اقتدارگرا

Open Access Article

1 - Comparison of Authoritarian Government and the Relationship of People with Government in Ghazali and Hobbes
mohamad ali tavana farzad azarkamand

This article studies the basics of forming powerful government and the relationship between people with government in Ghazali and Hobbes thought. Special view of both of the thinkers to nature of human is intellectual foundation of forming authoritative government. Acco More

This article studies the basics of forming powerful government and the relationship between people with government in Ghazali and Hobbes thought. Special view of both of the thinkers to nature of human is intellectual foundation of forming authoritative government. According to the four human traits, Ghazali tries to educate the divine human that acts passively under divine governance. Since religion and politics don’t separate from each other in Ghazali’s view, so in government, divinity of these traits joins to politics and powerful government. But Hobbes believed that human have power demand and warrior nature in addition, in primary and natural human condition, the war has been going on against each other. And human try to rescue themselves according to their wisdom. So, they established an authoritative government with their foresight. Therefore, the subject of both of them is largely same, but their processing is different. It means that both of these intellectuals lived in restless period, and the necessity of security causes them to resort to authoritative government. On the other hand, both of these intellectuals assign passive roles for people; however, Ghazali’s argumentation method is canonical and Hobbes’s method is rational. Moreover it seems that the rational theory of Hobbes – accepting the possibility of insurgence-paves the way for going beyond the authoritative government, although the canonical theory of Hobbes leads to one type of reproduction of authoritative government. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Transition to democracy and Ethnic Conflict’s Raising and Failing
Ahmad

Ethnic conflict and its related factors is one of the social sciences’ main research areas, especially in the recent decades. Ethnic conflict revolutions’ parallelism with transition process to democratization, especially after 2th half of 20th century, make political s More

Ethnic conflict and its related factors is one of the social sciences’ main research areas, especially in the recent decades. Ethnic conflict revolutions’ parallelism with transition process to democratization, especially after 2th half of 20th century, make political sociology of ethnic conflicts focus on this scientific scope that what requirements and circumstances can be provided by transition of democracy for revolution of ethical conflicts. The main question is, whether democratization transition and its process, inevitably is concomitant with ethnical conflicts or transition process can provide an opportunity that prevents ethnical conflicts through the promotion of political negotiations in innovative democratic governments? Regarding lack of theoretical researches in this scope, using qualitative analysis, we studied the conditions through which, democratization transition provides a background both for ethnical conflicts’ moderation and also exacerbation. Institutional strategies that prevent ethnical conflicts, ethnic conflicts and democratic processes’ flourishing and authoritarian regimes’ typology across ethnic variation are the present study’s other interesting areas that have been investigated. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Authoritarian Leadership and Decrease in Protein Talent: An Analysis of the Mediating Role of Bureaucratic Culture (Case Study: State-Owned Pharmaceutical Companies)
reza sepahvand Mohammad hakkak masood sepahvand fariborz fathichegini

bureaucratic culture on the reduction of protein talent of R&D staff in state-owned pharmaceutical companies. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the research data show that authoritarian leaders consider employees as inherently lazy and responsible as the X-McG More

bureaucratic culture on the reduction of protein talent of R&D staff in state-owned pharmaceutical companies. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of the research data show that authoritarian leaders consider employees as inherently lazy and responsible as the X-McGregor theory and try to bring about bureaucratic culture in their organization under their strict control. . In such an environment, no diversification of work and promotion of excessive skill and knowledge are required, and any effort beyond the established standards will result in severe penalties. Therefore, the process of nurturing protein talent in such an organization is definitely going downhill, and even if one sets his or her career path apart from organizational goals, he or she will face severe penalties or be forced out of the organization. Unwittingly provided. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Analyzing the problem of rule-following in education with emphasis on Wittgenstein’s Paradox
Mohsen Bohlooli Fakhoodi

The rules are components of our biological experiences that shape all social institutions and human activities, including education. When we invite others to follow the rules, there is always a presupposition in our mind that we and others have a common and clear concep More

The rules are components of our biological experiences that shape all social institutions and human activities, including education. When we invite others to follow the rules, there is always a presupposition in our mind that we and others have a common and clear concept of the rules. Wittgenstein believes that one can be trained to follow the rules. But he puts forward an important paradox about the rule of law, according to which one cannot speak of a conformity or non-compliance with the rule. The logical dimensions of this paradox have attracted the attention of educational philosophers. Following the rules of education in the school and classroom space is one of the most prominent examples of compliance with the rules. But do we have enough reasons to persuade our children and students to follow the rules? The two views of rationalist and authoritarian are among the most important approaches in the area of education to the question of rule-following. Relying on Wittgenstein’s context-based approach to escaping the paradox, this paper claims that the best way to understand the category of rule-following is to form a tacit agreement between the community and educational environments, which can only be expressed in practice without being expressible. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The fourth industrial revolution and its human dangers in quasi-modern authoritarian political systems
Seyyed MohammadReza Mottaghi hasan khosravi Bijan Abdolkarimi Bijan Abbasi

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Feasibility of Adjusting Human Rights Risks Affected by the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Political Structures Based on Pseudo-Modern Authoritarianism   Seyyed Mohammad Reza Mottaghi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Hassan Khosravi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>    Bijan Abdolkarimi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>   Bijan Abbasi<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">****</a>   <a name="_Hlk160321101"></a>The Fourth Industrial Revolution represents a transformative wave in the industry with the potential to impact various facets of human existence, promising widespread individual and societal prosperity. However, it also presents a significant risk, particularly for governments not firmly rooted in democratic principles, who may be tempted to assert control over their citizens due to the expanded capabilities afforded by this revolution. Such a scenario, if realized, threatens the emergence of new dictatorships and erodes the individuality of citizens. This article, employing an analytical-descriptive approach, seeks to explore the multifaceted human rights crises precipitated by these conditions. It endeavors to address the question: How can individual freedoms and human and citizenship rights be safeguarded against governmental encroachment in this era? Based on the results of this research, due to the expansion of capabilities arising from the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the potential for government abuse is increasing more than ever, inviting all political structures towards authoritarianism. Consequently, to prevent this situation and safeguard the rights and freedoms of citizens, the current governance models need to be re-evaluated, emphasizing on aspects of enhancing freedoms. These changes should aim to reduce the intrusion of governments into personal spheres as much as possible, moving towards absolute neutrality.   Keyword: The fourth industrial revolution, authoritarianism, cyber dictatorship, pseudo-modern government and artificial intelligence.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">* PhD of </a>Public law, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. mohammadreza.mottaghi@iranian.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">** </a>Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. h.khosravi@rey.tpnu.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">*** Associate Professor, Departme</a>nt of Philosophy, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. abdolkarimi12@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">****</a> Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, University of Tehran, Iran. Bizhan_abbasy@yahoo.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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