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Open Access Article

1 - Unknown Works as Sources of Some Ideas In Kashf-ol-Mahjub
ایمان منسوب بصیری

Kashf-ol-Mahjub of Hujwiri is one of the most authoritative ancient sources of the mysticism in Persian literature. So it might be useful in searching for the unknown sources influential in forming Persian-Islamic mysticism, which have mostly been used by the author wit More

Kashf-ol-Mahjub of Hujwiri is one of the most authoritative ancient sources of the mysticism in Persian literature. So it might be useful in searching for the unknown sources influential in forming Persian-Islamic mysticism, which have mostly been used by the author without mentioning them since during the translation movement, mainly from Greek into Arabic, the exact titles or authors of most translated works were ignored, and remained unknown for Muslim writers. This was because, traditionally, ancient authors rarely mentioned the source of their citation. This resulted in the fact that some considered the second author the true owner of the quotation. In this article, introducing the sources of some phrases used in this book, we have tried to show the common sources in forming Islamic and Christian mysticism and to investigate their traces in Kashf-ol-Mahjub. Clearly, it might be the case that association of ideas has developed common thoughts between these two cultures. It is hard to render every similar idea to adaptation, or a direct influence of one on the other. Manuscript profile

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2 - A Comparative Study and Analysis of the Antichrist in Persian Poetry and Islamic Traditions
Elham Nazary Esmail Tajbakhsh

The issue of the Antichrist has been mentioned in most religions and his sedition has been reminded to the prophets as first mentioned of him in the Epistle of John. According to John, the Antichrist is any one who has different opinions about the embodiment of Christ, More

The issue of the Antichrist has been mentioned in most religions and his sedition has been reminded to the prophets as first mentioned of him in the Epistle of John. According to John, the Antichrist is any one who has different opinions about the embodiment of Christ, and any spirit that denies the embodiment of Jesus is the Antichrist. But the background to the formation of the concept of the Antichrist can be found in the apocalyptic and revelationtic discussions of the early periods of Jewish history, especially in the book of Daniel. This issue has been mentioned in various forms in Islamic texts and some possibilities have been given about its origin. Some believe that he is a person and some believe that he is a type and a description.With the introduction of Quranic and Islamic themes in Persian literature, themes related to the Antichrist have also been used by poets and have been reflected in their poetry. The poets' intention in expressing these themes was not merely an allusion, but they used them to express their views in the form of similes, metaphors and symbols. Although the Antichrist is a hated figure and has not been widely reflected in Persian poetry; Nevertheless, this reflection is low, special and significant. In Persian poetry, "the person of the Antichrist" is predominant and poets do not pay attention to other possibilities given about him in Islamic texts. This article has examined the reflection of the Antichrist in two areas of Islamic texts and Persian poetry in separate sections and, in conclusion, has made a comparison between these two areas in this regard. Manuscript profile

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3 - Ethical and Educational Behavior of Jesus in the works of Kamal al-Din Esfahani
Enayat Sharifi

In the treasure of Islamic literature, the Prophets, as the perfect fortunes of humanity, have a great place to be praised. One of these idealists in which the speakers and writers have mentioned the name of the merciless in their works, is Jesus Christ (AS), whose deat More

In the treasure of Islamic literature, the Prophets, as the perfect fortunes of humanity, have a great place to be praised. One of these idealists in which the speakers and writers have mentioned the name of the merciless in their works, is Jesus Christ (AS), whose death and life are all marvelous. Kamal al-Din Isma'il Isfahani, the poet of the poet's book, in the middle of his speech, in order to express the mental and objective events of his time, as well as to increase the effect of the sentence and preaching and the guidance on the mosque and the hint, to the important events of his life, from birth to ascension, eye had. The basis of this great information is the Holy Quran, narrations, news and commentary, and Qur'anic stories. The complexity of the abilities allows him to concentrate on the subject. What Kamal al-Din Isma'il portrays from Jesus (AS) is an excellent example of the characteristics of the unclean existence of the Prophet. In the future, the evidences and documents gathered from the court of this great poet about the image of Jesus (AS) are based on such titles as: signification, marvelous birth, speech in the cradle, ascension on the planet, miracles, and so on. Classification and explanation. It's easy.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Ethical and Educational Behavior of Jesus in the works of Kamal al-Din Esfahani
ZAHRA SHEYHAKI habib jadidolaslam ghalehno

In the treasure of Islamic literature, the Prophets, as the perfect fortunes of humanity, have a great place to be praised. One of these idealists in which the speakers and writers have mentioned the name of the merciless in their works, is Jesus Christ (AS), whose deat More

In the treasure of Islamic literature, the Prophets, as the perfect fortunes of humanity, have a great place to be praised. One of these idealists in which the speakers and writers have mentioned the name of the merciless in their works, is Jesus Christ (AS), whose death and life are all marvelous. Kamal al-Din Isma'il Isfahani, the poet of the poet's book, in the middle of his speech, in order to express the mental and objective events of his time, as well as to increase the effect of the sentence and preaching and the guidance on the mosque and the hint, to the important events of his life, from birth to ascension, eye had. The basis of this great information is the Holy Quran, narrations, news and commentary, and Qur'anic stories. The complexity of the abilities allows him to concentrate on the subject. What Kamal al-Din Isma'il portrays from Jesus (AS) is an excellent example of the characteristics of the unclean existence of the Prophet. In the future, the evidences and documents gathered from the court of this great poet about the image of Jesus (AS) are based on such titles as: signification, marvelous birth, speech in the cradle, ascension on the planet, miracles, and so on. Classification and explanation. It's easy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Comparatively Surveys the Issue of "Determinism" and "Free Will" among Abraham Religions

This article comparatively surveys the issue of "determinism" and "free will" among holy religions. According to the heavenly religions, we want to distinguish the stand of free will in human being; moreover, whether Allah has created him in determinism or thoroughly gi More

This article comparatively surveys the issue of "determinism" and "free will" among holy religions. According to the heavenly religions, we want to distinguish the stand of free will in human being; moreover, whether Allah has created him in determinism or thoroughly given him free will is in the question. Separately surveying these issues in all three religions, this article distinguishably circulates theirs experts' verdicts; furthermore, it compares and adapts their verdicts to each, considering the differences, and finally it selects the appreciated and complete one. Initially we took a look at the verdicts of Ash'arīyūn, Mu'tazilah, and Shiite in the school of Islam, then the verdicts of jewish experts such as Sa'dīyā, Ibrāhīm ibn 'adhrā, and Ibrāhīm ibn dāvūd have been discussed. The verdicts of christian experts like Saint Augustines, Pelagius, and their companions have been examined at the end Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Faith, Doubt and Education

The essence of faith is a controversial issue, especially among Muslim and, more prevalently, among Christian thinkers. In this connection, the relation between faith and doubt is one of the main cases of the diffrences of this controversy. In an attempt to pin down the More

The essence of faith is a controversial issue, especially among Muslim and, more prevalently, among Christian thinkers. In this connection, the relation between faith and doubt is one of the main cases of the diffrences of this controversy. In an attempt to pin down the sources of these differences, this paper trace their roots to matters such as differences in the contents of religious beliefs, the theoretical presuppositions of the religious thinkers, the different socio-political experiences of the religious societies and, finally, the differences in the intellectual-philosophical currents affecting these two religious fields. Admitting the important role of the last component, one can expect that the rapid growth of communications as the main channel of exchange of ideas may create opportunities for the Islamic thought to come into contact with rival and opposing views on account of which the Islamic Faith may face the same challenges that Christianity had to confront in recent centuries. This article, by using a concept analytical method toward explaining the relationship between faith and doubt, adopts an epistemological approach called constructivist realism as a basis for Islamic Faith and maintains that contrary to the belief by certain circles of Christianity, doubt cannot be regarded as an integral element of faith. Although the existence of doubt is undeniable, it is not a challenger vis-a-vis faith. This premise seems to predispose Islamic education to, on the one hand, promote tolerance regarding doubt and to emphasize effort and motivation for attaining certainty on the other. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Cultural and social interaction and confrontation between Muslims and Christians in Andalusia
Masood Farshidnia zahra hamedi Mojtaba Khalife

The Umayyads of Andalusia created a history in Western Europe that has distinctive features from their past. During the Middle Ages, the Maghreb interacted with Islamic civilization and they were influenced by Islamic culture, and then, by recognizing Islamic culture, t More

The Umayyads of Andalusia created a history in Western Europe that has distinctive features from their past. During the Middle Ages, the Maghreb interacted with Islamic civilization and they were influenced by Islamic culture, and then, by recognizing Islamic culture, they gradually influenced the Islamic government. Along with factors such as Europeans' familiarity with Muslim scholarly centers, economic growth, urban sprawl, and the establishment of schools in churches and monasteries, the translation of Arabic books into Latin was also an important factor in the astonishing growth of European universities. One of the effective factors in the emergence and consolidation of civilization, can manifest itself in the form of the use of common language. During the reign of Islamic culture in Andalusia, in addition to Arabic, which was the official language of educational and governmental institutions, Latin was also used in local churches and administrative systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Criticize to Kazantzakis based on Love, freedom and justice in opposite of Christian
Mohammad Hasan Barzegar arastoo mirani mohammadali mir

Christian morality has undergone various ups and downs since its formation. In the last two decades, Western thinkers, philosophers, and theologians have criticized the Bible and its teachings, the historical character of Jesus Christ, the behavior and actions of the ch More

Christian morality has undergone various ups and downs since its formation. In the last two decades, Western thinkers, philosophers, and theologians have criticized the Bible and its teachings, the historical character of Jesus Christ, the behavior and actions of the church and the its leaders in the Middle Ages. In his writings, Nikos Kazantzakis criticizes institutional Christianity, the portrayal of Jesus Christ in the Bible, and his teachings and Christian monasticism. Relying on components such as love, freedom and justice, he portrays the Christian to be a model for the human race in modern times, which is experiencing a moral and spiritual crisis. Kazantzakis critiques Christianity, in which the church and the clergy seek to justify the degenerate morals of society, the rich and the poor, and the domination of oppressors and tyrants over society through deterministic teachings. He sees Christian monasticism as devoid of the creative spirit that separates man from the earth today but does not take him to heaven. This study aims to present Kazantzakis critiques of Christian ethics through descriptive methods and data analysis in some of his works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Scope and basics of humility in the New Testament
Fatemeh hajiakbari Hossein Heydari

The common and ultimate goal of Abrahamic Religions is the flourishing of moral virtues, among the most important of these virtues is reducing selfishness and arrogance, and deepening and promoting humility before creatures and their Creator. One of the characteristics More

The common and ultimate goal of Abrahamic Religions is the flourishing of moral virtues, among the most important of these virtues is reducing selfishness and arrogance, and deepening and promoting humility before creatures and their Creator. One of the characteristics of Christians according to the Holy Quran is their humility. From the point of view of Christians, the character of humility in the human heart is the cause and result of deep and lasting peace of mind, love of God and people, compassion and kindness towards everyone, while pride is one of the seven major sins and plays a unique role in the causal chain of sins. A study of humility in the New Testament in this paper shows that there is a deep dialectical relationship between the Christian belief foundations in the fields of theology, ontology, Christology and anthropology with behavioural patterns of Christian ethics. With descriptive and analytical methods, this article deals with the extent and range of examples and foundations of humility in the three: cognitive, emotional and behavioural dimensions in the New Testament and reviews the model of humility in the chain of Christian ethics. Manuscript profile

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