Relationship between Personality Traits and Use and Abuse of Hallucinogens
Subject Areas :Mehdi Ganji 1 , mehrdad sabet 2 , Hamzeh Ganji 3 , Khadijeh Abolmaali 4
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -
Keywords: personality hallucinogens openness agreeableness ,
Abstract :
The goal of this study was to examine the correlation between personality traits and use or abuse of hallucinogens. The statistical population consisted of all Iraninans who had used a hallucinogen at least once or abused these drugs. The sample group consisted of 100 men and women users or abusers and the control group consisted of 100 individuals who had never used these drugs. Participants answered an online survey consisting of a questionnaire for demographic background and the NEO Five Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI). Demographic, personality, and hallucinogenic drug use data were analysed using logistic regression analysis method. The analysis revealed that users/abusers of hallucinogenic drugs, compared to nonusers, are more open to new experiences and are more agreeable.
قویدل، نوشین؛ صمدی، مریم؛ خرمن¬بیز، امیرحسین؛ اسدی، علی؛ فیضی، احمدی، رقیه؛ علیرضا؛ عابدینی، مجتبی؛ حسینی، فاطمه (1391). بررسي شيوع مصرف مواد (سيگار، موادمخدر، الكل، مواد روان گردان) و عوامل مرتبط با آن در دانش آموزان سوم دبيرستان شهرستان نظرآباد، از بهمن 86 لغايت تير 87. مجله علوم پزشكي رازي، 19(97)، 36-28.
گروسی فرشی، میرتقی؛ مهریار، امیرهوشنگ؛ و قاضی طباطبایی، محمود (1380). کاربرد آزمون جدید شخصیتی نئو و بررسی تحلیل ویژگیها و ساختار عاملی آن در بین دانشجویان دانشگاههای ایران. فصلنامۀ علمی ـ پژوهشی علوم انسانی دانشگاه الزهرا، 11، 173-198.
میرز، لاورنس اس. (1395). پژوهش چند متغیری کاربردی (طرح و تفسیر) (ترجمه حسن پاشا شریفی، ولیالله فرزاد، سیمیندخت رضاخانی، حمیدرضا حسنآبادی، بلال ایزانلو، مجتبی حبیبی. تهران، رشد، 1395.
Agnew, R. (2005). Why do criminals offend?: A general theory of crime and delinquency: Roxbury Los Angeles, CA.
Amin‐Esmaeili, M., Rahimi‐Movaghar, A., Sharifi, V., Hajebi, A., Radgoo-darzi, R., Mojtabai, R., Hefazi, M., & Motevalian, A. (2016). Epi-demiology of illicit drug use disorders in Iran: prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and service utilization results from the Iranian Mental Health Survey. Addiction, 111(10), 1836-1847.
Baggott. M. J., Coyle, J,. R., Erowid, E., Erowid, F.,& Robertson, L, C. (2010) Abnormal visual experiences in individuals with histories of hallucinogen use: a Web-based questionnaire. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 114(1), 61-67.
Belcher, A. M., Volkow, N. D., Moeller, F. G., & Ferré, S. (2014). Personality traits and vulnerability or resilience to substance use disorders. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(4), 211–217.
Boardman, J. D., Finch, B. K., Ellison, C. G., Williams, D. R., & Jackson, J. S. (2001). Neighborhood disadvantage, stress, and drug use among adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42(2), 151–165.
Brownstein, H. H. (2015). The handbook of drugs and society-Wiley Handbooks in Criminology and Criminal Justice. Wiley blackwell.
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Kaelen, M., & Bolstridge, M., Williams, T. M., Williams, L. T., Underwood, R., Feilding, A & Nutt, D. J. (2016). The paradoxical psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Psychological Medicine, 46, 1379–1390.
Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). The secret lives of liberals and conservatives: Personality profiles, interaction styles, and the things they leave behind. Political Psychology, 29(6), 807–840.
Costa, Jr, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (2008). The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). In The SAGE Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Volume 2 - Personality Measurement and Testing (pp. 179-198). SAGE Publications Inc.
Duncan, G. J., Wilkerson, B., & England, P. J. D. (2006). Cleaning up their act: The effects of marriage and cohabitation on licit and illicit drug use. Pub Med, 43(4), 691-710.
Eysenck, H. J. (1992). A reply to Costa and McCrae. P or A and C—the role of theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 13(8), 867-868.
Fairbairn, C. E., Sayette, M. A., Wright, A. G., Levine, J. M., Cohn, J. F., & Creswell, K. G. (2015). Extraversion and the rewarding effects of alcohol in a social context. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(3), 660–673.
Fehrman, E., Egan, V., Gorban, A. N., Levesley, J., Mirkes, E. M., & Muhammad, A. K. (2019). Drug Use and Personality Profiles. In Personality Traits and Drug Consumption (pp. 5-33). Springer, Cham.
Fehrman, E., Muhammad, A. K., Mirkes, E. M., Egan, V., & Gorban, A. N. (2017). The five factor model of personality and evaluation of drug consumption risk. In Data Science (pp. 231-242). Springer, Cham.
Flory, K., Lynam, D., Milich, R., Lynam, M., Leukefeld, C (2002). "The relations among personality, symptoms of alcohol and marijuana abuse, and symptoms of comorbid psychopathology: Results from a community sample". Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10 (4), 425–434.
Giordano, P. C., Cernkovich, S. A., & Rudolph, J. L. (2002). Gender, crime, and desistance: Toward a theory of cognitive transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 107(4), 990-1064.
Grant, J. E., Lust, K., Chamberlain, S, R. (2019) Hallucinogen use is associated with mental health and addictive problems and impulsivity in university students. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 10,100228.
Hendricks, P.S., Thorne, Ch, B., Clark, C. B., Coombs, D. W., Johnson, M. W (2015). Classic psychedelic use is associated with reduced psychological distress and suicidality in the United States adult population. Journal of Psychology, 29(3), 280-8.
Ifeoma, O. J., Grace, N., Chimezie, N,. B., Bashir, I. W., Omeje, G. N Uzochukwu, A. F., & Onyemaechi, N. P. (2020) Effect of Drug Abuse and Health Risks Among Undergraduates of Federal Universities in Nigeria. Global Journal of Health Science, 12(8) 107-117.
Kruis, N. E., Seo, C., & Kim, B. (2020). Revisiting the Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory on Substance Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Substance Use & Misuse, 55(4), 666-683.
MacLean, K. A., Johnson, M. W., & Griffiths, R. R. (2011). Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25(11), 1453–61.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2004). A contemplated revision of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(3), 587-596.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2020). Understanding persons: From Stern's personalistics to Five-Factor Theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 109816.
Pirdehghan, A., Poor Rezaee, M., & Mirzababaee, B. (2017) Epidemiology of Substance Abuse Among Iranian Adolescents (Yazd: 2014). Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 11(4), e3743.
Schmid, Y., Enzler, F., & Gasser, P., Grouzmann, E., Preller, K. H., Sibley, C. G., Osborne, D., & Duckitt, J. (2012). Personality and political orientation: Meta-analysis and test of a Threat-Constraint Model. Journal of Research in Personality, 46(6), 664–677.
Schmid, Y., Enzler, F., Gasser, P., Grouzmann, E., Preller, K. H., Vollenweider, F. X., … Liechti, M. E. (2015). Acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide in healthy subjects. Biological Psychiatry, 78(8), 544–553.
Sedaghat, M., Mirsadoo, T., Ghorbanloo, G., & Sedaghat, S. M. (2014). Addiction and crimes in Iran. Islamic Azad University International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 19-26.
Shalit, N., Rehm, J., & Lev-Ran, Sh. (2019) Epidemiology of hallucinogen use in the U.S. results from the National epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions III. Addictive Behaviors, 89, 35-43.
World Drug Report. (2017), Web site: https://www.unodc.org/wdr2017/
Xu, X., Mar, R. a, & Peterson, J. B. (2013). Does cultural exposure partially explain the association between personality and political orientation? Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(11), 1497–517.