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      • Open Access Article

        1 - Themes of Love and Determinism in the Naturalistic Stories by Sadegh Chubak
        Nasrin  Hallajan Parvin  Dokht Mashhur Mehdi  Norouz Mahboubeh  Zia Khodadadian
        Love and determinism ‎are the most prominent themes of Persian literature. Determinism ‎is opposite to the highly frequent term Free will. Love in its spiritual aspect is reminiscent of the mysticism of the Divine Atonement, both physically and according to its instinct More
        Love and determinism ‎are the most prominent themes of Persian literature. Determinism ‎is opposite to the highly frequent term Free will. Love in its spiritual aspect is reminiscent of the mysticism of the Divine Atonement, both physically and according to its instinctual origin, and is known as earthly love. The current paper aims at examining, describing, and analyzing Sadegh Chubak Naturalist fictional works to study his view of Earthly and Physical Love and Human Fate. The animal nature of human in these stories as an overbearing, lustful creature is portrayed in a naturalistic view, and love is presented as a legitimate experience in the form of physical and gendered desire and determinism, that is, human beings - has to comply with biological requirements, and fails to exercise the will of man to submit since destiny is inevitable. In his stories, Chubak relies on the influence of modernism on fate, ambiguity and inheritance on characters Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - A man in a cage summarizes naturalism
        Neda nabizadeh ardebili
        As a literary school, in the middle of the nineteenth century, naturalism opened up a new hinge to the artist in France, where the hero of the story was no longer a romantic man, not even a realist man, but a more humane, more subtle human being than that It can even b More
        As a literary school, in the middle of the nineteenth century, naturalism opened up a new hinge to the artist in France, where the hero of the story was no longer a romantic man, not even a realist man, but a more humane, more subtle human being than that It can even be in the outside world; that is, an animal in the form of a human being that manifests itself in particular in difficult circumstances. This school has come to be found all over the world, among which Sadegh Chubak is one of the emblems who have been kidnapped by others in drawing up a jade-filled atmosphere from Jabrust. In this article, which analyzes the style of Chubak, we sought to discover the naturalistic elements in Chubak's story. The result of the study shows that almost all the principles of this school in the works of Chubak can be seen as determinism, Yas and Vanamidi, followed by absurdism, the use of colloquial language, anti-morality, religious unreliability, the cost of living animals And in contrast to the degradation of a human-animal-level human being, he is one of the characteristics that he finds in most of his stories. But in the meantime, the story of "Man in a Cage," he extracts all the features of the school of naturalism, which we have examined in this article Manuscript profile