Civil Liability of Physicians in Medical Malpractice within Judicial Systems and Imamiyyah Jurisprudence
Subject Areas : Medical law
1 - Master of Private Law, Department of Law, Ahrar Institute of Higher Education, Rasht, Iran.
Keywords: Civil liability of physicians, medical malpractice, Imamiya Fiqh, judicial systems.,
Abstract :
This research adopts a comparative-analytical approach to examine the civil liability of physicians across three domains: legal, jurisprudential (Fiqh), and judicial. Utilizing a mixed methodology (library research, analytical, and comparative), it evaluates the medical liability system through three main axes: (theoretical foundations, litigation challenges, and pathology of judicial practices). By proposing a hybrid system emphasizing practical solutions—such as professional liability insurance, a national compensation fund, and specialized medical courts—the study presents an optimized model. This model addresses the challenges of Iran's legal system (e.g., the incomplete integration of Fiqh and codified law, and inadequate compensation for moral damages) while leveraging international experiences (e.g., a 40% reduction in litigation costs in no-fault systems and the efficacy of mixed systems). The research innovates by introducing a "tiered indigenous liability model" (distinguishing the liability of physicians, medical institutions, and the state) and designing a "wise enforcement mechanism" that integrates the principle of Etlaf (unlawful destruction), Article 1 of civil liability law, and restorative justice. This forward-looking model proposes a comprehensive strategy for reforming medical litigation, aligning with Imamiya jurisprudence (Shiite Islamic law) and global standards.
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