Child Rights and Autism Spectrum (Fields and Plans)
Subject Areas : child rightsMahmoud Abbasi 1 , Zahra Poursina 2 , Meysam Kalhornia Golkar 3
1 - Associate Professor, Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 - Director of Psychology and Member of the Board of Directors of the Sanjeshgaran Nasle Javan Company, Tehran, Iran
3 - Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Autism, Child rights, fundamental rights, the right to health, the right to education,
Abstract :
Autism spectrum disorder or Autism is a prominent contemporary psychological disorder. Patients depending on the severity of disease, suffer from functional impairment, in the areas of communication, social interaction and behavior, and generally behavioral imbalance caused serious problems for them in normal process of family and social life. The rising trend and tangible growth in the number of children affected in recent years, has sounded the need for targeted actions in the area of autism community health management. One of the most important areas that need to be addressed is the special support for children with autism based on the general principles of child rights and in accordance with the special situation of these children. At the moment, due to lack of health insurance coverage, inadequate diagnosis and rehabilitation facilities, ignoring the right to education and enjoy the conditions appropriate to the situation, necessity of establishing parent guidance and counseling system and support the living standards of children affected in their families and community, all has led serious challenges for those with autism and their families. Accordingly, the theoretical analysis of the principles of child rights with the importance of children with autism seems to be necessary to provide the infrastructure and requirements for securing the fundamental rights of these children especially in two areas of health and education in the domestic system.
1. Samadi A. Children with Autism: A Guide for Parents and Teachers Tehran: Dowran Publications; 2017.
2. Seyed Mohammadi Y. [Translation of Psychopathology]. Rosenhan D, Seligman, M. (Author). Tehran: Arasbaran Publications; 2014.
3. Barahona-Corrêa JB, Filipe CN. A concise history of Asperger syndrome: the short reign of a troublesome diagnosis. Frontiers in psychology. 2016 Jan 25; 6: 2024.
4. DSM-III. diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Washington. DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1980.
5. DSM-IV. diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Washington. DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
6. DSM-5. diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Washington. DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
7. Abkenar J, Razavi F, Ashuri M. Analytical review of autism spectrum disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Exceptional Education 2017; 4(16): 60-69.
8. Patten E, Belardi K, Baranek GT, Watson LR, Labban JD, Oller DK. Vocal patterns in infants with autism spectrum disorder: Canonical babbling status and vocalization frequency. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2014; 44(10): 2413-28.
9. Sheinkopf SJ, Mundy P, Oller DK, Steffens M. Vocal atypicalities of preverbal autistic children. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2000; 30(4): 345-54.
10. Raza S, Sacrey LA, Zwaigenbaum L, Bryson S, Brian J, Smith IM, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Vaillancourt T, Roncadin C, Garon N. Relationship between early social-emotional behavior and autism spectrum disorder: a high-risk sibling study. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2020; 50(7): 2527-39.
11. Munkhaugen EK, Torske T, Gjevik E, Nærland T, Pripp AH, Diseth TH. Individual characteristics of students with autism spectrum disorders and school refusal behavior. Autism 2019; 23(2): 413-23.
12. Lee K, Schertz HH. Brief report: Analysis of the relationship between turn taking and joint attention for toddlers with autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2020; 50(7): 2633-40.
13. Adamson LB, Bakeman R, Suma K, Robins DL. An expanded view of joint attention: Skill, engagement, and language in typical development and autism. Child development 2019; 90(1): e1-8.
14. Zisk AH, Dalton E. Augmentative and alternative communication for speaking autistic adults: Overview and recommendations. Autism in Adulthood 2019; 1(2): 93-100.
15. Brian JA, Zwaigenbaum L, Ip A. Standards of diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder. Paediatrics & child health 2019; 24(7): 444-51.
16. Wachtel LE. The multiple faces of catatonia in autism spectrum disorders: descriptive clinical experience of 22 patients over 12 years. European child & adolescent psychiatry 2019; 28(4): 471-80.
17. Fisher WW, Felber JM, Phillips LA, Craig AR, Paden AR, Niemeier JJ. Treatment of resistance to change in children with autism. Journal of applied behavior analysis 2019; 52(4): 974-93.
18. MRCPCH SD, Wing YK. Sleep problems of children with pervasive developmental disorders: correlation with parental stress. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 2006; 48(8): 650-5.
19. Bertollo JR, Strang JF, Anthony LG, Kenworthy L, Wallace GL, Yerys BE. Adaptive behavior in youth with autism spectrum disorder: the role of flexibility. Journal of autism and developmental disorders 2020; 50(1): 42-50.
20. Boulet SL, Boyle CA, Schieve LA. Health care use and health and functional impact of developmental disabilities among US children, 1997-2005. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2009; 163(1): 19-26.
21. Green VA, Pituch KA, Itchon J, Choi A, O’Reilly M, Sigafoos J. Internet survey of treatments used by parents of children with autism. Research in developmental disabilities 2006; 27(1): 70-84.
22. Poornajaf M. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Tehran: Human Rights Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran; 2007.
23. Bradshaw J, Hoelscher P, Richardson D. An index of child well-being in the European Union. Social indicators research 2007; 80(1): 133-77.
24. Garbarino J, Briggs A. An approach to assessing ‘accountability’ in implementing the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: Implications for school psychology. School Psychology International 2014; 35(1): 29-35.
25. Reynaert D, Bouverne-de-Bie M, Vandevelde S. A review of children’s rights literature since the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Childhood 2009; 16(4):518-34.
26. UNICEF. Rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child. 2011. Available at: http://www.unicef.org/crc/index_30177.html.
27. UN. Convention on the Rights of the Child. 1989. Available at: https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx.
28. Barabadi T. The rights of children with disabilities in domestic and international law. The first national conference on the globalization of children and adolescents' rights from a legal and psychological perspective: 2018 May 11&12; Mashhad, Ir.