Sexual Harassment of Girls Under 10 and Their Vulnerability During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review Study
Subject Areas :Soodeh Dashtiane 1 , fatemeh taheri 2
1 - Lecturer in the Department of Psychology, Fatemieh Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz; Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
2 - BA Student in Psychology. Fatemiyeh Shiraz, Institute of Higher Education. Shiraz. Iran
Keywords: Sexual Injury, COVID-19, Sexual Health, Sexual Harassment, Girls.,
Abstract :
This study aims to investigate the sexual harassment of girls and the injuries inflicted on them during the quarantine period of the coronavirus pandemic. This narrative review involved a comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Civilica, Noormags, SID, Springer, and Google Scholar, reviewing published articles on the sexual abuse of girls during the Covid-19 outbreak in recent years. The articles revealed contradictory and dual results. In the early stages of COVID-19, there were signs of resilience in the general population with an extraordinary ability to bounce back and adapt. However, during the coronavirus pandemic and quarantine conditions, the environment for violence, mistreatment at home, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse against girls was fostered. Therefore, educating and informing parents, as well as educating and informing girls, can be very effective in this regard. For this reason, one of the ways to improve this situation is to increase the awareness and knowledge of parents and daughters, in various means during the corona pandemic.
1- اسحاقی، محمد(¬¬1391). آزار جنسی در یک بررسی حقوقی. مطالعات راهبردی، 20، 173-202.
2- اعزازي، شهلا(1389¬). ساختار جامعه و خشونت علیه زنان. رفاه اجتماعی، 4(14)، 59-96.
3- صادقی فسایی، سهیلا؛ و رجب لاریجانی، مهسا(1389). مطالعه جامعه‌شناختی آزار جنسی زنان در محیط کار. زن در توسعه و سیاست (پژوهش زنان)، 8(3)، 111-134.
4- قاضی طباطبایی، محمود؛ محسنی تبریزی، علیرضا؛ و مرجانی، هادی(1383) «طرح ملی بررسی پدیده خشونت خانگی علیه زنان: یافته¬های اصفهان. تهران: وزارت کشور، دفتر امور اجتماعی.
5- کار، مهرانگیز(1379). پژوهشی درباره خشونت علیه زنان در ایران. تهران: روشن گران و مطالعات زنان.
6- Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
7- Campbell, A. M. (2020). An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives. Forensic science international: reports, 2, 100089. doi:10.1016/j.fsir.2020.100089
8- Cohen, E., & Shulman, C. (2019). Mothers and toddlers exposed to political violence: Severity of exposure, emotional availability, parenting stress, and toddlers’ behavior problems. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 12, 131-140. doi:10.1007/s40653-017-0197-1
9- Cuartas, J. (2020). Heightened risk of child maltreatment amid the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate mental health problems for the next generation. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy, 12(S1), S195.
10- Fegert, J. M., Vitiello, B., Plener, P. L., & Clemens, V. (2020). Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 14, 1-11. doi:10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3
11- Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., & Zhu, T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active Weibo users. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(6), 2032. doi:10.3390/ijerph17062032
12- Lobie, T. A., Tesfaye, D., & Abrham, A. (2020). A narrative synthesis on COVID-19 risks and concerns in developing countries: The case of Ethiopia. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 12(2), 86-97. doi:10.5897/JPHE2020.1221
13- Manchia, M., Gathier, A. W., Yapici-Eser, H., Schmidt, M. V., de Quervain, D., van Amelsvoort, T., ... & Vinkers, C. H. (2022). The impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on stress resilience and mental health: A critical review across waves. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 55, 22-83. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.864
14- Spitzer, M. (2021). Open schools! Weighing the effects of viruses and lockdowns on children. Trends in neuroscience and education, 22, 100151. doi:10.1016/j.tine.2021.100151
15- Tener, D., Marmor, A., Katz, C., Newman, A., Silovsky, J. F., Shields, J., & Taylor, E. (2021). How does COVID-19 impact intrafamilial child sexual abuse? Comparison analysis of reports by practitioners in Israel and the US. Child abuse & neglect, 116, 104779. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104779
16- Yamaoka, Y., Hosozawa, M., Sampei, M., Sawada, N., Okubo, Y., Tanaka, K., ... & Morisaki, N. (2021). Abusive and positive parenting behavior in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic under the state of emergency. Child abuse & neglect, 120, 105212. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105212
