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Open Access Article

1 - The Ethical Principles of Judicial Oversight in Criminal Proceedings
Abdulreza Mansouri Dehbid Ahmad Ramezani mansour atashene

The enactment of numerous laws and regulations in accordance with ethical standards all results from knowing and respecting the inherent dignity of individuals. The inherent dignity of the human being requires that due process be observed in the process of criminal proc More

The enactment of numerous laws and regulations in accordance with ethical standards all results from knowing and respecting the inherent dignity of individuals. The inherent dignity of the human being requires that due process be observed in the process of criminal proceedings in order to maintain and uphold this criterion to protect the rights of the parties, in particular the accused. The premise of innocence or the principle of absurdity, the principle of the rule of law, the principle of accountability and the avoidance of distortion of justice and judicial errors can be considered as one of the most important ethical principles of judicial supervision. In this regard, the observance of citizenship rights, in the domestic and international context as reflected in the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 2013, has led to judicial oversight of judicial authorities' conduct in the process of prosecution and investigation in relation to the fundamental rights of individuals. Special attention is given to the law. The basic principles of the law in criminal proceedings, and consequently the responsibility and accountability of the relevant judicial authorities, to prevent the abuses and violations of the rights of individuals, in particular the defendants; Descriptive analysis of the philosophy and ethical foundations of the legal establishment of judicial oversight in modern criminal justice systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - An Analysis of the Impact and Role of hosn and ghobh Intellect in Ethics
hormoz asadikohbad

Intellectual admiration and rebuke is one of the foundational issues of human thought that has always been one of the cornerstones of dialogue . The struggle between Socrates and Plato with the Sophists was centered on whether there were firm principles for measuring t More

Intellectual admiration and rebuke is one of the foundational issues of human thought that has always been one of the cornerstones of dialogue . The struggle between Socrates and Plato with the Sophists was centered on whether there were firm principles for measuring the truth. In Islamic thoughts too, the basis of the controversy between Asharite thought and Justice has been the belief in the rational admiration of things that until the time of Ibn Sina all thinkers believed in the essence and reasonableness of good and evil. But then some took a different approach, although the origins of these discussions in theology were in the discussion of the attributes of transcendency, and theologians of the both thought argued to prove their theory. But its role and impact in other sciences such as ethics and moral philosophy is undeniable. The importance and necessity of this issue is that the denial at the good and the inherent evil of the verbs eliminates the eternal foundations for moral and ethical affairs and will lead to moral relativism. So these two theorems are at the root of all human ethics and additionally make sense in the light of this theory of moral responsibility, so this research has examined this important analytically and descriptively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - God’s Will in Ṭūsī, Mullā Ṣadrā, and ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī
Armin Mansouri Ali Alahbedashti

The howness of God’s Will is one of the problems that has provoked a lot of discussion in the field of theology. Although all philosophers have accepted God’s Will as a Divine Attribute, there are several disagreements in its interpretation. The purpose of this paper is More

The howness of God’s Will is one of the problems that has provoked a lot of discussion in the field of theology. Although all philosophers have accepted God’s Will as a Divine Attribute, there are several disagreements in its interpretation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate, compare, and evaluate the views of Khwājah Naṣīr al-Dīn Ṭūsī, Mullā Ṣadrā, and ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī in terms of the semantics, origin, and ontology of God’s Will. Ṭūsī maintains that will is the same as motive, which is the same as knowledge of the goodness of act, and thus believes in God’s essential will as an essential attribute. Mullā Ṣadrā also adds the sameness of love with will to the sameness of the knowledge of goodness of act with act and introduces will as an essential attribute. Moreover, he justifies the Infallible Imam’s narrations regarding the sameness of will with act by changing its meaning from having the intention to perform an act to the making and changing of its level from essence to the level of actual existents. However, ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī views the identity of free will with the knowledge of the best system as a verbal conflict and a merely different denomination. He disagrees with equating free will with any essential attribute (such as love) other than knowledge. Thus he maintains that free will is not an essential attribute but is, rather, abstracted from the level of act and is one of its attributes. He also introduces the essence of an act that occurs in the outside or the presence of perfect cause for the act as its source of abstraction. It seems that ٬Allāmah’s change of ontological view of free will and considering it an actual attribute in justifying rational constraints are more accurate than regarding it as an essential attribute without paying attention to the conceptual difference between free will and knowledge and love, which has been propounded by Ṭūsī and Mullā Ṣadrā. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - A Comparative Study of the Whatness of Time and the Temporal Origination of the World in Fakhr al-Din Razi and Mulla Sadra
Seyyed Mohammad Esmaeil Seyyed Hashemi Seyyed Mohammad Javad Seyyed Hashemi

One of the most important issues which should be addressed before examining the arguments on the originatedness or temporal pre-eternity of the world is what mutikallimun and philosophers mean by originatedness and temporal eternity. This question by itself is based on More

One of the most important issues which should be addressed before examining the arguments on the originatedness or temporal pre-eternity of the world is what mutikallimun and philosophers mean by originatedness and temporal eternity. This question by itself is based on another question as to what they mean by time. Owing to his mastery of kalami and philosophical views and following a critical approach, Fakhr al-Din Razi analyzes and compares the views of mutikallimun and philosophers about the originatedness and temporal pre-eternity of the world and their arguments in this regard and critically reviews the roots and the conceptual and assertoric principles of the two sides with respect to this issue. He believes that mutikallimun’s interpretation of time and temporal origination is absurd. Moreover, he rejects philosophers’ definition of time as to the amount of motion and a continuous quantity and, unlike the common belief, maintains that time is a disjunctive quantity. In contrast to other mutikallimun, he doubts the temporal originatedness of the world of intellects and immaterial entities. Nevertheless, by criticizing the ideas of early mutikallimun and philosophers, Mulla Sadra tries to bring the views of Plato, Aristotle, and other Greek philosophers and followers of other religions in unison with his own ideas, while his interpretation of temporal origination and his fundamental philosophical principles are not consistent with such a unison. This is because the concept of Sadrian temporal originatedness is based on the principiality of existence and trans-substantial motion, which were discussed neither in Greek philosophy nor tackled by Islamic mutikallimun. This paper does not intend to evaluate the arguments on origination or pre-eternity; rather, it explores the whatness of origination or temporal pre-eternity in Mulla Sadra and Fakhr al-Din Razi. The authors believe that their shared objection to mutikallimun and Peripatetic philosophers concerns their interpretation of time and temporal origination. However, the difference between these two thinkers arises from their own conceptions of the whatness of time and temporal origination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Essentialism in the Transcendent Philosophy: Principles and Concomitants
Mohammad Nejati Mostafa Momeni Faroogh Touli

Essentialism indicates the independence of external objects from human interests and perceptions. In Islamic philosophy, based on an affirmative approach, objects are generally considered to be a collection of essential and accidental attributes which are independent fr More

Essentialism indicates the independence of external objects from human interests and perceptions. In Islamic philosophy, based on an affirmative approach, objects are generally considered to be a collection of essential and accidental attributes which are independent from human thought. This problem has two major dimensions in Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy. In his own general approach, based on the common tradition of philosophers, particularly Ibn Sīnā, Mullā Ṣadrā also maintains that external objects are independent from human perception and consist of a series of essential and accidental attributes. Following a specific approach, Mullā Ṣadrā limits the essence of external objects to the single and unique truth of existence while emphasizing the ontological independence of external objects and based on the ontological and epistemological principles of his own philosophy. Moreover, through negating any kind of external origin for essential and accidental components as well as all quiddative consequents, he believes that existents’ possible synthesis of matter and form or genus and differentia is related to the world of the mind and subcategorized under the soul’s power of creativity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Reducing OFF-State Current in Nano-Scale Double Gate Junctionless Field Effect Transistor (DGJL-FET) Using Doping Engineering of Channel Region
S. Kalantari M. Vadizadeh

Scaling the channel length leads to the increased leakage current of double gate junctionless field effect transistor (DGJL-FET) and, as a result, the increased power consumption in OFF-state. The present paper proposes a new structure for reducing the leakage current i More

Scaling the channel length leads to the increased leakage current of double gate junctionless field effect transistor (DGJL-FET) and, as a result, the increased power consumption in OFF-state. The present paper proposes a new structure for reducing the leakage current in DGJL-FET, which is called modified DGJL-FET. In this structure, the channel doping under the gate is the same as the drain and source doping but higher than the mid-channel doping. The simulation results indicated that reducing the thickness of the doped layer under the gate, D, resulted in the reduced OFF-state current. For the proposed device with 10 nm channel length, the OFF-state current is less than that in the regular DGJL-FET by two orders of magnitude. Performance of the regular DGJL-FET and modified DGL-FET for different channel lengths is compared based on the IOFF/ION ratio, sub-threshold slope (SS), and intrinsic gate delay. For modified DGJL-FET, the mid-channel doping and Dare considered as additional parameters for improving the device’s performance in nanometer regime. The simulation results indicated that in the proposed device with channel length of 15 nm, values of SS and IOFF/ION ratio are improved compared to the regular DGJL-FET by 14% and 106 orders of magnitude, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Improvement in Electrical Characteristics of Silicon on Insulator Junctionless Field Effect Transistor (SOI-JLFET) Using the Auxiliary Gate
M. Vadizadeh

Silicon on insulator junctionless field effect transistor (SOI-JLFET) includes a single type doping at the same level in the source, channel, and drain regions. Therefore, its fabrication process is easier than inversion mode SOI-FET. However, SOI-JLFET suffers from hig More

Silicon on insulator junctionless field effect transistor (SOI-JLFET) includes a single type doping at the same level in the source, channel, and drain regions. Therefore, its fabrication process is easier than inversion mode SOI-FET. However, SOI-JLFET suffers from high subthreshold slope (SS) as well as high leakage current. As a result, the SOI-JLFET device has limitation for high speed and low power applications. For the first time in this study, use of the auxiliary gate in the drain region of the SOI-JLFET has been proposed to improve the both SS and leakage current parameters. The proposed structure is called "SOI-JLFET Aug". The optimal selection for the auxiliary gate work function and its length, has improved the both SS and ION/IOFF ratio parameters, as compared to Regular SOI-JLFET. Simulation results show that, SOI-JLFET Aug with 20nm channel length exhibits the SS~71mV/dec and ION/IOFF~1013. SS and ON-state to OFF-state current (ION/IOFF) ratio of SOI-JLFET Aug are improved by 14% and three orders of magnitudes, respectively, as compared to the Regular SOI-JLFET. The SOI-JLEFT Aug could be good candidate for digital applications. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Study of the possibility of Divine Intuitive Cognition and its Role in the Development of Humanities. According to Islamic Traditions
Mohammad Hasan Ghadrdan Maleki

Elites have always been concerned with the development of their knowledge. Among the others, divine intuitive cognition directly associated with divine faith and virtu plays an important role. The study of the possibility of divine intuitive cognition and its role in t More

Elites have always been concerned with the development of their knowledge. Among the others, divine intuitive cognition directly associated with divine faith and virtu plays an important role. The study of the possibility of divine intuitive cognition and its role in the development of humanities. Method: This article will try to explain the concept, roles and capabilities of divine intuitive cognition in the development of humanities To do so, it will make use of Islamic sources with a deseriptive analytical approach in the light of inferential attitude. Man has recently ignored the role of divine intuitive cognition in the improvement of humanities, which has resulted in not meeting the challenges such as limitation of cognition ways and not being satisfied with materialistic needs. However, the principles of epistemology Ontology and anthropology based on divine intuitive cognition can improve humanitia Conclusion: Divine intuitive cognition, which shows the real human nature better can help us to know man better 3 which is the aim of humanities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A Critique of the Theory of the End of Comparative Philosophy Based on Steven Burik’s View
Maryam Parvizi Ghasem Pourhasan

Since the coinage of the term “comparative philosophy” several views have been propounded concerning its whatness, principles, and function. Some thinkers emphasize the end of comparative philosophy, and some others insist on its significance and necessity. There are st More

Since the coinage of the term “comparative philosophy” several views have been propounded concerning its whatness, principles, and function. Some thinkers emphasize the end of comparative philosophy, and some others insist on its significance and necessity. There are still others who advocate the beginning of some basic changes in this school from Europe-centeredness to interaction and dialog with others. However, the word “end” has different meanings the investigation of which could lead to three main meanings and referents for it: 1) essential impossibility: the followers of this theory believe that comparative philosophy suffers from an important defect called “impossibility in essence” because of its internal problems and shortages and should not have been formed at all; 2) appearance of all possibilities and actualization of all potencies and abilities, which emphasizes the principle of progress and perfection; 3) end of the past and a new beginning. Following an analytic-descriptive method and relying on Steven Burik’s viewpoint, the present study investigates and evaluates the theory of the end of comparative philosophy based on these three meanings. Apparently, what opponents of comparative philosophy emphasize is end in the first sense because they believe that this kind of philosophy has become “Europe-centered” and cannot enter any dialog or interaction with other scientific traditions and systems. Accordingly, it conceptually enjoys a kind of essential impossibility. Nevertheless, unlike the opponents, Burik believes that comparative philosophy is necessary for stopping the East’s isolation and the growth of Europe-centeredness. Through adopting a critical approach to the “previous comparative philosophy” because of its Europe-centeredness, he pays attention to the “future comparative philosophy”, which bears two responsibilities: 1) maintaining various methods of thinking and 2) facilitating the relationship between these methods without reducing one to another. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Examining The Foundations, Competence And Nature Of Internal And External Courts
Fatemeh Ramezani Abbas Taghvaee

The anticipated principle regarding the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court is the principle of supplementary jurisdiction, which only governs the relationship between the jurisdiction of the Court and national courts. Jurisdiction, as one of the features o More

The anticipated principle regarding the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court is the principle of supplementary jurisdiction, which only governs the relationship between the jurisdiction of the Court and national courts. Jurisdiction, as one of the features of the government's sovereignty, has passed the traditional territorial rule and objects and It includes the property of Khalraj from the territory of the government. The expansion of jurisdiction rules, which is justified based on the interests of the government and the legitimate interests of individuals, in some cases imposes huge costs on litigants and hearing authorities. Ensuring public interests and conducting a fair trial requires that the hearing authority refrain from exercising broad jurisdiction by considering indicators such as parallel proceedings in a foreign country, the existence of suitable conditions for proceedings in a foreign country, or the need to observe courtesy towards the foreign government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - A reflection on the rule of inherent beauty and ugliness
Mohammad Hassan Ghadrdan Qaramaleki

The principle of intrinsic and rational beauty and ugliness is considered one of the key theological rules in the two fields of "ontology" and "epistemology". However, the exact explanation of these two rules in both the above fields has been met with ambiguities by the More

The principle of intrinsic and rational beauty and ugliness is considered one of the key theological rules in the two fields of "ontology" and "epistemology". However, the exact explanation of these two rules in both the above fields has been met with ambiguities by theologians and philosophers. In this article, the author, using a rational method and analyzing seven theories of the principle of inherent beauty and ugliness, while evaluating the first six theories, presented a new explanation and interpretation of the theory of inherent beauty and ugliness and called it "formative and expedient beauty and ugliness and the involvement of interests." In the abstraction of beauty and ugliness" he delivered and proved it. Also, at the end of the article, the question of the conflict between the theory of theologians and philosophers is examined and criticized, and the conclusion is that the famous readings of Imami theologians and philosophers are aligned. Manuscript profile

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