative and economic rights. The main question of the present research is that the areas of belief and law, the implementation of citizenship rights are derived from the basic components and values of the administrative system? By deliberating in the books, articles and legal documents related to this study, it was found that the most important of these citizenship rights are: the right to equality in the protection of the law and the enjoyment of opportunities and facilities, the right to freedom and respect for the citizen, the right to proportionate, wise, The precise and diligent conduct of the state, the right to uninterrupted and timely public services, the right to transparent government and the freedom of information, the right to guarantee and respect for rights and legitimate expectations, the right to a responsible government, the right to a healthy state and the prohibition of abuse of power, The right to an intelligent government conforming to technology and knowledge of the day, the right to participate, the right to an efficient and effective government and the right to responsibility And fulfill the legal obligations of the state. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Criminal Entrepreneurial Behavior: Literature Review
Mojtaba Nahid Roghayeh izadi

10.7508/jstpi.2017.03.005

Entrepreneurs play an important role in the economy in order to identify opportunities and to exploit their economic and social needs of the production process and purse market driving. While entrepreneurship is normally researched as something positive, this paper illu More

Entrepreneurs play an important role in the economy in order to identify opportunities and to exploit their economic and social needs of the production process and purse market driving. While entrepreneurship is normally researched as something positive, this paper illustrates the dark sides of the construct. This conceptual research paper applies entrepreneurship literature to generate new insights into entrepreneurship in organized crime and entrepreneurs in criminal organizations. Criminal entrepreneurship is found in organized crime, where criminal entrepreneurs choose to organize a criminal business enterprise in order to exploit illegal market opportunities. Entrepreneurial opportunities can be exploited in a variety of ways, depending on strategy and available resources. As organised crime is growing locally as well as globally, law enforcement agencies need to develop their understanding of strategic criminal entrepreneurship. Based on perspectives in this paper, the dark side of Entrepreneurship needs to be further explored within both the legitimate and illegitimate business sector in the local as well as global perspective in future research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Preventive Strategies towards Victimization of Labor Childeren; Activity-Based Pattern
Mehdi Khaghani Esfahani

Labor childeren, whether street and active in closed environments, works with customary practices (such as street peddler), semi-customary (such as garbage) and unconventional (such as prostitution). Several criminological theories, including Social Strain theory, Crimi More

Labor childeren, whether street and active in closed environments, works with customary practices (such as street peddler), semi-customary (such as garbage) and unconventional (such as prostitution). Several criminological theories, including Social Strain theory, Criminal Ecology theory and Cultural Conflict theory, have provided important cognitive explanations of the phenomenon of child labor, but other criminological theories, such as the theory of Opportunity and the theory of Everyday Activities, can be used to model the type of conventional, semi-conventional and unconventional activities of children used the offenders who often fall victim to them. Inconsistencies in the habitat, inaccuracies in the perilous environment, inability/ignorance of counseling institutions in crisis intervention, perceptual and behavioral disorders and lack of citizenship rehabilitation skills provide the opportunity to commit certain crimes against child labor in turbulent metropolitan furniture. Awareness of what kind of activities by types of child labor, the context of victimization in which crimes increases, enables intelligent child labor victimization strategies to be given to custodial policemen in the field of child protection. Adopting a prevention strategy without a specific knowledge about the status of environmental conditions harmful to children, the sustained failure of these strategies persists. This article, after applying the criminological theories on the factors and the process of child victimization, explains the meaningful relationship between the crimes committed against these children by their type of work (conventional, semi-conventional and unconventional) and strategies for increasing the crime of committing crimes against these children and enhancing immunity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - An Analytical Study on Alternative Punishment for Juvenile Delinquency
Mehrnoosh Abouzari

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinq More

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinquency is to reform, educate and reconcile them and, above all, seek criminal justice measures to rehabilitate and prepare the person for returning to society. Therefore, it seems that the imprisonment and punishment of liberation cannot be effective in achieving these goals and that violent and violent attacks can lead to a proper and incorrect bias in their behavioral system. As a result, alternative prison sentences for juvenile offenses, influenced by the teachings of restorative justice, will be more than anything else. Penalties that are imposed by the court, with the participation of the public and civil society in the community, with regard to the offense of commission, the personality and criminal record of the offender, the frequency of committing the crime, the situation of the victim and the effects of the commission of the crime. Measures such as periods of care, residence, maintenance at the end of the week, electronic surveillance, free public services and advocacy institutions such as postponement of the sentence, quash, suspension of prosecution, file archiving, exemption from punishment, criminal mediation, suspension Penalties, the semi-liberation system and probation freedoms allow the offender to compensate for the mistake of committing and harming the community and feeling responsible and efficient in society. Although it should be noted that excessive punishment for substitute imprisonment, regardless of the family context, environment of the life and economic conditions of an adolescent, is a kind of abandonment of his insecure circumstances in his life that led him to delinquency and now again It is in this environment that may result in serious and persistent criminal offenses; in such cases, the calm and discipline of keeping in the center of reform and education and training institutions are preferable to such actions. This paper examines the bases and types of alternatives to juvenile delinquency penalties and then explains the critical attitude of some enforcement instances and possible objections to the imposition of alternative prison sentences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Preventive Strategies towards Victimization of Labor Childeren; Activity-Based Pattern
Mehdi Khaghani Esfahani Ghasem Mohamadi

Labor childeren, whether street and active in closed environments, works with customary practices (such as street peddler), semi-customary (such as garbage) and unconventional (such as prostitution). Several criminological theories, including Social Strain theory, Crimi More

Labor childeren, whether street and active in closed environments, works with customary practices (such as street peddler), semi-customary (such as garbage) and unconventional (such as prostitution). Several criminological theories, including Social Strain theory, Criminal Ecology theory and Cultural Conflict theory, have provided important cognitive explanations of the phenomenon of child labor, but other criminological theories, such as the theory of Opportunity and the theory of Everyday Activities, can be used to model the type of conventional, semi-conventional and unconventional activities of children used the offenders who often fall victim to them. Inconsistencies in the habitat, inaccuracies in the perilous environment, inability/ignorance of counseling institutions in crisis intervention, perceptual and behavioral disorders and lack of citizenship rehabilitation skills provide the opportunity to commit certain crimes against child labor in turbulent metropolitan furniture. Awareness of what kind of activities by types of child labor, the context of victimization in which crimes increases, enables intelligent child labor victimization strategies to be given to custodial policemen in the field of child protection. Adopting a prevention strategy without a specific knowledge about the status of environmental conditions harmful to children, the sustained failure of these strategies persists. This article, after applying the criminological theories on the factors and the process of child victimization, explains the meaningful relationship between the crimes committed against these children by their type of work (conventional, semi-conventional and unconventional) and strategies for increasing the crime of committing crimes against these children and enhancing immunity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - An Analytical Study on Alternative Punishment for Juvenile Delinquency
Mehrnoosh Abouzari

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinq More

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinquency is to reform, educate and reconcile them and, above all, seek criminal justice measures to rehabilitate and prepare the person for returning to society. Therefore, it seems that the imprisonment and punishment of liberation cannot be effective in achieving these goals and that violent and violent attacks can lead to a proper and incorrect bias in their behavioral system. As a result, alternative prison sentences for juvenile offenses, influenced by the teachings of restorative justice, will be more than anything else. Penalties that are imposed by the court, with the participation of the public and civil society in the community, with regard to the offense of commission, the personality and criminal record of the offender, the frequency of committing the crime, the situation of the victim and the effects of the commission of the crime. Measures such as periods of care, residence, maintenance at the end of the week, electronic surveillance, free public services and advocacy institutions such as postponement of the sentence, quash, suspension of prosecution, file archiving, exemption from punishment, criminal mediation, suspension Penalties, the semi-liberation system and probation freedoms allow the offender to compensate for the mistake of committing and harming the community and feeling responsible and efficient in society. Although it should be noted that excessive punishment for substitute imprisonment, regardless of the family context, environment of the life and economic conditions of an adolescent, is a kind of abandonment of his insecure circumstances in his life that led him to delinquency and now again It is in this environment that may result in serious and persistent criminal offenses; in such cases, the calm and discipline of keeping in the center of reform and education and training institutions are preferable to such actions. This paper examines the bases and types of alternatives to juvenile delinquency penalties and then explains the critical attitude of some enforcement instances and possible objections to the imposition of alternative prison sentences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The Role of Child Hyperactivity Disorder in Adult Crime
Fateme Esfandi

Background and Aim: ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder) is one of the common childhood disorders that can be caused by various factors. If this disorder is not diagnosed and treated on time, it can continue until adulthood and have various consequences for the More

Background and Aim: ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder) is one of the common childhood disorders that can be caused by various factors. If this disorder is not diagnosed and treated on time, it can continue until adulthood and have various consequences for the person. In this article, the relationship between hyperactivity disorder and crime is investigated. Method: This descriptive study was conducted by examining various library sources and interviewing psychologists of exceptional children and social workers of the children's court. Results: As a result of the studies that were done, it can be said that hyperactive children are always at risk of committing crimes due to their inability to voluntarily inhibit their behavior. Lack of timely intervention to treat and solve the problems of children suffering from this disorder causes the transfer of these problems to adulthood, which can lead to increase and continuation of high-risk behaviors and other disorders. Conclusion: Among the different methods of crime prevention, it seems that social prevention and especially developmental crime prevention are effective in preventing children with hyperactivity from committing crimes in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Necessity of Special Police for Children and Adolescents in Iranian Judicial System
Askar Jalalian Mostafa zarei Abbas Barzegarzadeh

The Special police for children and adolescents, as one of the special institutions of the juvenile justice system, was first considered in the Juvenile Delinquency Bill (1383) and then the legislator paid attention to it in the Criminal Procedure Code of 1392 in Articl More

The Special police for children and adolescents, as one of the special institutions of the juvenile justice system, was first considered in the Juvenile Delinquency Bill (1383) and then the legislator paid attention to it in the Criminal Procedure Code of 1392 in Article 31. According to this article, the police organization was ordered to form a police section for children and adolescents. In this study, in order to achieve the hidden angles of the role of the police in juvenile justice, an attempt has been made to explain the preventive position of the juvenile police in order to answer the question: what is the role of the juvenile police in the Iranian judiciary in crime prevention? The results of this study indicate that the behavior and approach of the Iranian police towards children and adolescents does not have a differential criminal policy and in dealing with children and adolescents, adult criminal policy is used. Therefore, it is necessary for the police to try to improve the process of intervening in the proceedings of children and adolescents by formulating a differential criminal policy based on protective and not criminal intervention in compliance with national and international principles and standards. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Hermeneutics is the beginning of a crime in Iranian criminal law
Hassan Mohammadi Nevisi

Investigating the concept of "Attempt" in Iranian criminal law and explaining the rule-based methodology of this concept is one of the inevitable hermeneutics of this criminal law establishment. Hermeneutics Although not widely regarded in post-modern humanities and ar More

Investigating the concept of "Attempt" in Iranian criminal law and explaining the rule-based methodology of this concept is one of the inevitable hermeneutics of this criminal law establishment. Hermeneutics Although not widely regarded in post-modern humanities and art texts, it can be particularly useful in the field of law, which is tied to social order, and in particular to judgment, and paves the way. And to unambiguously put readers at the forefront of the judiciary and to prevent the dissolution of judicial opinions. In this article, the author has attempted to give a clear picture of this criminal law entity and to explain the law-based methodology for a unified understanding of the concept, regardless of the legislative history and theoretical discussions surrounding the issue. To be clear, the author of this article has achieved his goal if the readers of the article at the end of their study have all come to a single inference of the concept of "Attempt". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Presenting a model to solve the challenges facing the participation of people and social institutionsIn the fight against environmental crimes
Hasan Haji tabar Nima Parvaneh Maral Darbandi

10.61186/ahrar.38616.2.4.122

Environmental crises are taking on new dimensions every day. Crises related to ozone depletion, nuclear waste storage, industrial and chemical waste management, etc. can be seen around life. Environmental crimes are any type of current or current cracks that cause sever More

Environmental crises are taking on new dimensions every day. Crises related to ozone depletion, nuclear waste storage, industrial and chemical waste management, etc. can be seen around life. Environmental crimes are any type of current or current cracks that cause severe damage to the environment and endanger human health. Environmental crimes against living components of the environment minus humans include all plant and animal organisms. For this reason, and with the uncontrolled increase of this type of serious environmental damage, it has led to the presentation of a model to combat environmental crimes. The statistical population of this article is about ١٣environmental activists in the country who have been interviewed in the form of an open article and at first the challenges of public participation and comprehensive institutions in the fight against environmental crimes Using factor analysis and pls software to determine the relationship between these factors to confirm, then the relationship of these challenges with environmental crimes in a ranking using the Friedman test and finally A model for influencing environmental crimes is presented with the participation of the public and government institutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The effects of the emergence of security-oriented criminalization in crimes against security in Iranian criminal law
Hossein Rezaei Todeshki Seyyed Mahmoud Majidi mohammad javad baghi zadeh

Securityism is one of the unjust constructions that is imposed on the body of criminal policy and it means a deviant process in the formation of a response process to the criminal phenomenon. The security orientation of criminal policy can be a criterion to distinguish More

Securityism is one of the unjust constructions that is imposed on the body of criminal policy and it means a deviant process in the formation of a response process to the criminal phenomenon. The security orientation of criminal policy can be a criterion to distinguish an efficient and desirable criminal policy from an ineffective and undesirable criminal policy; As a result, the criminal policy of every society should provide a suitable justification for criminalizing and illegalizing the actions of people that were considered permissible before. This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way. In this article, an attempt has been made to answer this question: What are the most important coordinates of security-oriented criminalization in Iran's criminal law? Give an appropriate answer. It seems that the most important coordinates of security-oriented criminalization in Iran's criminal law include criminalization of criminal thoughts, criminalization of preliminary acts, legislative obfuscation and new criminalizations. The purpose of this article is to explain the manifestations of the tendency to aggressive criminalization in Iranian criminal law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The wrong impact on criminal crime and criminal law
sima ghobadvand

One of the important topics in criminal law and jurisprudence and consequently criminal responsibility is the "wrong" discussion. Mistake or suspicion means, like, like, and synonymous with errors and arises from ignorance and cognitive disabilities and individual knowl More

One of the important topics in criminal law and jurisprudence and consequently criminal responsibility is the "wrong" discussion. Mistake or suspicion means, like, like, and synonymous with errors and arises from ignorance and cognitive disabilities and individual knowledge and experiences. The mistake is divided into two types of "the subject matter" and the "judgmental mistake". The criminal act is the result and product of the offender's will to achieve the purpose of the offender and obtain the criminal path through the criminal path, but in many cases the offender, although the criminal path to the end. The material and the material element of the criminal act also commits, but for the reason, it does not achieve the purpose it does not have, and one of these is the wrong cause of identity and identity. As the most important crime that has an inherent crime at all times and places, it is the result of taking the life of a person who is one of the most important assets of any individual. For this reason, much of the investigation is centered on this crime and issues that are raised following the commitment of the crime, including the purpose of the purpose of identity in the discussion of murder. The content is library. key words: Wrong, crime, science and ignorance in crime, crime elements, jurisprudence, criminal law Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Criminological Legal-Sociological Analysis of Street Children's Delinquency (From Family to Society and Industry)
zahra Aghababa fahim mostafa zade Alireza MOHAMMADBEYKI

The problem of delinquency and victimization of children and teenagers is one of the important social issues that has been very busy in today's world. Since then, the majority of researchers, sociologists, criminologists, psychologists, psychiatrists and education speci More

The problem of delinquency and victimization of children and teenagers is one of the important social issues that has been very busy in today's world. Since then, the majority of researchers, sociologists, criminologists, psychologists, psychiatrists and education specialists in the modern countries of the world have been trying to find a solution to prevent crime among children and teenagers. Various opinions have been expressed about the reason for the increase in crime and victimization in our time. Some of the researchers consider the increase in crime in today's world to be one of the specialties of the current civilized societies and they believe that in the same proportion as human beings advance with all their might towards industrial and material progress and development, in the same proportion, breaking the law, delinquency and committing anti-social acts in Industrial societies are expanding and spiritual peace and tranquility are decreasing in such societies. Accordingly, in this article, with the descriptive-analytical method and content analysis, he investigated this important issue in the collection of Islamic penal laws, labor, criminal procedure and protection of children and adolescents, and the most important result of this study is that the examination of the various articles of the above four laws There are complete and progressive rules and regulations in the field of children and adolescents in Iran's legal system, but the most important obstacle is in the implementation process and its guarantees. The most important suggestion is not to enter this group into criminal-punitive proceedings Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - The wrong impact on the person or personality in the crime on the soul
Afshin Rahimi Pardanjani

The murder of human life and the deprivation of human life is one of the most important crimes against individuals, and in all societies, it is accompanied by severe reaction and consideration of severe punishments for the killers. In the Islamic legal system, the punis More

The murder of human life and the deprivation of human life is one of the most important crimes against individuals, and in all societies, it is accompanied by severe reaction and consideration of severe punishments for the killers. In the Islamic legal system, the punishment of murder is retribution if it is deliberate and justice, and this punishment is mentioned in the Holy Qur'an as the source of society's life. Physical and crime against spiritual personality is divided. In the meantime, crimes against physical integrity (such as murder, amputation, multiplication, miscarriage) against crimes against spiritual personality (such as insult, defamation, Qaddaf, false publication, etc.) More important. Among the crimes against physical entirety, the crime of murder is, most importantly, because murder is the deprivation of life from living man. In this way, the crime of murder takes him the most valuable divine blessing to man, which is his body and soul. Therefore, in all the legal systems of the world, the crime of murder is of great importance, and especially for its deliberate type, heavy penalties such as imprisonment or life imprisonment are projected in criminal laws in different countries. We can kill the murder by "mistake in the victim" (wrong in the goal) or "mistake in the personality of the victim" (mistake in the identity). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - apartheid; An example of violation of the rule of prohibition of discrimination. Focusing on moral values and looking at the Palestinian issue
Fatemeh Beigi Mirazizi Sattar Azizi Farid Azad Bakht Mohammad Javad Jafari

Discrimination is known as an international crime, the prohibition of which is a mandatory rule in international law and is a necessity in order to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and guarantee his dignity and even in some cases to maintain international p More

Discrimination is known as an international crime, the prohibition of which is a mandatory rule in international law and is a necessity in order to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms and guarantee his dignity and even in some cases to maintain international peace and security. Therefore, the principle of prohibition of discrimination has a prominent role in the international human rights system. The Geneva Quadrilateral Conventions of 1949 and the Additional Protocols of 1977 contain provisions that expressly prohibit "adverse discrimination" against persons affected by armed conflict and occupation, and require equal treatment between certain categories of persons, such as the sick, and this is the first step in considering Making apartheid a war crime. After this first step, the human suffering caused by the political ideology of apartheid in South Africa during 1948 to 1994, which drew global condemnation and a variety of diplomatic and legal responses, led to the adoption of the Apartheid Convention in 1973 as a crime against humanity. And also, war crime became the first in Article 85 (4) (c) of the Additional Protocol. These international reactions did not stop even after the end of the apartheid era, and in 1998, apartheid was included as an example of war crime in the Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Furthermore, paragraph 1 of Article 86 AP I, which obliges parties to suppress serious violations of the Protocol, ensures that apartheid is included as a war crime in the domestic criminal laws of many countries, and the destruction of apartheid in South Africa will not change this. In fact, it is the increasing (but debatable)use of the term apartheid in laws that makes Israel's actions in the Occupied Palestinian Territories(OPT)cause or even increase individual criminal prosecution in this context. In other words, although the inclusion of the Apartheid Convention on Israel's actions faces challenges, there are no such restrictions regarding the provisions of API. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Ethic crimes Related to unauthorized activities related to Currency Password
Mohammad Esmaeil Abdollahi Sara Hosseinpour Chaijani

<p>Economic instability, declining revenues, and government control over economic policies have led to weakening economic security in the private sector and other domestic sectors. Cryptocurrency crimes are the result of scattered tactics commensurate with the electroni More

<p>Economic instability, declining revenues, and government control over economic policies have led to weakening economic security in the private sector and other domestic sectors. Cryptocurrency crimes are the result of scattered tactics commensurate with the electronic deposit and withdrawal of currency,including the use of Bitcoin, Light Coin, Atrium, and other cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes;The present article aims to investigate the crimes of illegal activities related to cryptocurrencies,which has been done by descriptive and analytical methods, while examining the concept of crimes and illegal activities in the field of cryptocurrencies to identify new methods of cryptocurrencies by criminals with Use cryptocurrencies; In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of using cryptocurrencies have been legally analyzed to provide an effective step in identifying the crimes of criminals and preventing them in order to achieve the goals of the research and reveal its dimensions. The results of the study show; Virtual and digital currencies are not in fact illegal. On the other hand, the law for their use has not been approved, except for citing Article 138 of the Constitution of 1398, which uses the currency code subject to the approval of the Ministry of Industry and Mines. Operation based on monetary and payment networks based on blockchain technology and related businesses has focused on developers or a stakeholder organization, which remains a major challenge.</p> Manuscript profile

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