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      • Open Access Article

        1 - The Course of Juvenile Court Proceedings in Iranian Criminal Law
        Esmaeil Kashkoulian Masoud Heydari
        Background and Aim: Fair trial is one of the most important issues that have always been considered by the legislator in the case of juvenile delinquents. Therefore, in this regard, there have always been several developments that the study of the course of these develo More
        Background and Aim: Fair trial is one of the most important issues that have always been considered by the legislator in the case of juvenile delinquents. Therefore, in this regard, there have always been several developments that the study of the course of these developments can help the legislator in advancing the lofty goals of children's rights. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the legislative and judicial developments that have taken place over the years in the field of juvenile justice and has brought it closer to a fair trial. Method: The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. Results: The findings indicate that dramatic changes have taken place in the field of juvenile justice, such as the establishment of a juvenile police force, the non-openness of the trial, the specialization of juvenile courts, the need for expert juvenile court judges, the establishment of a juvenile court and possibility of appeal on all the decisions issued by the courts. Conclusion: During several decades of legislation on children, the Iranian legislature has always tried to take an effective step in the field of juvenile justice. In addition to criminal law dimensions, criminological developments have taken place in this field and the legislature has changed its approach from crime focusing to criminal, so that juvenile delinquency is more just and fair. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Examining the objection of a third party with a normal document in a lawsuit to prove the ownership of immovable property in Iranian law
        reza dehghan
        Abstract In general, in order to prevent any mistakes and errors in the votes issued by the judicial bodies, as well as the violation of the rights of individuals, it is possible to object to these votes if there is any similarity. One of the methods of protesting the More
        Abstract In general, in order to prevent any mistakes and errors in the votes issued by the judicial bodies, as well as the violation of the rights of individuals, it is possible to object to these votes if there is any similarity. One of the methods of protesting the order issued by the court is a third party objection, which is foreseen in order to prevent disturbance to third parties, a person whose rights have been disturbed by the issuance of judicial (criminal or legal) rulings and who were not present during the proceedings. The article deals with the discussion and examination of the third party objection by persons only with the normal document and we review it and we discuss the ways of the third party objection to the order to prove the ownership of immovable property with the normal document and the principles and rules used in the issuance and cancellation of it by the issuing court. We will check the principles of the following votes, you can protest as a third party. 1. Legal opinions of public, revolution and appeal courts. 2. Opinions of the Court of Administrative Justice. 3. Arbitration votes. 4. All orders and appointments. But in this article, we examine the third objection in the lawsuit related to proof of ownership of immovable property. Manuscript profile