درونی

Open Access Article

1 - Impact of knowledge sharing on team innovation of faculty members: case study Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
amirhossein kayzouri amir sadeghi

The aim of this study was the impact of knowledge sharing on team innovation Ferdowsi University of Mashhad faculty. Methods of the present study, the correlation (path analysis) and sampling is stratified sampling. This research using the questionnaire on the faculty o More

The aim of this study was the impact of knowledge sharing on team innovation Ferdowsi University of Mashhad faculty. Methods of the present study, the correlation (path analysis) and sampling is stratified sampling. This research using the questionnaire on the faculty of Ferdowsi Consisting of 261 patients was conducted. The results showed that attitude to share knowledge and motivation through the sharing of knowledge on innovation team are faculty members of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad indirect effect. But the desire to share knowledge through the sharing of knowledge on innovation team Ferdowsi University of Mashhad faculty had no effect. As well as the sharing of knowledge and innovation team of faculty members of Mashhad were satisfactory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Mediating role of internal motivation in effect of authenic leadership on human resource creativity (study case: staff in University of Kashan)
hamid rahimi

Authenic leaders, through their particular efforts in higher education, can excite the inner motivation of the workforce to develop creative behaviors. Thus this research was mediating role of internal motivation in effect of authenic leadership on human resource creati More

Authenic leaders, through their particular efforts in higher education, can excite the inner motivation of the workforce to develop creative behaviors. Thus this research was mediating role of internal motivation in effect of authenic leadership on human resource creativity (study case: staff in University of Kashan). Research type was descriptive correlative. The statistical population consisted all of staffs' in University of Kashan (N=547) that by using Cochran Formula and strafied randomized sampling 230 ones were chosen as sample. To gathering datas used from authenic leadership standard questionnaire, creativity standard questionnaire and internal motivation questionnaire on base 5 likert scales. Questionnaires constuction validity through confirmed factor analysis confrimed. Through Cronbach alpha coefficient, questionnaires reliability were obtained equal to 0.88 for authenic leadership, 0.85 for creativity and 0.94 for internal motivation. Data analyses done in two level descriptive & inferential statistics through Spss & Amos softwares. Finding showed mean of variables and components of authenic leadership, creativity and internal motivation were upper than average. Correlation coefficient showed authenic leadership 0.49 and internal motivation 0.34 on creativity have positive & significant effect. Also the role of mediator of internal motivation was positive & significant in effect authenic leadership on creativity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Identify the attributions style of the fans of Persepolis and Esteghlal teams about the defeat and victory of the team
پروانه فرهاد بیگی Rada Habibi Aida Ayazi

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to identify the attributions of Persepolis and Esteghlal fans about failure and success to investigate the hypothesis that the result of competition and the level of support have a significant impact on how to understand the re More

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to identify the attributions of Persepolis and Esteghlal fans about failure and success to investigate the hypothesis that the result of competition and the level of support have a significant impact on how to understand the results and subsequent attributions methods used to explain the results from the fans perspective. Methods: The assessment tools used in this research included Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) and Revised Causal Dimensional Scale (RCDS-II) was provided to the subjects online and subsequently 44 fans of the two teams with different levels of support volunteered to participate in this study. After data collection, methods of analysis of variance and correlation were used. Result: By comparing the four subscales of revised causal dimensions, personal control, external control, stability and causality, with three levels of support among the fans of Esteghlal and Persepolis teams in the results of one-way analysis of variance, a significant difference was observed in the external control subscale. Also, the results of correlation show that there is a correlation between the level of support with the locus of causality and external control. Conclusion. Examining the effect of fan levels on attribution styles regardless of the outcome of the game shows that along with increasing fan levels, there is a greater tendency to use external control attributions and people are more agreed on the impact of external control on team failure and success. The results of correlation also show that there is a correlation between the level of support with the locus of causality and external control And with the increase of the level of support in the subjects, the amount of their attributions to the locus of causality and especially to external control to explain the results of defeat and victory is higher. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Infill development: capacities and necessities of growth management and spatial rearrangement of Tehran

The lands in cities are areas for urban development and infill development is the process of optimization of land use. Planning and growth management by infill development policy, compare with other growth policies is closer and more consistent to sustainability. In thi More

The lands in cities are areas for urban development and infill development is the process of optimization of land use. Planning and growth management by infill development policy, compare with other growth policies is closer and more consistent to sustainability. In this paper, we are going to study capacities and necessities of infill development of Tehran, by means of descriptive analytic and by use of documentary data. Findings indicate Tehran has the capacity of development and subsequently ready to growth management and special rearrangement via infill development. More than 18000 hectares of lands with infill development capacities that occupied 30% of city areas and 52% of vacant spaces and areas with developmental goals and high availability along with distribution and increment process, from east to west and north to south, makes possible not only physical growth management, but also facilitate spatial rearrangement to balance of inequality among regions and city zones by means of the policy of infill development and topical and local capacities. Redevelopment of north ,east and south areas, new development of west area and revitalization of central area, are general strategies of infill development in Tehran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Principles and strategies for designing infill structures as driving development of historic fabrics
Maryam Anjoman Shoae Piroz Hanachi Elham Andarodi

The Historic fabrics of cities have particular importance with evidences of the life style of people and cultural and social values. Exhaustion and destruction caused by natural and human factors leads to the creation of empty fields in historical fabrics. In fact, with More

The Historic fabrics of cities have particular importance with evidences of the life style of people and cultural and social values. Exhaustion and destruction caused by natural and human factors leads to the creation of empty fields in historical fabrics. In fact, with the exhaustion of historical textures and lack of living needs, the original inhabitants of these tissues are forced to migrate and provide further damage. This necessitates the design of a new structure in these fields in order to restore their formal and functional character. Undoubtedly, the construction of new buildings is one of the essential factors for meeting the needs of residents and improving their living standards. They can include new necessary modern functions or infrastructures to support the life of inhabitants of historic quarters. But if the appropriate approach is not adopted in this field, irreparable damage will be inflicted on the body of the historical texture and historical image of the city. Therefore, designing and constructing new buildings, in the light of the design principles, can contribute preserve the values of the historic urban areas. It can be an opportunity for development and physical and functional revitalization of historical texture. New buildings constructed in historical fabrics, are called ‘Infill’ and in this sense that they are constructed within the existing fabric and emerge in empty fields, certain principles must be respected in the design to avoid damages to fabric authenticity and values of adjacent buildings. Design new collections with a view to driving the development of these contexts will help to restore their social and economic dynamics. These complexes are called driver development buildings. This paper aims to propose and principles and strategies which leads to models of design of new buildings in the historical fabrics so that the buildings can contribute to a more dynamic historical context, causing their physical and functional renewal and are actually driving development. Of course, these instructions are not constant in all cases, but they are comprehensive and can be adapted to the specifics of the field and can be used in a variety of situations. The purpose is to explore how good design in historic fabric is achieved. There is not one correct answer or approach of course, but there are ways of thinking and working which increase the likelihood of success. In this regard, firstly, the definitions related to the topic, and ways to encourage development are expressed and then, with the introduction of general methods and rules for infill design, guidelines for designing a new structure and driving the development of historical fabric are expressed and finally factors that need to be considered in order to achieve this goal are presented in the diagram. The desired outcome is the high quality design of new buildings and spaces in historic fabrics by considering these guidelines. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The preference of inner will for the apparent will in interpreting business contracts based on moral justification
hossein moridifar Reza Sokooty nasimi Naser Masoudi

Contract interpretation is one of the problem areas in the contracts. There are many basics for interpreting the contract. Approximately the principles of interpretation have been considered in various legal systems. One of the principles presented for interpreting the More

Contract interpretation is one of the problem areas in the contracts. There are many basics for interpreting the contract. Approximately the principles of interpretation have been considered in various legal systems. One of the principles presented for interpreting the contract is the discovery of the truth based on the will of the parties. It is customary to create conflict between the will of the individuals (dominant and externally) in the field of contracts. Conflict arises from the real and declared will of individuals. In most legal systems, contract interpretation and conflict resolution are preferable to real and inner will, in such a way that if true, the true intention of the parties is other than that which has been expressed, the real will will be preferred, which ethics also accepts. And this issue has been accepted in jurisprudence, Iranian law and EU law. On the other hand, English law has a different approach to these systems, although it is possible that ethics will not accept this interpretation in some cases. In the current research, regardless of the views of researchers in this field, the actual and internal will, with moral justification, is preferred to the will expressed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Open Innovation Process and Firms Obsorptive
GHazaleh Javid Jafar Bagheri Nejad

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two popular concepts in contemporary innovation management literature. firms' absorptive capacity, as it has been defined by Cohen and Levinthal (1990), determines their ability to in-source externally developed technology or More

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two popular concepts in contemporary innovation management literature. firms' absorptive capacity, as it has been defined by Cohen and Levinthal (1990), determines their ability to in-source externally developed technology or ideas. In this paper, we tie these two concepts to each other and prove how the recent insights about open innovation can advance our understanding of absorptive capacity. External technology sourcing is becoming more important for a number of reasons: Shortening technology life cycles, emerging technologies with the potential to disrupt market leaders' positions, sharing costs and risks associated with science based technology, globalization of the R&D activities as a response of companies to the greater dissemination of knowledge throughout the world, the growing importance of seed and venture capital to finance excellent business ideas, etc... These inter-organizational knowledge flows do not materialize automatically and firms have to develop skills to tap into external sources of technology. Furthermore, absorptive capacity is crucial in explaining why some companies are better than others in creating and capturing value from in-sourcing externally developed technology and technological collaboration with innovation partners. Hence, absorptive capacity and the outside-in dimension of open innovation are necessarily linked to each other. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how absorptive capacity and the outside-in dimension of open innovation can be linked to each other. We focus on the question how complementary between internal and external technology plays a role in open innovation and absorptive capacity of innovating firms. This paper discuss about open innovation around two key factors (humanity & organizational) and relate it to absorptive capacity .Then analyses conceptual model with SWOT. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - An Investigation of Effective Individual and Behavioral Characteristics of New Technology-Based Firms' Managers
Gholamreza Malekzadeh Azadeh Kiyani nejad

In the paper effective individual and behavioral characteristics of the new technology based firms' managers in a supportive environment such as Science and Technology Parkas and Technology Incubators are investigated and based on the results of the research, effective More

In the paper effective individual and behavioral characteristics of the new technology based firms' managers in a supportive environment such as Science and Technology Parkas and Technology Incubators are investigated and based on the results of the research, effective individual and behavioral characteristics for success of these managers and also their companies are presented. Also, in this study, researchers have tried to determine effective characteristics and indicators which are used in selecting and appointing the managers of such firms, and therefore improve the process of managers' selection. Sample firms are located in Khorasan Science and Technology Park (KSTP) which is one of the new supportive environments in the country. For this study, among the multiple personality characteristics and features, six individual and behavioral indicators were selected and highlighted which include: 1) confidence, 2) leadership abilities, 3) creativity and innovation, 4) participation and devolution, 5) human relationship skills and 6) internal control. Selection of these individual and behavioral indicators and characteristics are based on the results of the other researches and studies. After determining these characteristics through the review of literature, an evaluation questionnaire was designed and distributed to sample firms' managers and necessary information was obtained. By analyzing these results, the effective indicators and characteristics for success of managers were identified. The results shows that the first and sixth hypotheses of the research hypotheses are correct, i.e. confidence and internal controls are most effective indicators for success of these firms' managers. This research has not considered Employees' satisfaction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Study of music of poems in Amaagh Bokhara i’s poetry court
mousa karami abdolazim zarheshi

Abstract: The secret of the permanence of poetic speech should be explored in various dimensions and with different approaches. One of these dimensions is the study of "poetry music" with an aesthetic approach. One of the branches of music of poetry is its inner and th More

Abstract: The secret of the permanence of poetic speech should be explored in various dimensions and with different approaches. One of these dimensions is the study of "poetry music" with an aesthetic approach. One of the branches of music of poetry is its inner and thought music. The inner music is figures of Speech such as: "repetition, paronomasia, adornment, parallelism, epanorthosis, anadiplosis, etc." and thought music includes: "contrast, proportion, ambiguity, allusion, exaggeration, sensuality, etc.). This descriptive and analytical research seeks to study various types of inner and thought music of Amaq Bukhari’s poems as an outstanding poet. As a result, in the internal music section, the "repetition" has the highest frequency with 52% and the “around similarity" (Tasbigh) has the lowest frequency with 1.8%. Also, in the thought music section, the “Observance of peers “(Correlation) has the highest frequency with 34.8% and the lowest frequency with 0.14% of that array is "question and answer". Examining the frequency of all kinds of figures of speech and figures of thought in Bukhari's poetry, points out his unpretentiousness in a poet and shows that he is not an industrial poet and his music is the result of his poetry and not the other way around. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - A Critical Analysis of the Program of Spirituality for Kids in USA and its Kabbalah Principles
Zaynab Barkhordari Sodeh Jafari

The project of spirituality for kids as an educational method is founded by Karen Berg in USA. This method is rooted in Kabbala principle and affiliated to Jewish mysticism. According to this doctrine all kids in the world regardless of their religions should have some More

The project of spirituality for kids as an educational method is founded by Karen Berg in USA. This method is rooted in Kabbala principle and affiliated to Jewish mysticism. According to this doctrine all kids in the world regardless of their religions should have some kind of spiritual experience. Thus the founders of this movement do not bother if the majority of their addressees are Muslim or Christian, and it has no effect on the movement of spirituality for kids, for they hold that its gate is open to everyone. That is to say, the proponents of this program go beyond religions and consider their principles in general as a spiritual gift, and are of the view that kids have right to utilize the spiritual treasures of the worlds. At present the program of spirituality for kids have been translated into several languages and is about to reach other countries. So it is the duty of the researchers of this field to carry out a serious study of the principles and sources of this movement and make an assessment of this trend before taking up similar activity in Iran even by its founders. The present article is a scientific work intending to introduce the principles of spirituality for kids and also make a critical assessment of this movement without referring to its feasibility in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Overview of the effect of dimensions of intellectual capital and employee satisfaction based on internal marketing on competitive advantage
Majid Esmaeilpour Alireza kamyab Javad Dokuhaki

Since manpower turned to be one of the most precious resources within an organization, job satisfaction leads to increasing productivity within organization so far as a distinctive competitive advantage develops within the organization, resulting in profitability, survi More

Since manpower turned to be one of the most precious resources within an organization, job satisfaction leads to increasing productivity within organization so far as a distinctive competitive advantage develops within the organization, resulting in profitability, survival and continuous development of organization which are deemed to the ultimate aim of any organization. The present research aims to examine the effect of dimensions of intellectual capital and employee satisfaction based on internal marketing on competitive advantage within import-export companies in Port of Bushehr. In this regard, 99 questionnaires were distributed among the managers and employees within import-export companies in Port of Bushehr, for which PLS software was used to analyze data in the questionnaires. Findings indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between competitive advantage and "human capital and customer capital", yet the structure capital of the intellectual capital has no effect on the competitive advantage. Further, all the dimensions of internal marketing including training and development of employees, reward system and internal communications had a positive significant effect on job satisfaction. Ultimately, a positive significant relationship was found between job satisfaction and competitive advantage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Provide a Model for Customer Advocacy (Detergents Customers in Tehran
mirza hasan hosseini Mohammad MahmoodiMeymand علی اکبر جوکار Farzane sadat hosseiny

Because social media is becoming more and more interactive, consumers can also affect other consumers more than past and make them aware of their views and experiences. By influencing this broad spectrum, customers can stop, control, and manage marketing efforts; this m More

Because social media is becoming more and more interactive, consumers can also affect other consumers more than past and make them aware of their views and experiences. By influencing this broad spectrum, customers can stop, control, and manage marketing efforts; this means that customers are getting power on the market. One of a variety of powerful customers that can help the organization and support the organization without any expectations is customer advocacy. The goal of this research is to study the antecedents of customer advocacy. A descriptive survey design was used in this research. Based on its goal this research was an applied one. The target population of this research was the customers of detergents product in Tehran. To collect data 336 questionnaires were distributed among customers by using simple random sampling method. For data analysis and testing research hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) method was applied by using LISREL software. The results revealed that both Customer assessment and self-motivators dimentions and their factors have a strong positive effect on Customer Advocacy Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The effect of external pressures and internal motivation on the company's performance with regard to the role of acceptance of green supply chain management in the dairy industry
Mohamad Taghi Taghavi fard AMIR MOHAMMAD KHANI

Despite the interest of prospective managers and researchers, the implementation of green supply chain management in the country's dairy industry has not been satisfactory. The real challenge for the country's managers is to prioritize the implementation of green supply More

Despite the interest of prospective managers and researchers, the implementation of green supply chain management in the country's dairy industry has not been satisfactory. The real challenge for the country's managers is to prioritize the implementation of green supply chain management to achieve the best possible advantage in the implementation of green supply chain management in the country's dairy industry. In this paper, the effect of external pressures and internal motivation on the company's performance with respect to the role of acceptance of green supply chain management in the dairy industry. The statistical population of the study is dairy companies in Iran in which 82 managers of the company were analyzed as a sample. The non-probability and available sampling method and data collection tool was a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software were used to analyze the data. The research findings show that market pressures and suppliers are effective in accepting green supply chain management in the dairy industry. In addition, it was found that the adoption of green supply chain management in the dairy industry has an impact on environmental, operational and economic performance. However, the effect of controlling pressures on the acceptance of green supply chain management in the dairy industry was not confirmed. The research results highlight the managerial commitment and the key role of suppliers in the successful adoption of green supply chain management Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A Control approach with Controllable Response Time for Power Control of the Power Electronic Based Distributed Generation Resources in Microgrids
E. Zare Abandankeshi مجید شهابی

Most wind turbines, photovoltaic and fuel cells need a DC/AC converter as an interface for connection to the main grid. Power electronics based distributed generation resource has two parts: power circuit and control circuit of converter. In this paper, a new method whi More

Most wind turbines, photovoltaic and fuel cells need a DC/AC converter as an interface for connection to the main grid. Power electronics based distributed generation resource has two parts: power circuit and control circuit of converter. In this paper, a new method which is based on current control by using internal model control method is presented, in order to control active and reactive power of power electronics interfaced distributed generation resource. The main benefit of using internal model control method is that it can reduce number of required parameters for PI controller tuning to one parameter which is desired closed-loop band width (). It should be mentioned that parameter  can be computed regarding response rise time. Therefore, values of KI and KP can be determined with the selection of desired band width. So, the system can be designed just with the selection of one parameter (rise time tr). The proposed control method can be used in micro-grids containing power electronic interfaced DGs, in both modes of operation (connected to grid and islanded micro-grid). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Identification of Organizational Capital and Its Evaluation in Covid-19 Conditions
hajieh rajabi farjad

The aim of the study was to identify organizational capital in the General Department of Documents and Property Registration in Khuzestan province and to evaluate it during the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach of this research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and appl More

The aim of the study was to identify organizational capital in the General Department of Documents and Property Registration in Khuzestan province and to evaluate it during the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach of this research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and applied. The statistical universe of the research in the qualitative part included 15 experts from the General Department of Documents and Property Registration in Khuzestan province, who were selected in a non-random and purposeful way. The statistical universe in the quantitative section consisted of 153 employees of this department, who were selected based on the Cochran formula and a relative stratified random method according to the table. The instrument for data collection in the qualitative part was interviews, and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were checked and confirmed. The information obtained in the qualitative section was analyzed using thematic analysis, and in the quantitative section using structural equation modeling with Max Kuda and Smart PLS software. The results showed that organizational culture, knowledge management, systems and processes of management, organizational structure, financial management, research and development, intra-organizational interactions, perceived job security, and physical capital were identified as organizational capitals. On the other hand, the results of the T-test showed that the categories of job security, physical capital, internal interactions, and management processes have not been properly considered. Although the averages of other components were somewhat better, the overall situation is not suitable for the General Department of Documents and Property Registration in Khuzestan province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Provide a model for successful entry into the food products market of the region (Case study of Iraq)
Mohammad talari mohammad reza fallah parisa esmaeili

According to the policies of the resistance economy, paying attention to the markets of the countries of the region is one of the most important tools to increase economic resilience. Meanwhile, the food industry, as one of the most important large manufacturing-economi More

According to the policies of the resistance economy, paying attention to the markets of the countries of the region is one of the most important tools to increase economic resilience. Meanwhile, the food industry, as one of the most important large manufacturing-economic industries in the country, should have a special look at the cause, why and how to decide to buy foreign customers. The aim of this study is to provide a model for successful entry into the Iraqi food market. The approach of the present study is quantitative and applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study consists of buyers of Iraqi stores and supermarkets. Sampling is available in this study and has been done among customers of stores and supermarkets located in Iraq and in the cities of Najaf and Karbala, Baghdad, Basra, Nasiriyah, Hillah and Kohl, according to the Cochran's formula, 384 Iraqi buyers have been selected. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire that is validated by experts and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 863 /. Confirmed. Structural equation modeling has been used to analyze the data. The results show that "market overlap", which includes "marketing, facilitation and psychological factors" alone, cannot affect the intention to buy Iraqi customers alone and must be "internalized culture" which acts as a mediating variable. And "religious factors and values and preferences" have been used to influence the purchase of Iraqi consumers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Internal Locus of Control with Students’ Mental Health
mahnaz Mehrabizadeh Honarmand

Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between spiritual in-telligence and locus of control with students' men-tal health. To do so, 400 male and female under-graduate students at Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz were selected a More

Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between spiritual in-telligence and locus of control with students' men-tal health. To do so, 400 male and female under-graduate students at Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz were selected as subjects through ran-dom multistage sampling. The subjects completed the King's Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report In-ventory (SISRI-24) the Nowicki-Strickland's Lo-cus of Control Questionnaire (LOCQ), and Ge-neral Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). By apply-ing simple correlation, the findings showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between spiritual intelligence and its three dimen-sions (personal meaning production, transcend-dental consciousness, and consciousness state ex-pansion) with mental health. However, there was no significant correlation between critical thinking (one dimension of spiritual intelligence), and men-tal health. In addition, there existed asignificant relation between locus of control and mental hea-lth. The results from regression analysis indicated that locus of control and spiritual intelligence, res-pecttively, play a role in predicating the mental health. Besides, the regression analysis of spiritual intelligence dimensions (critical thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental consciousness, and consciousness state expansion) indicated that only the personal meaning production can pre-dicate 0.05 of mental health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The effect of moderating cultural congruence on the relationship between internal marketing activities and employee satisfaction (Case study: Tourism staff in the western Iran, Iraq and Turkey)
Fakhrodin Maroofi

The role of internal marketing in employee satisfaction has been empirically investigated. More than 200 research on internal marketing has been carried out and a small number of research has been made about the role of employees in cultural backgrounds. Following the g More

The role of internal marketing in employee satisfaction has been empirically investigated. More than 200 research on internal marketing has been carried out and a small number of research has been made about the role of employees in cultural backgrounds. Following the gap in literature, the study aims to explore the moderating effect of cultural congruence on the internal marketing operations and the satisfaction of employee satisfaction in the workplace. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between internal marketing and employee satisfaction with regard to the mediating role of cultural congruence. This research is applicable in terms of purpose, and is a quantitative and survey method in terms of quantitative and cross - sectional method. The statistical population is the tourism field staff among the Iraqi, Iranians and Turkish Kurds, who were selected by simple random and stratified random sampling method from 338 individuals. Data were collected by library and field research (questionnaire) which were conducted online and face to face.Structures were measured using existing scales and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to evaluate the effects. The results show that there is a positive relationship between internal marketing operations and employee satisfaction. Moreover, the empirical and theoretical results of this study and empirical evidence confirm that cultural congruence can further enhance the internal marketing operations and satisfaction of employees. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

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Open Access Article

20 - Studying Male-female Relationships and Children with an Emphasis on the Internal and External Effects of Tolerance Through Religious Teachings
sakineh ganjkhanloo maryam alizadeh

Tolerance is one of the prominent human qualities that God considered in the Qur'an as a divine blessing and mercy. Tolerance, as a high moral virtue, has a significant effect on personal and social ethics and is one of the principles that has had a tremendous impact on More

Tolerance is one of the prominent human qualities that God considered in the Qur'an as a divine blessing and mercy. Tolerance, as a high moral virtue, has a significant effect on personal and social ethics and is one of the principles that has had a tremendous impact on the improvement and growth of human relations with others. So, its observance is necessary for the general peace of society. In this regard, this article investigated the relations between men, women, and children from a descriptive and analytical perspective focusing on the internal and external effects of tolerance with a religious teaching approach. Tolerance has internal and external results, and tolerance, as a moral virtue, is one of the qualities that bring people high and honorable positions in this world and the hereafter. Also, it plays a very constructive role in the person's family and social life. Life is full of misfortunes that a person might deal with; if one does not build tolerance and behaves harshly and violently with others in times of difficulty and roughness, it will damage both person's social credit and his/ her religious-moral health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The effect of self- awareness on the creation of life quality in the architecture of religious places (case study: DezfulJam’e Mosque)
Ahmad Sarrafzadeh Minou Ghareh Baglou Mohammad Ali KayNejad

Human has always been in interaction, one of its aspects is the communication with himself. In this relationship, on one hand, human is placed as a self- aware being and on the other hand, as the real self. In such a way that common sense is affected by his existential More

Human has always been in interaction, one of its aspects is the communication with himself. In this relationship, on one hand, human is placed as a self- aware being and on the other hand, as the real self. In such a way that common sense is affected by his existential nature and affects the quality of life. The goal of the research can be considered to evaluate the biological aspects affecting the internal relationships of self- knowledge between human and the architectural body. Biological quality is created at different levels and shapes the environment in interaction with humans. The method of this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors. So that, in the qualitative review, the topic is addressed using descriptions, observations and library studies, and in its quantitative aspect, it benefits from numerical data and analysis using the scientific method of Codas. The findings of the research show the formation of an internal relationship that has affected the quality of life and architectural environment. so that in each of the senses affecting self- awareness, Different quality levels are created. In this regard, it can be concluded that the purposeful design of architecture in order to shape the quality of life is influenced by the common senses of faith and time with the greatest impact, the sense of unity, presence and place with an average impact, and the sense of safety and awareness with the least impact. So that it is formed in a direct relationship between independent components (spatial physical perception, collective behavior, psychological) and connected components (common senses) and is a platform for achieving a desirable life. Therefore, this issue can be considered as a result of the internal relationship between three aspects of self- awareness, common senses and architecture, which is formed according to the relationship between independent and dependent components in architecture. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Evaluation of Interpolation Methods for Estimating the Fading Channels in Digital TV Broadcasting
Ali Pouladsadeh Mohammadali Sebghati

Variations in telecommunication channels is a challenge of the wireless communication which makes the channel estimation and equalization a noteworthy issue. In OFDM systems, some subcarriers can be considered as pilots for channel estimation. In the pilot-aided channel More

Variations in telecommunication channels is a challenge of the wireless communication which makes the channel estimation and equalization a noteworthy issue. In OFDM systems, some subcarriers can be considered as pilots for channel estimation. In the pilot-aided channel estimation procedure, interpolation is an essential step to achieve channel response in data subcarriers. Choosing the best interpolation method has been the subject of various researches, because there is no interpolator as the best method in all conditions, and their performance depends on the fading model, signal-to-noise ratio and pilot overhead ratio. In this paper, the effect of different interpolation methods on the quality of DVB-T2 broadcast links is evaluated. A simulation platform is prepared in which different channel models are defined according to the real-world measurements. The interpolation is performed by five widely-used methods (nearest neighbor, linear, cubic, spline, and Makima) for different pilot ratios. After channel equalization by the results of the interpolator, the bit error rate is calculated as the main criterion for evaluation and comparison. The rules of selecting the appropriate interpolator in different conditions is presented. It is generally concluded that for fading scenarios close to flat fading or high pilot overhead ratio, the simple interpolators such as linear interpolator are proper choices. But in harsh conditions, i.e. severe frequency-selective fading channels or low pilot overhead ratio, the more complicated interpolators such as cubic and spline methods yield better results. The amount of improvements and differences are quantified in this study. Manuscript profile

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