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  1 - A Comparative Study of Witnesses Hearing in Virtual Arbitration in Arbitration Systems of the US, European and Iranian
  masoud akhavan Reza  Shahidi Sadeghi
  In the present era, due to advances in new technologies, including cyber-space, we face quantitative and qualitative opportunities, including the issue of hearing the testimony of witnesses in cyber-Space arbitration. Hearing the testimony of witnesses in the cyber-spac More

  In the present era, due to advances in new technologies, including cyber-space, we face quantitative and qualitative opportunities, including the issue of hearing the testimony of witnesses in cyber-Space arbitration. Hearing the testimony of witnesses in the cyber-space in accordance with the specification or implication of valid international laws and conventions such as the UNCITRAL Model Arbitration Law and the Arbitration Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce and also by the meaning of some provisions of Internal arbitration laws and the International Commercial Arbitration Law and explicitly stipulated in the Electronic Commerce Law, has been supported by the Iranian legislator and has been granted judicial validity. In this descriptive-analytical article, the authors intend to discuss the hearing of witness testimony in cyber-space arbitration in a comparative manner in the arbitration systems of the united states, europe and Iran. witnesses hearing as well as opportunities and challenges in the process of hearing to witnesses in cyber-space arbitration should be explored. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Genetic Modification of Human Characteristics and Capacities in View of Ethics and Jurisprudence
  Akram  Safiri Zahrasadat  Mirhashemi
  Abstract: Genetic technology and its application on man is one of the newly discovered scientific issues that helps genetic modification of human forces and capacities to change him into a super-human. Genetic modification of human capacities is creating a change, alter More

  Abstract: Genetic technology and its application on man is one of the newly discovered scientific issues that helps genetic modification of human forces and capacities to change him into a super-human. Genetic modification of human capacities is creating a change, altering or genetically modifying human genes so that some organs function beyond natural limits of humans. Genetic modification does not pursue treatment of people with certain diseases; rather, it reinforces genetic characteristics of a healthy human. The general ethical codes and principles as well as the rule of wisdom that are based on the advantages and disadvantages of using this technology, serve as guidelines for us in issuing an ethical rule on reinforcing human capacities through this technology. To that end, this paper intends to have access to a crystal clear ethical rule on genetic modification based on ethics and Fiqh or Islamic jurisprudence. We will study genetic modification of human capacities by genetic selection of the embryo in comparison with genetic modification of human capacities through genetic recombinant. In the meantime, we will discuss in detail the disadvantages and damages coming from genetic modification, highlight its unethical manners and propose its prohibition by law. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Labor Investors Standard; Take a Step toward Human Resource Development within the Progressive Organizations
  Mausomeh Dastani
  Nowadays, with remarkable increasing of technology aspects, human resources are mentioned as most important organizational assets. The importance of human resource development and and the effect of on right HR management can improve the organization performance and caus More

  Nowadays, with remarkable increasing of technology aspects, human resources are mentioned as most important organizational assets. The importance of human resource development and and the effect of on right HR management can improve the organization performance and cause the appearance of different concepts and approaches for increasing human resource performance. Improving the performance of the organization requires a pre-defined standard framework. This framework delivered to such organization by Investors in People Standard (IIPS) and gives this chance to the organizations in order to make an infrastructure and suitable environment which will result in developing human resources and improving organization performance. This standard was the first standard for developing human resource which has been edited via the excellence organizations in 1990. The above mentioned standards are useful tools for progressive organizations and corporations. It can cause human resource development by implementing optimal business management leading to organizations action reforms, and finally realizing organization goals and increasing its competitive ability. This article aims to present concepts and analyzed-common standard framework and advantages and positive results held by this standard in business and competitive advantages in the excellence organizations. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Analytical Study Of The Differences Between The 1956 And 1976 Rent Laws And Their Advantages And Disadvantages
  Fateme Farad_e_falsafi
  10.61186/ahrar.45872.4.7.1
  The right to goodwill and the right to acquire or trade are among the most important issues related to rent, which have a very important place in legal and economic issues. The change and evolution of this legal institution and the legislation in relation to them have a More

  The right to goodwill and the right to acquire or trade are among the most important issues related to rent, which have a very important place in legal and economic issues. The change and evolution of this legal institution and the legislation in relation to them have always caused sensitivity and controversy. Finally, I will briefly present what we conclude in this thesis as follows: What is clear is that the majority of jurists agree on this matter that the right to acquire or trade is a financial right that is different from goodwill that is realized for the tenant of the place of business or trade and its collection by the tenant depends on the mention of it. It is not in the contract. But its realization depends on the material and immaterial elements of the merchant's or professional's capital, or in other words, one of the components of the business. This right is based on a series of material and spiritual principles and criteria that merchants or artisans use in order to meet the needs of their customers. In this research, we intend to examine the differences between the goodwill of the 1956 law and the 1976 law and its advantages and disadvantages in the form of a library. Manuscript profile