Application of Viable System Model in Diagnosis of Construction Supply Chain management in petrochemical industry
Subject Areas :
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran
Keywords: Viable system modelDiagnosis Construction Supply chainProject Systemic,
Abstract :
Current researches on supply chain management (SCM) in manufacturing industries are not directly applicable to construction industry. The application of SCM in the construction industry is associated with serious difficulties such as transient nature and uniqueness of construction projects, coordination problems, unrepeatable interactions and contextual differences in the manufacturing and construction industry. One of the models with the capability of complexity management is viable system model (VSM) which is rooted in organizational cybernetics. The model states that in order to achieve viability, each organization must perform certain activities and certain relationships must be established between these activities. VSM, employed to diagnose a supply chain of an Iranian Petrochemical Construction project based on the proposed methodology that includes three steps, case study selection, system identification and system diagnosis. This led to a model development as well as identification of the weaknesses of the construction supply chain (CSC). The validity of the research methodology and findings has been confirmed through multiple qualitative criteria. The research innovation is application of VSM to diagnose a CSC in combination with case study method in order to design a model and accordingly identification of the weaknesses and bottlenecks over the whole model via a systemic approach.
References:
Adham, K. A., Kasimin, H., Said, M. F., & Igel, B. (2012). Functions and inter- relationships of operating agencies in policy implementation from a viable system perspective. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 25(2), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 011- 9215- 7
Aloini, D., Dulmin, R., Mininno, V., & Ponticelli, S. (2012). A conceptual model for construction supply chain management implementation. 28th Annual ARCOM Conference, September, 675–685. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0000802
Amade, B., Akpan, E. O. ., Ubani, E. C., & Amaesh, U. F. (2016). Supply Chain Management and Construction Project Delivery : Constraints to its Application. PM World Journal, V(V), 1–19.
Arantes, A., Ferreira, L. M. D. F., & Costa, A. A. (2015). Is the construction industry aware of supply chain management? The Portuguese contractors’ perspective. Supply Chain Management, 20(4), 404–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM- 06- 2014- 0207
Ashby, W. R. (1956). An Introduction to Cybernetics. Part Two: Variety. London: Methuen.
Azambuja, M., & O’Brien, W. J. (2008). Supply Chain Modeling: Issues and Perspectives. Construction Supply Chain Management Handbook.
Baily, P., Farmer, D., & Jessop, D. (1990). Purchasing: Principles and management. Long Range Planning, 23(6), 129. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(90)90131-m
Bankvall, L., Bygballe, L. E., Dubois, A., & Jahre, M. (2010). Interdependence in supply chains and projects in construction. Supply Chain Management, 15(5), 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541011068314
Bartunek, J. M., & Seo, M. G. (2002). Qualitative research can add new meanings to quantitative research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(2), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.132
Beer, S. (1979). The heart of enterprise. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 31(9),861
Beer, Stafford. (1981). Brain of the Firm. In John Wiley & Sons (Vol. 41, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.2307/1533075
Beer, S. (1985). Diagnosing the system for organizations. The Journal of the Operational Research Society,37(7),722
Behera, P., Mohanty, R. P., & Prakash, A. (2015). Understanding Construction Supply Chain Management. Production Planning and Control, 26(16), 1332–1350. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2015.1045953
Bertalanffy, L. Von. (1950). The Theory of Open Systems in Physics and Biology. In Science (Vol. 111, pp. 23–29). American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.2307/1676073
Blanchard, B. S. (1998). Logistics Engineering and Management - Fifth Edition (p. 517). p. 517. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Boin, A., Kelle, P., & Clay Whybark, D. (2010). Resilient supply chains for extreme situations: Outlining a new field of study. International Journal of Production Economics, 126(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.01.020
Bradley, E. H., Curry, L. A., & Devers, K. J. (2007). Qualitative data analysis for health services research: Developing taxonomy, themes, and theory. Health Services Research, 42(4), 1758–1772. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475- 6773.2006.00684.x
Briscoe, G. H., Dainty, A. R. J., Millett, S. J., & Neale, R. H. (2004). Client- led strategies for construction supply chain improvement. Construction Management and Economics, 22(2), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000201394
Casey, W. L., & Beer, S. (1974). Brain of the Firm: The Managerial Cybernetics of Organization. Technology and Culture, 15(1), 129. https://doi.org/10.2307/3102789
Cheng, J. C. P., Bjornsson, H., Law, K. H., Sriram, R. D., & Jones, A. (2010). Modeling and monitoring of construction supply chains. In Advanced Engineering Informatics (Vol. 24, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.009
Cox, A., & Ireland, P. (2010). Engineering , Construction and Architectural Management Article information. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 9(5/6), 409–418.
Creswell, J., & Poth, C. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.
de La Garza, J. M., Alcantara, P., Kapoor, M., & Ramesh, P. S. (1994). Value of concurrent engineering for A/E/C industry. Journal of Management in Engineering, 10(3), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)9742-597X(1994)10:3(46)
Espejo, R, & Reyes, A. (2011). Organizational systems: Managing complexity with the viable system model.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zMaZgw2a7DAC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Espejo,+R.,+Reyes,+A.+(2011),+Organizational+system,+managing+complexity+with+viable+system+model,+Springer&ots=- prI2Bo2uK&sig=qEKxfLM556v2lRj7d5yTZv8CsIs
Espejo, Raúl, & Harnden, R. (1989). The viable system model: interpretations and applications of Stafford Beer’s VSM. Wiley.
Fearne, A., & Fowler, N. (2006). Efficiency versus effectiveness in construction supply chains: the dangers of “lean” thinking in isolation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 11(4), 283–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540610671725
FLORIAN, G. L., & CONSTANGIOARA, A. (2014). The impact of performances in romanian supply chains on organizational performances. Economia. Seria Management, 17(2), 265–275.
Gregory, A. J. (2007). Target setting, lean systems and viable systems: A systems perspective on control and performance measurement. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 58(11), 1503–1517. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602319
Guba, E. G., Lincoln, Y. S., & others. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2(163–194), 105.
Hannabuss, S. (1996). Research interviews. New Library World, 97(5), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809610122881
Harwood, S. A. (2009). The changing structural dynamics of the scottish tourism industry examined using stafford beer’s VSM. In Systemic Practice and Action Research (Vol. 22, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 009- 9129- 9
Hatmoko, J. U. D., & Scott, S. (2010). Simulating the impact of supply chain management practice on the performance of medium- sized building projects. Construction Management and Economics, 28(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190903365632
Hildbr, S., & Bodhanya, S. (2015). Guidance on applying the viable system model. Kybernetes, 44(2), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/K- 01- 2014- 0017
Humphreys, P., Matthews, J., & Kumaraswamy, M. (2003). Pre‐construction project partnering: from adversarial to collaborative relationships. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 8(2), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540310468760
Jackson, M. C. (2003). Systems Thinking – Creative Holism for Managers. In Kybernetes (Vol. 33, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.1108/k.2004.06733hae.001
Leonard, A. (2009). The viable system model and its application to complex organizations. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 22(4), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 009- 9126- z
Love, P. E. D., Irani, Z., & Edwards, D. J. (2004). A seamless supply chain management model for construction. Supply Chain Management, 9(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540410517575
Mingers, J. (2011). Soft OR comes of age- but not everywhere! In Omega (Vol. 39, Issue 6, pp. 729–741). Pergamon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2011.01.005
Nethery, S. K. (1988). Model planning and controlling system for engineering, procurement and construction of industrial projects. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Petroleum Division (Publication) PD, 23, 15–19. Retrieved from https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0052234
O’Brien, W. J., Formoso, C. T., Vrijhoef, R., & London, K. A. (2008). Construction supply chain management handbook. Construction Supply Chain Management Handbook, العدد الحا, 1–507.
O’Brien, W. J., London, K., & Vrijhoef, R. (2002). Construction Supply Chain Modeling : a Research Review and Interdisciplinary Research Agenda. Proceedings IGLC- 10, Aug. 2002, Gramado, Brazil, 1–19.
Pan, N.- H., Lin, Y.- Y., & Pan, N.- F. (2010). Enhancing construction project supply chains and performance evaluation methods: a case study of a bridge construction project. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37(8), 1094–1106. https://doi.org/10.1139/l10- 047
Pryke, S. (2009). Construction Supply Chain Management: Concepts and Case Studies. In book. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444320916
Regaliza, J. C. P. (2015). Quantitative analysis of viable systems model on software projects in the ict sector in castilla y león. Kybernetes, 44(5), 806–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/K- 06- 2014- 0112
Rezaee, Z., Azar, A., Erz, A. M. B., & Nayeri, M. D. (2019). Application of Viable System Model in Diagnosis of Organizational Structure. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 32(3), 273–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 018- 9454- y
Ríos, J. P. (2012). Design and Diagnosis for Sustainable Organizations: The Viable System Method,. In Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Schwaninger, M. (2006). Intelligent organizations: Powerful models for systemic management. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wjWUTyIVSbYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Markus+Schwaninger+(2006)&ots=QSL6LejbMz&sig=_HRlZ8xilBPLpCqGX2bymN4KclY
Schwaninger, Markus. (2004). Methodologies in conflict: Achieving synergies between system dynamics and organizational cybernetics. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 21(4), 411–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.649
Sisti, J. A. (2018). Analysis of Project Management System structure using the Viable System Model (VSM). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 78(11-B(E)), No-Specified. https://doi.org/10.25777/mw8g-5f36
Soe, Y. (2017). Construction supply chain risk management framework for construction projects: case studies in Myanmar. January. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/7631/
Stommel, M., & Wills, C. (2004). Clinical research: Concepts and principles for advanced practice nurses.
Thunberg, M. (2013a). Towards a Framework for Process Mapping and Performance Measurement in Construction Supply Chains. In Towards a Framework for Process Mapping and Performance Measurement in Construction Supply Chains (Issue 1631). https://doi.org/10.3384/lic.diva- 101964
Thunberg, M. (2013b). Towards a Framework for Process Mapping and Performance Measurement in Construction Supply Chains Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 2013 Towa (Issue 1631). Linköping Studies in Science and Technology , Thesis No . 1631.
Tserng, H. P., Yin, S. Y. L., & Li, S. (2006). Developing a Resource Supply Chain Planning System for Construction Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 132(4), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9364(2006)132:4(393)
Watts, M. (2009). Collaborative implementation network structures: Cultural tourism implementation in an english seaside context. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 22(4), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 009- 9125- 0
Wibowo, M. A., & Sholeh, M. N. (2017). Application of Supply Chain Performance Measurement in Scor Model at Building Project. IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, 0(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2017i1.2193
Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine,(Hermann & Cie Editeurs, Paris, The Technology Press, Cambridge, Mass., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1948). Cybernetics. Html.
Xue, X., Li, X., Shen, Q., & Wang, Y. (2005). An agent- based framework for supply chain coordination in construction. Automation in Construction, 14(3), 413–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2004.08.010
Xue, X., Yu, X., Wang, Y., Shen, Q., & Yu, X. (2007). Coordination mechanisms for construction supply chain management in the Internet environment. International Journal of Project Management, 25(2), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2006.09.006
Yin, R. . (2009). Case Study Research - Design and Methods. USA: Sage Publications Inc.
Zheng, X., Hu, B., & Mao, Y. (2011). Applied analysis of a supply chain management model in the construction industry. International Conference on E- Business and E- Government, ICEE2011 - Proceedings, 125–128. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEBEG.2011.5881465
Adham, K. A., Kasimin, H., Said, M. F., & Igel, B. (2012). Functions and inter- relationships of operating agencies in policy implementation from a viable system perspective. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 25(2), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 011- 9215- 7
Aloini, D., Dulmin, R., Mininno, V., & Ponticelli, S. (2012). A conceptual model for construction supply chain management implementation. 28th Annual ARCOM Conference, September, 675–685. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0000802
Amade, B., Akpan, E. O. ., Ubani, E. C., & Amaesh, U. F. (2016). Supply Chain Management and Construction Project Delivery : Constraints to its Application. PM World Journal, V(V), 1–19.
Arantes, A., Ferreira, L. M. D. F., & Costa, A. A. (2015). Is the construction industry aware of supply chain management? The Portuguese contractors’ perspective. Supply Chain Management, 20(4), 404–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM- 06- 2014- 0207
Ashby, W. R. (1956). An Introduction to Cybernetics. Part Two: Variety. London: Methuen.
Azambuja, M., & O’Brien, W. J. (2008). Supply Chain Modeling: Issues and Perspectives. Construction Supply Chain Management Handbook.
Baily, P., Farmer, D., & Jessop, D. (1990). Purchasing: Principles and management. Long Range Planning, 23(6), 129. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-6301(90)90131-m
Bankvall, L., Bygballe, L. E., Dubois, A., & Jahre, M. (2010). Interdependence in supply chains and projects in construction. Supply Chain Management, 15(5), 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541011068314
Bartunek, J. M., & Seo, M. G. (2002). Qualitative research can add new meanings to quantitative research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(2), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.132
Beer, S. (1979). The heart of enterprise. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 31(9),861
Beer, Stafford. (1981). Brain of the Firm. In John Wiley & Sons (Vol. 41, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.2307/1533075
Beer, S. (1985). Diagnosing the system for organizations. The Journal of the Operational Research Society,37(7),722
Behera, P., Mohanty, R. P., & Prakash, A. (2015). Understanding Construction Supply Chain Management. Production Planning and Control, 26(16), 1332–1350. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2015.1045953
Bertalanffy, L. Von. (1950). The Theory of Open Systems in Physics and Biology. In Science (Vol. 111, pp. 23–29). American Association for the Advancement of Science. https://doi.org/10.2307/1676073
Blanchard, B. S. (1998). Logistics Engineering and Management - Fifth Edition (p. 517). p. 517. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Boin, A., Kelle, P., & Clay Whybark, D. (2010). Resilient supply chains for extreme situations: Outlining a new field of study. International Journal of Production Economics, 126(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.01.020
Bradley, E. H., Curry, L. A., & Devers, K. J. (2007). Qualitative data analysis for health services research: Developing taxonomy, themes, and theory. Health Services Research, 42(4), 1758–1772. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475- 6773.2006.00684.x
Briscoe, G. H., Dainty, A. R. J., Millett, S. J., & Neale, R. H. (2004). Client- led strategies for construction supply chain improvement. Construction Management and Economics, 22(2), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000201394
Casey, W. L., & Beer, S. (1974). Brain of the Firm: The Managerial Cybernetics of Organization. Technology and Culture, 15(1), 129. https://doi.org/10.2307/3102789
Cheng, J. C. P., Bjornsson, H., Law, K. H., Sriram, R. D., & Jones, A. (2010). Modeling and monitoring of construction supply chains. In Advanced Engineering Informatics (Vol. 24, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2010.06.009
Cox, A., & Ireland, P. (2010). Engineering , Construction and Architectural Management Article information. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 9(5/6), 409–418.
Creswell, J., & Poth, C. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.
de La Garza, J. M., Alcantara, P., Kapoor, M., & Ramesh, P. S. (1994). Value of concurrent engineering for A/E/C industry. Journal of Management in Engineering, 10(3), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)9742-597X(1994)10:3(46)
Espejo, R, & Reyes, A. (2011). Organizational systems: Managing complexity with the viable system model.https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zMaZgw2a7DAC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Espejo,+R.,+Reyes,+A.+(2011),+Organizational+system,+managing+complexity+with+viable+system+model,+Springer&ots=- prI2Bo2uK&sig=qEKxfLM556v2lRj7d5yTZv8CsIs
Espejo, Raúl, & Harnden, R. (1989). The viable system model: interpretations and applications of Stafford Beer’s VSM. Wiley.
Fearne, A., & Fowler, N. (2006). Efficiency versus effectiveness in construction supply chains: the dangers of “lean” thinking in isolation. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 11(4), 283–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540610671725
FLORIAN, G. L., & CONSTANGIOARA, A. (2014). The impact of performances in romanian supply chains on organizational performances. Economia. Seria Management, 17(2), 265–275.
Gregory, A. J. (2007). Target setting, lean systems and viable systems: A systems perspective on control and performance measurement. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 58(11), 1503–1517. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602319
Guba, E. G., Lincoln, Y. S., & others. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2(163–194), 105.
Hannabuss, S. (1996). Research interviews. New Library World, 97(5), 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074809610122881
Harwood, S. A. (2009). The changing structural dynamics of the scottish tourism industry examined using stafford beer’s VSM. In Systemic Practice and Action Research (Vol. 22, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 009- 9129- 9
Hatmoko, J. U. D., & Scott, S. (2010). Simulating the impact of supply chain management practice on the performance of medium- sized building projects. Construction Management and Economics, 28(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190903365632
Hildbr, S., & Bodhanya, S. (2015). Guidance on applying the viable system model. Kybernetes, 44(2), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/K- 01- 2014- 0017
Humphreys, P., Matthews, J., & Kumaraswamy, M. (2003). Pre‐construction project partnering: from adversarial to collaborative relationships. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 8(2), 166–178. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540310468760
Jackson, M. C. (2003). Systems Thinking – Creative Holism for Managers. In Kybernetes (Vol. 33, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.1108/k.2004.06733hae.001
Leonard, A. (2009). The viable system model and its application to complex organizations. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 22(4), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 009- 9126- z
Love, P. E. D., Irani, Z., & Edwards, D. J. (2004). A seamless supply chain management model for construction. Supply Chain Management, 9(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598540410517575
Mingers, J. (2011). Soft OR comes of age- but not everywhere! In Omega (Vol. 39, Issue 6, pp. 729–741). Pergamon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2011.01.005
Nethery, S. K. (1988). Model planning and controlling system for engineering, procurement and construction of industrial projects. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Petroleum Division (Publication) PD, 23, 15–19. Retrieved from https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0052234
O’Brien, W. J., Formoso, C. T., Vrijhoef, R., & London, K. A. (2008). Construction supply chain management handbook. Construction Supply Chain Management Handbook, العدد الحا, 1–507.
O’Brien, W. J., London, K., & Vrijhoef, R. (2002). Construction Supply Chain Modeling : a Research Review and Interdisciplinary Research Agenda. Proceedings IGLC- 10, Aug. 2002, Gramado, Brazil, 1–19.
Pan, N.- H., Lin, Y.- Y., & Pan, N.- F. (2010). Enhancing construction project supply chains and performance evaluation methods: a case study of a bridge construction project. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37(8), 1094–1106. https://doi.org/10.1139/l10- 047
Pryke, S. (2009). Construction Supply Chain Management: Concepts and Case Studies. In book. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444320916
Regaliza, J. C. P. (2015). Quantitative analysis of viable systems model on software projects in the ict sector in castilla y león. Kybernetes, 44(5), 806–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/K- 06- 2014- 0112
Rezaee, Z., Azar, A., Erz, A. M. B., & Nayeri, M. D. (2019). Application of Viable System Model in Diagnosis of Organizational Structure. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 32(3), 273–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 018- 9454- y
Ríos, J. P. (2012). Design and Diagnosis for Sustainable Organizations: The Viable System Method,. In Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Schwaninger, M. (2006). Intelligent organizations: Powerful models for systemic management. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wjWUTyIVSbYC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=Markus+Schwaninger+(2006)&ots=QSL6LejbMz&sig=_HRlZ8xilBPLpCqGX2bymN4KclY
Schwaninger, Markus. (2004). Methodologies in conflict: Achieving synergies between system dynamics and organizational cybernetics. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 21(4), 411–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.649
Sisti, J. A. (2018). Analysis of Project Management System structure using the Viable System Model (VSM). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 78(11-B(E)), No-Specified. https://doi.org/10.25777/mw8g-5f36
Soe, Y. (2017). Construction supply chain risk management framework for construction projects: case studies in Myanmar. January. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/7631/
Stommel, M., & Wills, C. (2004). Clinical research: Concepts and principles for advanced practice nurses.
Thunberg, M. (2013a). Towards a Framework for Process Mapping and Performance Measurement in Construction Supply Chains. In Towards a Framework for Process Mapping and Performance Measurement in Construction Supply Chains (Issue 1631). https://doi.org/10.3384/lic.diva- 101964
Thunberg, M. (2013b). Towards a Framework for Process Mapping and Performance Measurement in Construction Supply Chains Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 2013 Towa (Issue 1631). Linköping Studies in Science and Technology , Thesis No . 1631.
Tserng, H. P., Yin, S. Y. L., & Li, S. (2006). Developing a Resource Supply Chain Planning System for Construction Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 132(4), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9364(2006)132:4(393)
Watts, M. (2009). Collaborative implementation network structures: Cultural tourism implementation in an english seaside context. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 22(4), 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213- 009- 9125- 0
Wibowo, M. A., & Sholeh, M. N. (2017). Application of Supply Chain Performance Measurement in Scor Model at Building Project. IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series, 0(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23546026.y2017i1.2193
Wiener, N. (1948). Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine,(Hermann & Cie Editeurs, Paris, The Technology Press, Cambridge, Mass., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1948). Cybernetics. Html.
Xue, X., Li, X., Shen, Q., & Wang, Y. (2005). An agent- based framework for supply chain coordination in construction. Automation in Construction, 14(3), 413–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2004.08.010
Xue, X., Yu, X., Wang, Y., Shen, Q., & Yu, X. (2007). Coordination mechanisms for construction supply chain management in the Internet environment. International Journal of Project Management, 25(2), 150–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2006.09.006
Yin, R. . (2009). Case Study Research - Design and Methods. USA: Sage Publications Inc.
Zheng, X., Hu, B., & Mao, Y. (2011). Applied analysis of a supply chain management model in the construction industry. International Conference on E- Business and E- Government, ICEE2011 - Proceedings, 125–128. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEBEG.2011.5881465
