Background: Although the beneficial role of exercise and antioxidants in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported, the interactive effect of aerobic training (AT) and royal jelly (RJ) consumption is still not well known. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of five weeks of ET and RJ consumption on glycemic indices of MS rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental trial, 49 female Sprague-Dawley rats of EAE model weighing 180-210 gr were divided into seven groups based on their motor disability, including (1) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), (2) sham (Sh), (3) 50 mg /kg of royal jelly consumption (RJ50), (4) 100 mg /kg of royal jelly consumption (RJ100), (5) aerobic training (AT), (6) AT+RJ50, and (7) AT+RJ100. In order to investigate the effects of EAE on the variables, 7 healthy rats were included in the healthy control group (HC). AT was performed for five weeks, four sessions per week at a speed of 11-15 m/min for 30 minutes, and RJ was injected intraperitoneally with the determined dose daily. To analyze the findings, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used (P≥0.05). Results: Insulin levels in the RJ50, RJ100, ET, ET+RJ50 and ET+RJ100 groups were significantly lower than the EAE group (P=0.01). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training combined with royal jelly consumption has a synergistic and favorable effect on improving glycemic indices of MS rats. Manuscript profile

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to changes in the heart as a result of impaired glucose homeostasis, leading to ventricular dysfunction and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Since sports activity is known to protect the heart, the aim of the present study was to investigate aerobic exercise and the effective substance crocetin on the expression of Myod gene in the heart tissue of an experimental model of elderly prediabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental trial, 25 elderly female c57bl6 male mice with prediabetes (20 mg/kg peritoneal injection) aged 14-16 weeks and weighing 30-35 grams were divided into 5 healthy control groups, prediabetic, prediabetic + aerobic exercise, pre-diabetic + crocetin, pre-diabetic + aerobic exercise + crocetin were divided. aerobic training was performed for eight weeks, five sessions per week. Mice received crocetin 30 mg/kg/day by intraperitoneal injection. Myod expression was measured by Real Time PCR method. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used (P≥0.05). Results: Myod gene expression was significantly decreased in the prediabetic group compared to the healthy group (P=0.01). Myod gene expression was significantly higher in the pre-diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement and diabetes group + aerobic exercise + crocetin supplement than other groups (P=0.01). Conclusion: It seems that intermittent aerobic exercise and crocetin both alone and simultaneously are effective in improving Myod gene expression in prediabetic heart tissue. Therefore, the use of periodic aerobics and crocetin n is recommended in pre-diabetes conditions of old age Manuscript profile