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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Feasibility of Increasing the Shelf Life Hens Packed with Cellulose Pad and Lemon Extract and Its Environmental Effects
        Hamed Kioumarsi Azam Barani-Beyranvand Hamed  Ghafouri-Oskuyi
        Environmental pollution caused by the blood from packaged chicken is one of the biggest problems in the production and distribution of these products. The effect of packaging with cellulose pad and lemon extract on chicken drumstick samples was studied on some chemical, More
        Environmental pollution caused by the blood from packaged chicken is one of the biggest problems in the production and distribution of these products. The effect of packaging with cellulose pad and lemon extract on chicken drumstick samples was studied on some chemical, microbial and physical properties. The environmental effects of this study are also important because the compounds released from poultry waste will be reduced if microbial growth is prevented. The results showed that the effect of cellulose and the presence of extracts compared to samples without pad on blood absorption factors, inhibition of TVN increase and peroxide was significant (p <0.01). This can be due to the absorption of compounds in blood by pad and the presence of phenolic and antioxidant compounds in the extract that increase the quality of the samples containing the pad with the extract. The presence of 5% and 1% of lemon extract inhibits the increase of total microbial load and cryophilic bacteria, respectively. Examination of odor, color and total desirability results in chicken thigh samples showed that all samples were in good condition on day 0, which did not change significantly in the smell and color properties after just using the cellulose pad. However, changes in color compared to the smell of the product are more noticeable due to blood absorption and reduction of meat storage capacity over a period of 6 days. In general, over time, the samples containing the extract were in better conditions for all factors than the control samples. As a result, it will prevent the increase of microbial contamination, bloodshed and other harmful factors to the environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - A Short History of Sharḥ al-Manẓūmah and its Use as a Textbook in Iran and in the World
        Mohammad Mahdi Kamali
        It is more than 200 years since the monumental book of Sharḥ al-manẓūmah was written by Mullā Hādī Sabziwārī, the prominent philosopher in the field of the Transcendent Philosophy. During these 200 years, this book has always functioned as one of the most important text More
        It is more than 200 years since the monumental book of Sharḥ al-manẓūmah was written by Mullā Hādī Sabziwārī, the prominent philosopher in the field of the Transcendent Philosophy. During these 200 years, this book has always functioned as one of the most important texts in various seminaries and philosophy centers in Iran and in the world, and no other work, whether in the style of Sharḥ al-manẓūmah itself or in another style, has ever been able to replace it. What has resulted in the fame and endurance of this book is, firstly, the supreme scientific and spiritual character of its writer and, secondly, its expression of content in the poetic style for the first time; its comprehensiveness in terms of various philosophical problems and views; its innovative style; its concise but precise nature; its frequent use as a textbook by its writer; the existence of various glosses and commentaries on this work, and its being used as a textbook by several prominent teachers over time. In this paper, while dealing with the place of Sharḥ al-manẓūmah among similar works and its advantages and reasons for longevity in academic centers, the authors have provided a report of the history of this book, the quality of its teaching in Iran and in the whole world, and introduced its distinguished teachers during different periods in different educational centers. Manuscript profile