حقوق کودک در مقیاس اوتیسم؛ (بسترها و برنامه ها)
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق کودکمحمود عباسی 1 , زهرا پورسینا 2 , میثم کلهرنیاگلکار 3
1 - دانشیار، رئیس مرکز تحقیقات اخلاق و حقوق پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
2 - مدیر گروه روانشناسی، عضو هیأت مدیره شرکت سنجش گران نسل جوان، تهران، ایران
3 - پژوهشگر مرکز تحقیقات اخلاق و حقوق پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: پژوهشگر مرکز تحقیقات اخلاق و حقوق پزشکی, دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی, تهران, ایران,
چکیده مقاله :
اختلال طیف اوتیسم یا درخودماندگی، ناهنجاریِ روانشناختیِ شاخصِ معاصر است. مبتلایان در وجوهِ ارتباط، تعامل اجتماعی و رفتار، بسته به شدت بیماری، دچار نقصان عملکرد هستند و عموماً بیشینه ها و کمینه های رفتاری، روند عادی و متعادل زیست خانوادگی- اجتماعی را برای آنان با مشکلات جدی مواجه می نماید. سیر صعودی و رشد محسوس آمار تشخیصی کودکان مبتلا در چند سال اخیر، زنگ هشدار لزوم تبیین برنامه ها و اقدامات هدفمند در حوزه مدیریت سلامتِ جامعه اوتیسم در عرصه نظام حقوق سلامت را به صدا درآورده است. از اهمّ وجوه نیازمند اهتمام، حمایت خاص از کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم بر مبنای اصول کلی حقوق کودک و منطبق با وضعیت ویژه این کودکان است. در حال حاضر از حیث فقدان پوشش بیمه های درمانی، امکانات ناکافی تشخیص و توانبخشی، عدم توجه به حق آموزش و برخورداری از شرایط متناسب با وضعیت، لزوم استقرار سیستم هدایت و مشاوره والدین و حمایت از استانداردهای زیستیِ کودکان مبتلا در بستر خانواده و اجتماع، چالش های جدی فراروی مبتلایان به اوتیسم و خانواده های آنان، قرار داده است. بر این مبنا، تنقیح نظریِ اصول حقوق کودک با گزاره ی کودکان مبتلا به اوتیسم، جهت تمهید زیرساخت ها و ملزومات تأمین حقوق بنیادین این کودکان به ویژه در دو فاز سلامت و آموزش در نظام داخلی، امری ضروری به نظر می رسد.
Autism spectrum disorder or Autism is a prominent contemporary psychological disorder. Patients depending on the severity of disease, suffer from functional impairment, in the areas of communication, social interaction and behavior, and generally behavioral imbalance caused serious problems for them in normal process of family and social life. The rising trend and tangible growth in the number of children affected in recent years, has sounded the need for targeted actions in the area of autism community health management. One of the most important areas that need to be addressed is the special support for children with autism based on the general principles of child rights and in accordance with the special situation of these children. At the moment, due to lack of health insurance coverage, inadequate diagnosis and rehabilitation facilities, ignoring the right to education and enjoy the conditions appropriate to the situation, necessity of establishing parent guidance and counseling system and support the living standards of children affected in their families and community, all has led serious challenges for those with autism and their families. Accordingly, the theoretical analysis of the principles of child rights with the importance of children with autism seems to be necessary to provide the infrastructure and requirements for securing the fundamental rights of these children especially in two areas of health and education in the domestic system.
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