The effect of caffeine consumption on some factors of physical fitness and skills of young footballers
Subject Areas : Sport Nutrition
pourya pazouki
1
( Master of Sports Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. )
Abdolrasoul Daneshjoo
2
( Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Biomechanics, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. )
Keywords: caffeine, footballer, skill performance, physical fitness,
Abstract :
Background: Caffeine is a supplement that is not yet fully effective in specific football training styles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of caffeine consumption on some of the physical fitness and skill factors of young footballers. Materials and Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental and the participants of this study were 30 football players aged 16-18 years who were randomly selected and randomly assigned to one of the three groups of caffeine consumption, placebo use and control (30 = n). The variables of lower limb strength, agility, speed, maximum oxygen consumption and pass, shoot and dribble football skills were considered as dependent variables in pre-test and post-test of all participants. Data were classified by descriptive indices of mean and standard deviation and data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance test using SPSS-23 software at a significance level of P <0.05. Results: The results of statistical test showed that between the average lower limb strength (sig = 0.001), maximum oxygen consumption (sig = 0.001), speed (sig = 0.001) and agility (sig = 0.002) There is a statistically significant difference in the caffeine group with the other two groups from the pre-test to the post-test, but there is no statistically significant difference between the control and placebo groups. The results also showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean performance of shot, pass and dribble football in the caffeine group with the other two groups from the pre-test to post-test (sig = 0.001), but between the control and placebo groups. There is no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, caffeine consumption can have a positive effect on the physical fitness and technical skills of young footballers. Therefore, football coaches are advised to use caffeinated beverages before training to improve their footballers' physical and skill factors.
1. Amiri-Khorasani M, Mohammadkazemi R, Sarafrazi S, Riyahi-Malayeri S, Sotoodeh V. Kinematics analyses related to stretch-shortening cycle during soccer instep kicking after different acute stretching. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Nov;26(11):3010-7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182443442. PMID: 22158101.
2. Lees A. Science and the major racket sports: a review. J Sports Sci. 2003 Sep;21(9):707-32. doi: 10.1080/0264041031000140275. PMID: 14579868.
3. Shirvani, H., Riyahi Malayeri, S., Akbarpour Bani, M., Kazemzadeh, Y. The Effects of Taurine Supplementation with High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Serum IL-6 and TNF-α in Well-Trained Soccer Players. Journal of Sport Biosciences, 2013; 5(2): 59-79. doi: 10.22059/jsb.2013.35040.
4. Abbasi A, Riyahi Malayeri Sh, Mousavi Sadati S K,Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on carnosine amount and muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities of bodybuilding athletes. Journal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning, 2021;1(1):11-20. doi:10.52547/jspac.19831.1.1.11
5. Alghannam AF (2013) Physiology of Soccer: The Role of Nutrition in Performance. J Nov Physiother S3:003. doi:10.4172/2165-7025.S3-003
6. Riyahi Malayeri S, Abdolhay S, Behdari R, Hoseini M. The combined effect of resveratrol supplement and endurance training on IL-10 and TNF- α in type 2 diabetic rats. RJMS 2019; 25 (12) :140149URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5526-en.html.
7. Shafizadeh A. Prediction of Skill Performance in Football Talent. Growth and learning-motor-exercise.2015;1(9):59-77.
8. Rico-Sanz J, Mendez Marco MT. Creatine enhances oxygen uptake and performance during alternating intensity exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Feb;32(2):379-85. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200002000-00018. PMID: 10694120..
9. Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Oct;176(1):1-29. doi: 10.1007/s00213-004-2000-x. Epub 2004 Sep 21. PMID: 15448977..
10. Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, Malek MH. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):506-10. doi: 10.1519/18285.1. PMID: 16937961.
1. Amiri-Khorasani M, Mohammadkazemi R, Sarafrazi S, Riyahi-Malayeri S, Sotoodeh V. Kinematics analyses related to stretch-shortening cycle during soccer instep kicking after different acute stretching. J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Nov;26(11):3010-7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182443442. PMID: 22158101.
2. Lees A. Science and the major racket sports: a review. J Sports Sci. 2003 Sep;21(9):707-32. doi: 10.1080/0264041031000140275. PMID: 14579868.
3. Shirvani, H., Riyahi Malayeri, S., Akbarpour Bani, M., Kazemzadeh, Y. The Effects of Taurine Supplementation with High Intensity Intermittent Exercise on Serum IL-6 and TNF-α in Well-Trained Soccer Players. Journal of Sport Biosciences, 2013; 5(2): 59-79. doi: 10.22059/jsb.2013.35040.
4. Abbasi A, Riyahi Malayeri Sh, Mousavi Sadati S K,Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on carnosine amount and muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities of bodybuilding athletes. Journal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning, 2021;1(1):11-20. doi:10.52547/jspac.19831.1.1.11
5. Alghannam AF (2013) Physiology of Soccer: The Role of Nutrition in Performance. J Nov Physiother S3:003. doi:10.4172/2165-7025.S3-003
6. Riyahi Malayeri S, Abdolhay S, Behdari R, Hoseini M. The combined effect of resveratrol supplement and endurance training on IL-10 and TNF- α in type 2 diabetic rats. RJMS 2019; 25 (12) :140149URL: http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-5526-en.html.
7. Shafizadeh A. Prediction of Skill Performance in Football Talent. Growth and learning-motor-exercise.2015;1(9):59-77.
8. Rico-Sanz J, Mendez Marco MT. Creatine enhances oxygen uptake and performance during alternating intensity exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Feb;32(2):379-85. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200002000-00018. PMID: 10694120..
9. Juliano LM, Griffiths RR. A critical review of caffeine withdrawal: empirical validation of symptoms and signs, incidence, severity, and associated features. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004 Oct;176(1):1-29. doi: 10.1007/s00213-004-2000-x. Epub 2004 Sep 21. PMID: 15448977..
10. Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, Malek MH. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Aug;20(3):506-10. doi: 10.1519/18285.1. PMID: 16937961.
11. Graham TE, Spriet LL. Performance and metabolic responses to a high caffeine dose during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1991 Dec;71(6):2292-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1991.71.6.2292. PMID: 1778925.
12. Battig K. The physiological of coffee consumption. London Croom-Helm. 1997:439-394.
13. Pasternak H. The effect of ingesting caffeine, ephedrine and their combination on repeated strength performance. A thesis, University of Toronto. 2000;62-56.
14. Russell M. The effect of caffeine gum administration on blood glucose and blood lactate during cycling to exhaustion. A thesis, University of Akron. 2008:153-45.
15. Davis JK, Green JM. Caffeine and anaerobic performance: ergogenic value and mechanisms of action. Sports Med. 2009;39(10):813-32. doi: 10.2165/11317770-000000000-00000. PMID: 19757860.
16. Green JM, Wickwire PJ, McLester JR, Gendle S, Hudson G, Pritchett RC, Laurent CM. Effects of caffeine on repetitions to failure and ratings of perceived exertion during resistance training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2007 Sep;2(3):250-9. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2.3.250. PMID: 19168925.
17. Vergauwen L, Brouns F, Hespel P. Carbohydrate supplementation improves stroke performance in tennis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998 Aug;30(8):1289-95. doi: 10.1097/00005768-199808000-00017. PMID: 9710871..
18. Hornery DJ, Farrow D, Mujika I, Young WB. Caffeine, carbohydrate, and cooling use during prolonged simulated tennis. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2007 Dec;2(4):423-38. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2.4.423. PMID: 19171960..
19. Lorino AJ, Lloyd LK, Crixell SH, Walker JL. The effects of caffeine on athletic agility. J Strength Cond Res. 2006 Nov;20(4):851-4. doi: 10.1519/R-17445.1. PMID: 17194233..
20. Spradley BD, Crowley KR, Tai CY, Kendall KL, al e. Ingesting a pre-workout supplement containing caffeine, B-vitamins, amino acids, Creatine, and beta-alanine before exercise delays fatigue while improving reaction time and muscular endurance. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2012(9):35-28.
21. Forati H, Hojati Z, Rahmani-nia F. The Effect of Acute Caffeine Consumption on the Power and Strength of the Amateur Soccer Players. Biosciences studies in sports. 2014;2(4):77-68.
22. Lara B, Gonzalez-Millán C, Salinero JJ, Abian-Vicen J, Areces F, Barbero-Alvarez JC, Muñoz V, Portillo LJ, Gonzalez-Rave JM, Del Coso J. Caffeine-containing energy drink improves physical performance in female soccer players. Amino Acids. 2014 May;46(5):1385-92. doi: 10.1007/s00726-014-1709-z. Epub 2014 Mar 11. PMID: 24615239.
23. Haghighi A, Zaferanieh A, Hoseinikakhak A. The effect of caffeine on some of the skill and fitness indicators of the tennis players on the table. Journal of Applied Life Sciences in Sport. 2014;5(3):123-36. [In persian]
24. Heyward VH. Advanced fitness assessement and exercise prescription. Tehran: samt publication; 2010. p. 376-7.
25. Attar Sayyah A.E., Hoseini Kakhk S.A.R., Hamedinia M.R., Mehrjoo M.. Effect of 8-Week Combined Training (Resistance and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation) on Fatigue and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Intern Med Today 2016; 22 (1) :43-50
URL: http://imtj.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-2135-en.html
26. Abdoli B, Shams A, Shamsi-poor-dehkordi P. Comparing the Effect of Competitive and Participatory Learning on the Student's Selected Soccer Skills. Sports Journal Quarterly. 2010;4(2):116-05.
27. Astorino TA, Roberson DW. Efficacy of acute caffeine ingestion for short-term high-intensity exercise performance: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jan;24(1):257-65. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c1f88a. PMID: 19924012.
28. Azizi-masooleh M, Sharifi K, Ahmadi P, Hedayati M. Influence of supplementation of caffeine, carnitine and caffeine-carnitine on the level of lactic acid and a record of swimming 400 meters of breast bird swimmers of teenage girls. Razi Medical Journal. 2015;22(133):16-26.
29. Crowe MJ, Leicht AS, Spinks WL. Physiological and cognitive responses to caffeine during repeated, high-intensity exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2006 Oct;16(5):528-44. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.16.5.528. PMID: 17240784..
30. Truitt EB. The xanthines. Drills Pharmacology of Medicine. New York McGraw-Hill Book. 1971.
31. Perkins R, Williams MH. Effect of caffeine upon maximal muscular endurance of females. Med Sci Sports. 1975 Fall;7(3):221-4. PMID: 1207435.
32. Greer F, McLean C, Graham TE. Caffeine, performance, and metabolism during repeated Wingate exercise tests. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998 Oct;85(4):1502-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1502. PMID: 9760347.
33. Christensen PM, Shirai Y, Ritz C, Nordsborg NB. Caffeine and Bicarbonate for Speed. A Meta-Analysis of Legal Supplements Potential for Improving Intense Endurance Exercise Performance. Front Physiol. 2017 May 9; 8:240. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00240. PMID: 28536531; PMCID: PMC5422435.
34. Katzmarzyk PT, Malina RM, Bouchard C. Physical activity, physical fitness, and coronary heart disease risk factors in youth: the Québec Family Study. Prev Med. 1999 Dec;29(6 Pt 1):555-62. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1999.0592. PMID: 10600437..
35. Paton CD, Hopkins WG, Vollebregt L. Little effect of caffeine ingestion on repeated sprints in team-sport athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 May;33(5):822-5. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200105000-00023. PMID: 11323555.
36. Ranjbar R, Kordi M, A G. The Effect of Caffeine on Anaerobic Power, Fatigue Index and Blood Lactate Blood in Athlete's Male Students. Sports Sciences. 2009;1:123-36.
37. Schneiker KT, Bishop D, Dawson B, Hackett LP. Effects of caffeine on prolonged intermittent-sprint ability in team-sport athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Mar;38(3):578-85. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000188449.18968.62. PMID: 16540848.
