List of Articles Beautification

• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  1 - The Functional of Epithets in Hafez’s Sonnets
  asghar shahbazi
  Epithets are attributes that, unlike attributes in the grammatical and logical sense, have many artistic and poetic functions, and in this way, cause the poetry language to be distinguished.Hafez is superior in the discovery, construction, and use of this type of epithe More

  Epithets are attributes that, unlike attributes in the grammatical and logical sense, have many artistic and poetic functions, and in this way, cause the poetry language to be distinguished.Hafez is superior in the discovery, construction, and use of this type of epithets, but his artistic techniques have not been well studied yet, and as a result, most of the opinions on this subject are presented just about a few of his poems; so the present paper tried to examine this issue in Hafez’ sonnetsscientifically using the content analysis. According to this paper, it has been determined that Hafez has over 1400 descriptive compositions, 560 successor attributes, and 58 descriptive groups, from which more than 480 are epithets; that is, they have aesthetic function and made the language prominence. These epithets are analyzed in this paper based on the type of function, and it has been determined that the epithets of Hafez in his sonnets have the functions of beatification (Sarve Senoubarkharaam), uglification (Dajal Fe’l Molhedolshekl), magnification (Zabaane Atashin), metaphorical (Ashke ghammaz), sarcastic(Kootah Astinaan), simile (Dele senoubari) and allegory (Adame Beheshti). Since most of them are associated with a kind of innovation and fantasizing, they have cause the poetic language to be prominent and distinguished; therefore, Hafez is a great poet in this regard. This issue can be studied on literary masterpieces such as Shahnameh and Boostan by which the different epithets can be found in literary genres. Manuscript profile
• Open Access Article
  • Abstract Page
  • Full-Text
  
  2 - Investigating the strategies for empowering the worn-out urban fabric of a case study in District 9 of Tehran
  samira Rezaee
  In the corners and along the urban spaces of Iran, especially in the old context of some areas of Tehran, such as region 9, there is a type of land urban spaces that have not been defined in the legal system and urban planning. In urban terms, these lands are called wor More

  In the corners and along the urban spaces of Iran, especially in the old context of some areas of Tehran, such as region 9, there is a type of land urban spaces that have not been defined in the legal system and urban planning. In urban terms, these lands are called worn-out textures and marginal areas or worn-out textures. In general, the causes and consequences of marginal areas and worn-out areas, in addition to physical ugliness, security problems, and environmental problems, can be summarized in four groups: economic, social, legal causes, legal causes, and physical-environmental causes. Since District 9 of Tehran Municipality has more worn-out texture than other areas, so in this study we intend to investigate the management of worn-out urban texture (case study: District 9 of Tehran). In this research, using field observations and interviews and with the help of urban maps, the management of the worn-out urban fabric of District 9 of Tehran Municipality as one of the central and important areas of this city has been analyzed. The results show that the most important causes of occurrence and formation of worn texture in District 9 of Tehran are: severe wear of buildings in the old texture, problems related to the network of texture passages, without using some urban elements, density and connectivity of the texture, problems Due to the materials used and the way of repairing the building, lack of services and facilities and urban and infrastructure facilities, as well as some problem and s due to the weakness of laws in acquiring and correcting the use of worn-out structures and management problems of Tehran 9th District Municipality. Manuscript profile