The Effect of Aerobic Training and Octopamine Supplement on Gene Expression Levels of VEGF and PDGFR in the Heart Tissue of Rats Exposed to Deep Fried Oil
Subject Areas : Sport Physiology
Faegheh Jafari Amoli
1
,
Seyed Ali Hosseini
2
,
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani
3
,
Parvin Farzanegi Arkhazloo
4
1 - Department of Sports Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Department of Sports Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
3 - Department of Sports Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran.
Keywords: Deep Fried Oils, Aerobic Training, Octopamine, VEGF, PDGFR.,
Abstract :
Background: Deep-fried oils (DFO) produce toxins that endanger people's health. Using herbal supplements along with exercise training can help improve health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training (T) and octopamine (O) supplementation on VEGF and PDGFR gene expression levels in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with DFO. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 25 male Wistar rats were purchased and placed in 5 groups of 5 animals, including: 1) control, 2) DFO, 3) DFO+T, 4) DFO+O and 5) DFO+T+O. Over a course of 4 weeks, rats in groups 2 to 5 received DFO by gavage, and rats in groups 3 and 5 ran on the treadmill 5 times a week with moderate intensity; also, rats in groups 4 and 5 received 81 μmol/kg octopamine supplement intraperitoneally 5 days a week. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test, independent samples t-test and two-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the research findings (p<0.05). Results: DFO had a significant effect on increasing the gene expression levels of VEGF (p=0.001) and PDGFR (p=0.002); training had a significant effect on the reduction of VEGF (p=0.001) and PDGFR (p=0.012); also, octopamine consumption had a significant effect on the reduction of VEGF (p=0.001) and PDGFR (p=0.045). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic training and octopamine consumption alone have anti-inflammatory effects in the heart tissue of DFO-poisoned rats, however they do not have significant anti-inflammatory interactive effects.
1. Writing Group Members, Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, Das SR, de Ferranti S, Després JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Rosamond W, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee; Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016 Jan 26;133(4):e38-360. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000350. Epub 2015 Dec 16. Erratum in: Circulation. 2016 Apr 12;133(15):e599. PMID: 26673558.
2. Naghavi E-A, Dehghannya J, Ghanbarzadeh B. Effect of hydrocolloid type on transfer phenomena during deep-fat frying of coated potato strips: Numerical modeling and experimental analysis. Comput Electron Agr. 2018;154:382-399.
3. Ekiz E, Oz F. The effects of different frying oils on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in meatballs and the changes in fatty acid compositions of meatballs and frying oils. J Sci Food Agric. 2019 Mar 15;99(4):1509-1518. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9325. Epub 2018 Oct 29. PMID: 30141529.
4. Moghe A, Ghare S, Lamoreau B, Mohammad M, Barve S, McClain C, Joshi-Barve S. Molecular mechanisms of acrolein toxicity: relevance to human disease. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Feb;143(2):242-55. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu233. PMID: 25628402; PMCID: PMC4306719.
5. Basu, S., Choudhury, I.N., Nazareth, L. et al. In vitro modulation of Schwann cell behavior by VEGF and PDGF in an inflammatory environment. Sci Rep 12, 662 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-04222-7
6. Basu S, Choudhury IN, Lee JYP, Chacko A, Ekberg JAK, St John JA. Macrophages Treated with VEGF and PDGF Exert Paracrine Effects on Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Function. Cells. 2022 Aug 4;11(15):2408. doi: 10.3390/cells11152408. PMID: 35954252; PMCID: PMC9368560.
7. Kim KB, Kim YA, Park JJ., Effects of 8-week Exercise on Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-8, Caspase-3 and HSP70 in Mouse Gastrocnemius Muscle. Journal of Life Science. 2010; 20(9): 1409-14.
8. Darvishzadeh N, Azizbeigi K, Etemad Z. The Effect of Aerobic Exercises and Octopamine Consumption on Changes in Gene Expression of Caspase-9, NLRP3, AIM2 in Brown Adipose Tissue of Rats after Intoxication with Deep Fried Oil: An Experimental Study. JRUMS 2021; 20 (1):37-52
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5775-en.html
9. Thevis M, Koch A, Sigmund G, Thomas A, Schänzer W. Analysis of octopamine in human doping control samples. Biomed Chromatogr. 2012 May;26(5):610-5. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1705. Epub 2011 Sep 19. PMID: 21932383.
10. de Oliveira AL, de Paula MN, Comar JF, Vilela VR, Peralta RM, Bracht A. Adrenergic metabolic and hemodynamic effects of octopamine in the liver. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Nov 5;14(11):21858-72. doi: 10.3390/ijms141121858. PMID: 24196353; PMCID: PMC3856039..
11. de Oliveira AL, de Paula MN, Comar JF, Vilela VR, Peralta RM, Bracht A. Adrenergic metabolic and hemodynamic effects of octopamine in the liver. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Nov 5;14(11):21858-72. doi: 10.3390/ijms141121858. PMID: 24196353; PMCID: PMC3856039..
12. Mahmudi R, Azarbayjani M A, Peeri M , Farzanegi P. Effects of Training and Octopamine Supplementation on Expression of M1 and M2 Monocyte/Macrophage Surface Markers in White Adipose Tissue of Rats Poisoned with Deep-Fried Oil. Gene Cell Tissue.7(1):e100036. doi: 10.5812/gct.100036.
13. Kazemi A. Effect of high intensity interval training on visceral and subcutaneous level of MCP-1 and plasma insulin glucose in male rats. RJMS.2017;23(152):29-3.
14. Pasavand, P., S. A. Hosseini, and S. Farsi. “Effects of Moderate and High Intensity Endurance Trainings on INFγ and TNFα of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats”. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, Vol. 7, no. 3, Sept. 2018, pp. 55-67, doi:10.30472/ijaep.v7i3.284.
15. Abdollahi S, Mohamadzadeh Salamat K, Azizbeigi K, Etemad Z. The effect of 4 weeks of aerobic training and octapamine on the levels of malondialdehyde and caspase 3 in brown adipose tissue in rats received deeply heated oils treatment. J Jiroft Univ Med Sci 2020; 7(2):394-403
URL: http://journal.jmu.ac.ir/article-1-374-en.html
16. Khademi Y, Hosseini SA, Dana F, Hamidi A, Azadmanesh M. Effect of high intensity interval training with flaxseed on interleukin-1 beta and lipocalin-2 gene expressions in the heart tissue of rats. J Arch Mil Med. 2019;6(4):e83888.
17. Abdollahi S, Salamat K, Azizbeigi K, Etemad Z. The effect of 4 weeks of aerobic training and octopamine on the levels of malondialdehyde and caspase 3 in brown adipose tissue in rats received deeply heated oils treatment. Journal of Jiroft University of Medical Sciences. 2020, 7(2),394-403.
18. Wang Z, Liao T, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Diao Y, Strappe P et al. Construction of local gene network for revealing different liver function of rats fed deep-fried oil with or without resistant starch. Toxicol Letters. 2016;258:168-74.
19. Zhao D, Tu Y, Wan L, Bu L, Huang T, Sun X, Wang K, Shen B. In vivo monitoring of angiogenesis inhibition via down-regulation of mir-21 in a VEGFR2-luc murine breast cancer model using bioluminescent imaging. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 8;8(8):e71472. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071472. PMID: 23951172; PMCID: PMC3738509.
20. Zare zadeh mehrizi AA, rajabi H, Gharakhanlou R,Naghdi N, Azimi dokht SMA. Effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on genes expression of Hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiostatin in hippocampus of male rats with Wistar model. J Shahid Sadoughi Uni Med Sci 2020; 27(11): 2063-75.
21. Wang X, Yi X, Tang D. Regular aerobic exercise activates PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β signaling and modulates the inflammatory-anti-inflammatory balance in diet-induced obese mice. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2021 Jul-Aug;15(4):387-394. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.04.003. Epub 2021 May 27. PMID: 34052185.
22. Fateme Shokri; Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani; Maghsoud Peeri; Farshad Ghazalian. "The Effect of Octopamine and Aerobic Exerciseand on Genes Affecting Angiogenesis of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Rats Fed with Deep- Fried Oil". Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health, 8, 3, 2020, 192-198. doi: 10.22038/jnfh.2020.45028.1238
23. Esfandiarifar A, Azarbayjani MA, Peeri M, Jameie SB. The Effect of Resistance Training and Berberine Chloride on the Apoptosis-related Unfolded Protein Response Signaling Pathway in the Hippocampus of Diazinon-poisoned Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci. 2021 May-Jun;12(3):373-382. doi: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2250.1. Epub 2021 May 1. PMID: 34917296; PMCID: PMC8666922.
