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Open Access Article

1 - Mineral chemistry and thermodynamics conditions of impure marbles formation from Neybaghi metamorphic complex, NE of Myaneh, Iran
Javad Izadyar

A metamorphic rock complex consists of slate, phyllite, micaschist and marble with NE – SW shistosity has cropped out in Neybaghi area in the NE of Myaneh. Impure marbles occur as thick and thin layers or massive bodies within the centeral area of this complex. Textura More

A metamorphic rock complex consists of slate, phyllite, micaschist and marble with NE – SW shistosity has cropped out in Neybaghi area in the NE of Myaneh. Impure marbles occur as thick and thin layers or massive bodies within the centeral area of this complex. Textural and mineralogical evidences, revealed two metamorphic stages. The early stage is testified by the minerals such as pyroxene (diopside), epidote (clinozoisite), amphibole 1 (edenite-pargasite) and plagioclase 1. The main stage have chlorite (clinochlore), phlogopite, amphibole 2 (tremolite) and plagioclase 2. P-T-XCO2 have been estimated for the early and main stage of metamorphism by computing nonideal and asymmetrical fugacity and activity and programing in THERMOCALC software for fluid and solid phases. The estimations give pressure, temperature and XCO2 of 9.5Kbar, 660°C and 0.35, whereas the main stage has been constrained at P=4.2Kbar, T=510°C, XCO2=0.4. The obtained P-T path shows that the Neybaghi marbles were formed under medium pressure condition and overprinted by a low pressure metamorphism. This type of P-T trend can be formed in collisional tectonic regime. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Mineral chemistry and thermodynamics conditions of impure marbles formation from Neybaghi metamorphic complex, NE of Myaneh, Iran
Javad Izadyar Masumeh Sohrabi Aliasghar Sepahi Azar Gharloghi Leila Mohamadi

A metamorphic rock complex consists of slate, phyllite, micaschist and marble with NE – SW shistosity has cropped out in Neybaghi area in the NE of Myaneh. Impure marbles occur as thick and thin layers or massive bodies within the centeral area of this complex. Textura More

A metamorphic rock complex consists of slate, phyllite, micaschist and marble with NE – SW shistosity has cropped out in Neybaghi area in the NE of Myaneh. Impure marbles occur as thick and thin layers or massive bodies within the centeral area of this complex. Textural and mineralogical evidences, revealed two metamorphic stages. The early stage is testified by the minerals such as pyroxene (diopside), epidote (clinozoisite), amphibole 1 (edenite-pargasite) and plagioclase 1. The main stage have chlorite (clinochlore), phlogopite, amphibole 2 (tremolite) and plagioclase 2. P-T-XCO2 have been estimated for the early and main stage of metamorphism by computing nonideal and asymmetrical fugacity and activity and programing in THERMOCALC software for fluid and solid phases. The estimations give pressure, temperature and XCO2 of 9.5Kbar, 660°C and 0.35, whereas the main stage has been constrained at P=4.2Kbar, T=510°C, XCO2=0.4. The obtained P-T path shows that the Neybaghi marbles were formed under medium pressure condition and overprinted by a low pressure metamorphism. This type of P-T trend can be formed in collisional tectonic regime. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - mythical places in folktales
Sara Chalak

Mythical thought is a kind of worldview that has always saved his situation in humans mind. Mythical idea introduce itself by divide the phenomena of the world into sacred and unholy. Locality is an important mythical subject that differ from modern man’s thinking about More

Mythical thought is a kind of worldview that has always saved his situation in humans mind. Mythical idea introduce itself by divide the phenomena of the world into sacred and unholy. Locality is an important mythical subject that differ from modern man’s thinking about place. Mythical place differ from its surrounding because it is sacred. It may be an archetype like mount or fountain, or may be it has become sacred because of the unworldly object. It has influential power to characters.it can change characters. Folktale as an old type of oral literature contain the insight, philosophic thought and life style of past human being. One of the mythical subject in folktales is locality. This places cause of the relationship with the transcendental affairs, consider as a mythical place. Most of characters in folktale, change mentally by being there and their destiny change. In this article, we tried to use the theories of great mythologists such as Mircea Eliade and Ernest Cassirer to analyze e few sets of folktales. For this purpose, the places such as mount, fountain, sea, river, garden, well were investigated.and their mythical modality was examined. my research method in this article is descriptive and analithical. . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Analysis of cemeteries organizing in Isfahan city from the perspective of the Islamic Iranian city pattern
Asghar Montazer alghaeem Fardin Koshki

As death is an inevitable stage of human life, the cemetery has always been one of the main and unavoidable spaces of every human settlement, including Islamic Iranian cities.The present study has been carried out to analyze the organization of the cemeteries in the cit More

As death is an inevitable stage of human life, the cemetery has always been one of the main and unavoidable spaces of every human settlement, including Islamic Iranian cities.The present study has been carried out to analyze the organization of the cemeteries in the city of Isfahan from a native and Islamic perspective.The research methodology is qualitative and Sampling method is purposeful. In compared to local cemeteries (decentralized approach) and Rezvan Garden (centralized approach) results show thateach one has different characteristics; among them, in cemetery of the Garden of Rezvan, it would be better service andhygienic and religious issues are being respected.In the case of Isfahan local cemeteries is easier access to them that this will result in savings in time and money of citizens.Also, the use of local cemeteries helps promote walking and reducing the use of cars that this follows savings in fuel consumption and reduces air pollution.In terms of urbanity, local cemeteries have a more human scaleand because they are formed influenced by native thoughts are considered as the promoters of Iranian-Islamic urbanity.Socially, local cemeteries create social cohesion and reinforce collectivism against individualism.Legally, with reinforcement of local cemeteries, the freedom of individuals is greater to determine the place of burial.From a spiritual and cultural point of view, decentralized approach to cemeteries,due to easy access to space of cemetery,strengthens the memory of death in society and the city and create the ultimate goal of space of the cemetery, which is a reminder to the live people and beacause in 20-year perspective document of Country emphasizes on Islamic identity and ethics, therefore, the strengthening of local cemeteries is in direction of the 20-year perspective document of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the horizon of 1404 solar calender. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Studying and recognizing the structural system and the formation pattern of Khan Garden of Shushtar; A distinct type of Iranian gardening
Mohammad Ebrahim Mazhary Amin Maghsoudi Fatemeh Poodat

Gardening tradition in the geographical area of Iran has included valuable types of gardens such as fruit garden, river garden, organic garden etc over past centuries. However, despite having unique features, because of the lack of compliance to the prevalent pattern of More

Gardening tradition in the geographical area of Iran has included valuable types of gardens such as fruit garden, river garden, organic garden etc over past centuries. However, despite having unique features, because of the lack of compliance to the prevalent pattern of the Iranian Garden, these gardens have been relatively less studied and recognized. Khan garden in Shushtar, adjacent to the historic water canal of Gargar, is a remarkable example of such types of Iranian gardening since its unique context contains considerable features of gardening that are very unusual among other types of Iranian gardens. Accordingly, this research will try to study and recognize constructive components and elements of Khan garden through a qualitative approach and using the descriptive-analytical research method. In order to recognize and document information related to Khan garden like natural, historical and morphological data, the research applies the cataloguing technique. The required data are primarily collected through biblio sources such as historical accounts, archival documents, maps, aerial images. Also, field survey and oral interviews in the process of data collecting are employed. Based on research findings, the Khan garden should be perceived as a river garden and structurally could be classified as a uni-axial garden. However, since the specific context of the garden’s position, that axe has been placed on an indirect extension that affects constructive systems of the garden and provides an irregular and organic structure for that. Furthermore, according to other findings, agricultural activities, cultural influences of Qajar time, and surrounding characteristics have been the most significant factors in shaping the structural pattern of the Khan garden. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Spatial Developments of Sirjan During Islamic Period Based on the Archaeological Evidences and the Written Historical Resources
hasan karimian Ahmad pourahmad Zeinab Afzali

One of the major cities of Kerman province since the Sasanian period, Sirjan has played a key role in the political, economic, and cultural developments of southeastern Iran due to its geographical location and adjacency to trade routes. Written sources provide detailed More

One of the major cities of Kerman province since the Sasanian period, Sirjan has played a key role in the political, economic, and cultural developments of southeastern Iran due to its geographical location and adjacency to trade routes. Written sources provide detailed information about Sirjan during the period; however, issues such as formation, development and decline, and settlements in different periods, as well as the social structure and the economic and cultural activities of the inhabitants have remained mostly neglected, which calls for archaeological studies and evidence. Despite its importance in the Islamic period, Sirjan has received little attention from archaeologists, and there are many uncertainties about its formation and relocations in different periods. Surprisingly, there is no archaeological information about the city even from an period as recent as the Safavid period. This study attempts to examine the process of Sirjan’s formation, development, and decline during the Islamic period, using written historical sources and archaeological evidence obtained in field research. The study also tries to explore the city’s site selection during the Islamic period and the causes of these relocations from an archaeological viewpoint, using archaeological excavations in Sirjan plain and analysis of the resulting data. The finding of the present study indicated that Sirjan, which was one of the strategic centers in southeastern Iran during the historical period, flourished in the early Islamic centuries and was of great importance as the center of Kerman province for several centuries. However, the city declined and was later abandoned in the late Seljuk period until Ghal’eh Sang gradually replaced the Shahre Qhadem. Evidence also showed that Ghal’eh Sang was the most important settlement in the Sirjan plain from the 13th to the late 15th century. After the destruction of the castle by the Aq Qoyunlu rulers in the late 15th century, this area lost its appeal and was replaced by Bagh Bamid Garden. During the Safavid period, Bagh Bamid was the most important settlement on the Sirjan plain. However, the governor’s seat and the urban center were transferred to Sa’iid Abad after its development and expansion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Belief in the Other World in Pre-Historic Iran (A Philosophical Analysis based on Archeological Proofs)
Atousa Moemeni

Following the growth of human sciences, archeology, as one of the materialist and spiritual branches of human sciences, has recently been seeking to learn about the quality of the formation, continuity, and change of early societies. It has been doing so on the basis of More

Following the growth of human sciences, archeology, as one of the materialist and spiritual branches of human sciences, has recently been seeking to learn about the quality of the formation, continuity, and change of early societies. It has been doing so on the basis of tangible and intangible proofs and through investigating the development of thoughts, cultures, traditions, and beliefs of such societies. Moreover, archeologists aim to perceive this process of change and development alongside rational and logical findings in relation to human worldviews as an everlasting treasure which has lingered since pre-history until now. Death and its life-related and ontological dimensions in different cultures and societies have always been among the most fundamental problems attracting the attention of human beings all over the world. In fact, humans are essentially living beings who are always thinking about death and have continually kept their connection with this concept in the course of history. Archeological proofs represent the most tangible legacy of death-related thoughts and demonstrate people’s attention and sensitivity to death, which are themselves rooted in their philosophy of the other world. In the present paper, the author has tried to deal with the philosophy of death and Man’s thanatoptic nature during the second and first millennia BC based on some archeological diggings in an Iron Age cemetery (which represents a specific age and a region with a rich ancient history and culture). She has also sought to particularly study burial traditions and their changes along with their underlying ideological foundations. In this way, with references to certain archeological studies and discovered artifacts in field excavations, the author hopes to shed some light on Man’s awareness of death and their beliefs in relation to the world after death and analyze the transfer of such thoughts and all their evolving dimensions to the next generations based on rational and logical principles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The manifestation of Quranic concepts in Persian garden with an emphasis on Enasn Sura
Mohamadreza pourjafar

In this paper, by studying Persian gardens, particularly in the Islamic period, and examining its general characteristics of the physical environment (water, plants, etc.), the elements of garden has been studied. Then by exploring the text of the Qur’an, especially More

In this paper, by studying Persian gardens, particularly in the Islamic period, and examining its general characteristics of the physical environment (water, plants, etc.), the elements of garden has been studied. Then by exploring the text of the Qur’an, especially Ensan Surah and its related interpretations, Quranic paradise elements has been reviewed in the elements of Dolat Abad garden. The review has been done through Structural - spatial analysis of Dolat Abad garden and adopting them with quranic concepts. The purpose of this study was to extract the common blessings of the Garden of Eden with the Dolat Abad garden. Techniques used in this research are descriptive – analytical. Data was collected through visiting, field harvesting and library and comparing them with the quranic interpretations. The results show that the elements of a Persian garden have been referred to as Heaven’s blessings. These blessings have remained some material and spiritual metaphors both in the body of the garden and its designer believes either objectively or subjectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Manifestation of Quran’s Verses in Persian Carpet-Garden, with an Emphasis on Surah Al-Rahman
mohammad javad Mahdavi nezhad Mojtaba Ansari سپیده صمدزاده Azadeh Fazeli Marziehalsadat Ahmad nejad

Verses of the Quran are manifestations of God’s beauty and magnificence and Muslim artists have benefited from these verses to create art works that manifest their ideal Heaven. In line with this, the Persian garden-carpet is a reflection of the picture of garden-hea More

Verses of the Quran are manifestations of God’s beauty and magnificence and Muslim artists have benefited from these verses to create art works that manifest their ideal Heaven. In line with this, the Persian garden-carpet is a reflection of the picture of garden-heaven, which itself is considered a display of Quranic paradise. Quranic paradise’s patterns are used in both Iranian carpets and gardens which help us know Muslims' beliefs through their art. The aim of this research is to recognize the ancient patterns of Persian garden in the Quran’s verses, especially verses of Surah Al-Rahman, and investigate how they are used in Persian carpet structure. The questions that are posed in this research are:1) How do the Quran’s verses, especially Surah Al-Rahman, describe Heaven? 2) How can we see Quranic paradise’s patterns in Persian garden structure and carpet-garden? To answer these questions, a descriptive-analytic method, which relies on comparative techniques, has been used. The results of the research show that the structure of garden-carpet in Islamic Iranian art agrees with the parameters and features of the Quranic paradise. Therefore, it could be concluded that the carpet–garden is considered as the sample of heaven-garden with semantic, functional, and somatic triple orders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Manifestation of Quran’s Verses in Persian Carpet-Garden, with an Emphasis on Surah Al-Rahman
mohammad javad Mahdavi nezhad Mojtaba Ansari سپیده صمدزاده Azadeh Fazeli marzieh alsadat ahmadnejad

Muslim artists' believes are related to Quran verses which show God's grace and dignity. Therefore their works could be the manifestation of what Quran verses express about heaven. In this way, Persian garden-carpet would be the showing of garden-heaven picture that its More

Muslim artists' believes are related to Quran verses which show God's grace and dignity. Therefore their works could be the manifestation of what Quran verses express about heaven. In this way, Persian garden-carpet would be the showing of garden-heaven picture that itself is considered as the blaze of Quran paradise. Quran paradise patterns are used in both Iranian carpets and gardens which help us know Muslims' believes through their art. The aim of this research is to recognize the ancient patterns of Persian garden in Quran verses, especially AlrahmanSorah, and investigating how they are used in Persian carpet structure. The questions that are posed in this research are:1) How do Quran verses, especially AlrahmanSorah, describe heaven? 2) How can we see Quran paradise patterns in Persian garden structure and carpet-garden? To answer these questions, a descriptive-analytic method, which relies on comparative techniques, is used. The results of the research show that the structure of garden-carpet in Islamic Iranian art agrees with the indexes of Quran paradise. Therefore, it could be concluded that the carpet–garden is considered as the sample of heaven-garden with semantic, functional, and somatic trial orders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Investigating the Perceptions of Nature in Tajabad Natanz Garden from the Ecological Perspective of Perception
Parnian Gholipour Mohammadreza Ataee Hamedani Sara Taghavi Ardakan Razie Fathi

The Iranian garden can be considered one of the most prominent and best models of landscape design in Iran, which is the result of the interaction between humans in the face of nature, since the interaction formed between man and nature results in mutual effect of them More

The Iranian garden can be considered one of the most prominent and best models of landscape design in Iran, which is the result of the interaction between humans in the face of nature, since the interaction formed between man and nature results in mutual effect of them on each other. The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between stimulation of the senses, perceptions and the geometry of the Iranian garden. In other words, the three basic factors of man, environment and the relationship between man and environment are examined to determine how each one acts and reacts, and influences the other. The methodology in the present study is qualitative with a comparative approach to present the general structure of a unique example, which is the Tajabad Natanz Garden. It expresses the general theoretical foundations arising from the perceptions of the environment and psychology related to it. Field observation and library documents were used to collect information. The obtained result indicate that the Iranian garden as a whole is the product of the connection of components, each of which alone does not convey a specific meaning and concept to the audience, and the coexistence of these elements and components together forms the concept of the Iranian garden. Thus, in recreating the Iranian garden in the physical environment of life, including in contemporary cities, increasing attention should be paid to its perceptual process by modern man to provide an appropriate response to the needs of contemporary man. It will improve the mental health of the society in the first step and leads to the connection in the areas of meaning and provides the conditions for individual self-fulfillment in the second step. Manuscript profile

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