The effect of supplementation of HMB (beta-hydroxy betamethyl butyrate) and plyometric exercises on performance and body composition of elite parkour athletes in Tehran
Subject Areas : Sport Nutrition
Abdolrasoul Daneshjoo
1
,
Motahare Ghane
2
,
Morteza Ahmadi
3
1 - Assistant Prof., Dept. of Exercise bio mechanic, Faculty of Human Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - MSc in Exercise Physiology, Sport Nutrition
3 - MSc in Exercise Physiology, Sport Nutrition
Keywords: Agility, HMB supplement, parkour athletes, plyometric training, standing jump power,
Abstract :
Background: Parkour is a sport with alternating energy system in which some items such as lower body explosive power, muscular strength, production of high levels of power in the shortest period of time and high agility are of particular importance.Considering the anabolic and anticatabolic properties of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB), the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of taking this supplement along with plyometric training on body composition, agility and standing jump power of parkour athletes. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, forty parkour trained men (19-26 years old) have been chosen and randomly categorized into four groups: HMB group, Plyometric group, HMB and Plyometric group and control group. The training program was performed for plyometric and plyometric-HMB group, three sessions per week for eight weeks which took one hour each Session. Also HMB and plyometric-HMB groups consumed three grams of HMB per day for eight weeks. Body composition analysis and Illinois test and standing jump power test were conducted before and after eight weeks of plyometric training and HMB supplementation. Research data was analysed by ANCOVA statistical test. Results: The results of statistical analysis of each group showed that performing eight weeks of plyometric training significantly improves the standing jump power, agility and body fat percentage of the parkour athletes (p <0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that plyometric training increase the standing jump power and agility and reduce the body fat percentage in parkour athletes, but taking HMB supplement along with plyometric training only helps to burn more fat in the parkour athletes.
1. Bowers LD. Athletic drug testing. Clin Sports Med. 1998 Apr;17(2):299-318. doi: 10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70082-x. PMID: 9580843.
2. Jenkins S. Winning, cheating have ancient roots. Washington post. 2007 Aug 3.
3. Ramlan Abdul Aziz MD, History of doping, presented at the WADA Asia Education Symposium, Aug. 29,2006.
4. Calfee R, Fadale P. Popular ergogenic drugs and supplements in young athletes. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar;117(3):e577-89. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-1429. PMID: 16510635.
5. Nutrition Business Journal(2016). Supplement Business Report (2017).
6. Zanchi NE, Gerlinger-Romero F, Guimarães-Ferreira L, de Siqueira Filho MA, Felitti V, Lira FS, Seelaender M, Lancha AH Jr. HMB supplementation: clinical and athletic performance-related effects and mechanisms of action. Amino Acids. 2011 Apr;40(4):1015-25. doi: 10.1007/s00726-010-0678-0. Epub 2010 Jul 6. PMID: 20607321.
7. Gallagher PM, Carrithers JA, Godard MP, Schulze KE, Trappe SW. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate ingestion, part II: effects on hematology, hepatic and renal function. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000 Dec;32(12):2116-9. doi: 10.1097/00005768-200012000-00023. PMID: 11128860.
8. Knitter AE, Panton L, Rathmacher JA, Petersen A, Sharp R. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle damage after a prolonged run. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2000 Oct;89(4):1340-4. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.4.1340. PMID: 11007567.
9. Nissen S, Sharp R, Ray M, Rathmacher JA, Rice D, Fuller JC Jr, Connelly AS, Abumrad N. Effect of leucine metabolite beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on muscle metabolism during resistance-exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Nov;81(5):2095-104. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.2095. PMID: 8941534.
10. Wilson GJ, Wilson JM, Manninen AH. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) on exercise performance and body composition across varying levels of age, sex, and training experience: A review. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2008 Jan 3;5:1. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-5-1. PMID: 18173841; PMCID: PMC2245953
11. Nissen S, Sharp RL, Panton L, Vukovich M, Trappe S, Fuller JC Jr. beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation in humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors. J Nutr. 2000 Aug;130(8):1937-45. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.8.1937. PMID: 10917905.
12. Wilson JM, Fitschen PJ, Campbell B, Wilson GJ, Zanchi N, Taylor L, Wilborn C, Kalman DS, Stout JR, Hoffman JR, Ziegenfuss TN, Lopez HL, Kreider RB, Smith-Ryan AE, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013 Feb 2;10(1):6. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-10-6. PMID: 23374455; PMCID: PMC3568064.
13. Daneshjoo A, Raeisi S. Effect of Eight Weeks Plyometric Training on Some Kinematic Parameters, Horizontal Jumping Power, Agility, and Body Composition in Elite Parkour Athletes. J Sport Biomech. 2020; 6 (1) :54-65
URL: http://biomechanics.iauh.ac.ir/article-1-217-en.html
14. Hochberg MC, Lethbridge-Cejku M, Scott WW Jr, Reichle R, Plato CC, Tobin JD. The association of body weight, body fatness and body fat distribution with osteoarthritis of the knee: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. J Rheumatol. 1995 Mar;22(3):488-93. PMID: 7783067.
15. Wood R, "Illinois Agility Test." Topend Sports Website, 2008. https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/illinois.htm
16. Wood R, "Standing Long Jump Test." Topend Sports Website, 2008. https://www.topendsports.com/testing/tests/longjump.htm
17. Ramírez-Campillo R, González-Jurado JA, Martínez C, Nakamura FY, Peñailillo L, Meylan CM, Caniuqueo A, Cañas-Jamet R, Moran J, Alonso-Martínez AM, Izquierdo M. Effects of plyometric training and creatine supplementation on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance in female soccer players. J Sci Med Sport. 2016 Aug;19(8):682-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.10.005. Epub 2015 Nov 6. PMID: 26778661..
18. Ozbar N, Ates S, Agopyan A. The effect of 8-week plyometric training on leg power, jump and sprint performance in female soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Oct;28(10):2888-94. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000541. PMID: 24852255.
19. Imani M. The effect of two types of 4-week resistance training and plyometric training programs on the performance of male football players aged 15 to 17 years, MSc. Thesis in sport physiology, Available in www.ganj.irandoc.ac.ir, 2011.
20. Grosprêtre S, Ufland P, Jecker D. The adaptation to standing long jump distance in parkour is performed by the modulation of specific variables prior and during take-off. Movement & Sport Sciences-Science & Motricité. 2018(100):27-37. DOI: 10.1051/sm/2017022
21. Grosprêtre S, Lepers R. Performance characteristics of Parkour practitioners: Who are the traceurs? Eur J Sport Sci. 2016 Aug;16(5):526-35. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1060263. Epub 2015 Aug 12. PMID: 26267256.
22. Chelly MS, Hermassi S, Aouadi R, Shephard RJ. Effects of 8-week in-season plyometric training on upper and lower limb performance of elite adolescent handball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2014 May;28(5):1401-10. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000279. PMID: 24149768.
23. Durkalec-Michalski K, Jeszka J, Podgórski T. The Effect of a 12-Week Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) Supplementation on Highly-Trained Combat Sports Athletes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study. Nutrients. 2017 Jul 14;9(7):753. doi: 10.3390/nu9070753. PMID: 28708126; PMCID: PMC5537867.
24. Miramonti AA, Stout JR, Fukuda DH, Robinson EH 4th, Wang R, La Monica MB, Hoffman JR. Effects of 4 Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training and β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyric Free Acid Supplementation on the Onset of Neuromuscular Fatigue. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Mar;30(3):626-34. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001140. PMID: 26418369.
25. O'Connor DM, Crowe MJ. Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate and creatine monohydrate supplementation on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of highly trained athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2003 Mar;43(1):64-8. PMID: 12629464.
26. Pazuki D.M, Dietary supplements with an approach to sports performance and health, Hatmi (In Persian) ;1397.
