Providing an optimal method for dispatching an ambulance based on complex networks and artificial intelligence
Subject Areas : Generalمهدی زرکش زاده 1 , Zainabolhoda Heshmati 2 , Hadi Zare 3 , Mehdi Teimouri 4
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
Keywords:
Abstract :
The goal of emergency medical services is to reduce deaths and complications caused by diseases and injuries. Rapid dispatch of emergency services and reduced response time lead to increased survival rates. Response time is one of the important criteria for measuring the efficiency of emergency medical services. The usual method of sending ambulances is to send the nearest available unit, which pays attention to efficiency in the short term. One of the methods that has been recently mentioned in the field of ambulance dispatch is based on the analysis of complex networks. The purpose of this method is to send an ambulance to a call that is more central than other calls, which leads to better efficiency in the long run. Other methods in dispatching an ambulance are based on finding the best suitable route for service cars, and the time complexity of these methods is very high. In this article, using a hybrid approach and applying centrality criteria from complex network analysis and search methods based on artificial intelligence, an optimal and innovative method is presented to reduce the response time of emergency services. In addition, in the proposed method, the emergency priority of calls is also considered, which is an important variable in decisions. The proposed method has less limitations than the previous methods and the extensive simulation results confirm the significant improvement of this method compared to the previous methods such as the centrality method and the nearest neighbor method.
1.T. Andersson and P. Värbrand, “Decision support tools for ambulance dispatch and relocation,” J. Oper. Res. Soc., vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 195–201, 2007.
2.M. Gendreau, G. Laporte, and F. Semet, “A dynamic model and parallel tabu search heuristic for real-time ambulance relocation,” Parallel Comput., vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1641–1653, 2001.
3.E. T. Wilde, “Do Emergency Medical System Response Times Matter for Health Outcomes?,” Health Econ., vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 790–806, 2013.
4.S. Lee, “Centrality-based ambulance dispatching for demanding emergency situations,” J. Oper. Res. Soc., vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 611–618, Jul. 2012.
5.R. P. Gonzalez, G. R. Cummings, H. a Phelan, M. S. Mulekar, and C. B. Rodning, “Does increased emergency medical services prehospital time affect patient mortality in rural motor vehicle crashes? A statewide analysis.,” Am. J. Surg., vol. 197, no. 1, pp. 30–4, Jan. 2009.
6.J. D. Mayer, “Emergency medical service: delays, response time and survival,” Med. Care, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 818–827, 1979.
7.E. T. Wilde, “Do emergency medical system response times matter for health outcomes?,” Health Econ., vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 790–806, 2013.
8.S. Lee, “The role of preparedness in ambulance dispatching,” J. Oper. Res. Soc., vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 1888–1897, 2011.
9.K. Peleg and J. S. Pliskin, “A geographic information system simulation model of EMS: reducing ambulance response time,” Am. J. Emerg. Med., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 164–170, 2004.
10. “Police improve heart attack survival rates,” 21-Dec-2013. [Online]. Available: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2188852.stm.
11.C. O’Keeffe, J. Nicholl, J. Turner, and S. Goodacre, “Role of ambulance response times in the survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,” Emerg. Med. J., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 703–706, 2011.
12.D. of Health, “Healthcare output and productivity: Accounting for quality change,” 07-Dec-2005. [Online]. Available: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20081105143757/dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4124266. [Accessed: 12-Nov-2014].
13.J. F. Repede and J. J. Bernardo, “Developing and validating a decision support system for locating emergency medical vehicles in Louisville, Kentucky,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 567–581, 1994.
14.S. Lee, “Centrality-based ambulance dispatching for demanding emergency situations,” J. Oper. Res. Soc., vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 611–618, 2012.
15.S. Lee, “The role of centrality in ambulance dispatching,” Decis. Support Syst., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 282–291, 2012.
16.M. Hoard, J. Homer, W. Manley, P. Furbee, A. Haque, and J. Helmkamp, “Systems modeling in support of evidence-based disaster planning for rural areas,” Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, vol. 208, no. 1, pp. 117–125, 2005.
17.D. Guha-Sapir, F. Vos, R. Below, and S. Ponserre, “Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2011: The Numbers and Trends, published by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) Brussels,” 2012.
18.L. V. Green and P. J. Kolesar, “Anniversary article: Improving emergency responsiveness with management science,” Manag. Sci., vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 1001–1014, 2004.
19.J. D. Mayer, “Emergency medical service: delays, response time and survival,” Med. Care, pp. 818–827, 1979.
20.M. S. Maxwell, M. Restrepo, S. G. Henderson, and H. Topaloglu, “Approximate dynamic programming for ambulance redeployment,” Inf. J. Comput., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 266–281, 2010.
21.S. F. Dean, “Why the closest ambulance cannot be dispatched in an urban emergency medical services system,” Prehospital Disaster Med., vol. 23, no. 02, pp. 161–165, 2008.
22.J. Hayes, A. Moore, G. Benwell, and B. W. Wong, “Ambulance dispatch complexity and dispatcher decision strategies: implications for interface design,” in Computer Human Interaction, 2004, pp. 589–593.
23.C. S. Lim, R. Mamat, and T. Braunl, “Impact of ambulance dispatch policies on performance of emergency medical services,” Intell. Transp. Syst. IEEE Trans. On, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 624–632, 2011.
24.A. Garcia, P. Jodrá, and J. Tejel, “A note on the traveling repairman problem,” Networks, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 27–31, 2002.
25.M. Gendreau, A. Hertz, and G. Laporte, “New insertion and postoptimization procedures for the traveling salesman problem,” Oper. Res., vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1086–1094, 1992.
26.S. Arora and G. Karakostas, “Approximation schemes for minimum latency problems,” SIAM J. Comput., vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1317–1337, 2003.
27.A. Weintraub, J. Aboud, C. Fernandez, G. Laporte, and E. Ramirez, “An emergency vehicle dispatching system for an electric utility in Chile,” J. Oper. Res. Soc., pp. 690–696, 1999.
28.J. Nicholl, P. Coleman, G. Parry, J. Turner, and S. Dixon, “Emergency priority dispatch systems—a new era in the provision of ambulance services in the UK,” Pre-Hosp. Immed. Care, vol. 3, pp. 71–5, 1999.
29.M. Castrén, R. Karlsten, F. Lippert, E. F. Christensen, E. Bovim, A. M. Kvam, I. Robertson-Steel, J. Overton, T. Kraft, L. Engerstrom, and others, “Recommended guidelines for reporting on emergency medical dispatch when conducting research in emergency medicine: the Utstein style,” Resuscitation, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 193–197, 2008.
30.M. S. Andersen, S. P. Johnsen, J. N. Sørensen, S. B. Jepsen, J. B. Hansen, and E. F. Christensen, “Implementing a nationwide criteria-based emergency medical dispatch system: A register-based follow-up study.,” Scand. J. Trauma Resusc. Emerg. Med., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–8, Jul. 2013.