From the Policy of Science; the Endless Frontier to the Policy of Science and Innovation in Iran
Subject Areas : General
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Futures Study, Institute for Social and Cultural Studies (ISCS), Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Higher Education, Science Policy, Science, the Endless Frontier, R&D, Science and Innovation Policymaking,
Abstract :
The objective of the article is to benchmarking and extract the teachings of the exploration of the document of Science; The Endless Frontier, in order to productive learning from the USA science policy for science and innovation policymaking in Iran in the coming decades. The Science; The Endless Frontier is the USA policy with a special focus on basic sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Given the advances of the USA science institution and innovation ecosystem in the political, economic, social, cultural and national and international technological fields, productive learning from the science policies of the country can be a guide in science policymaking, especially in STEM. The article was conducted using the qualitative content analysis method of the final report of the National Conference on the Study of the document of Science; The Endless Frontier. The conference was held in partnership with the National Academy of Sciences, the Kavli and Sloan Foundations, with the participation of 300 scientific, business and philanthropic leaders and senior managers, with the aim of analyzing the current situation and mapping the future of the science institution with a realistic and holistic approach. Based on the principles and statements of the document of Science; the Endless Frontier of achievements of the USA in the political, economic, social, cultural and technological fields and national and international has been noteworthy in the past eight decades. In the article, fifty useful policy statements have been extracted in Iran's science and innovation policymaking. The science and innovation leaders and policymakers should strive to formulate and apply an appropriate combination of the fifty policy statements presented in the article in order to improve the innovation ecosystem and the comprehensive progress of society, including all people, all regions, and all fields
Bush, V. (1945). Science the Endless Frontier, A Report to the President by V. Bush, Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
Hendrickson, R. M. et al. (2013). Academic Leadership and Governance of Higher Education, USA, Stylus Publishing.
Hendrickson, R. M. et al. (2016). Academic Governance and Leadership in the Higher Education System, translated by S. Ghiasi and R. Mehdi, Tehran, Virayesh Pub.
Henry, J. (2002). Knowledge is Power: Francis Bacon and the Method of Science, Icon Books.
Khôi, Lê Thành (1999). Education: Cultures and Societies, translated by M. Yemenidozi Sorkhabi, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University Pub.
Krippendorff, K. (1980). Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. Beverly Hills: Sage Pub.
Mahdi, R. (2018). An Introduction to the Interaction of the University with the Surrounding Environment, Tehran, Institute of Cultural and Social Studies Pub.
Mahdi, R. (2015). Evaluation of National Science and Technology Policies in Iran, Elsevier, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, pp. 210-219.
Mahoozi, R. (2021). Supporters of Science and Technology in the World and Iran, Tehran, Institute for Cultural and Social Studies Pub.
Morin, E. (1990). An Introduction to Complex Thought, translated by A. Jahandideh, Tehran, Ney Pub.
Morin, E. (1990). Introduction to Complex Thought, Paris: Seuil.
NSF (2021). Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons, GERD for selected region, country, or economy, by performing sector and source of funds, available at https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20246/cross-national-comparisons-of-r-d-performance.
Olson, S. (2020). The Endless Frontier, the next 75 Years in Science, the National Academy of Sciences Pub.
Olson, S. (2021). Science; the Endless Frontier, translated by A. Matin, Institute for Cultural and Social Studies Pub.
Salehi, M. (2016). Evaluation of the Adaptability of Tehran State Universities and Factors Affecting It, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, S. Beheshti U. Pub.
Sporn, B. (1999). Adaptive University Structures: An Analysis of Adaptation to Socioeconomic Environments of US and European Universities, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, London, UK.
UNESCO (2024). Science, technology and innovation: Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), GERD as a percentage of GDP. Available at https://data.uis.unesco.org/index.aspx?queryid=74
Yemenidozi Sorkhabi, M. (2009). The Adapting University: A Complex Process, New Approaches and Perspectives in Higher Education, Tehran, Institute for Cultural and Social Studies Pub.
Yongxiang, L. (2010). Science and Technology in China: A Roadmap to 2050, Strategic General Report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Press Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Young, E. and Quinn, L. (2002). Writing Effective Public Policy Papers A Guide for Policy Advisers in Central and Eastern Europe, Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative, Open Society Institute Budapest.
