روند توسعه ارزیابی ریسک اکولوژیک منطقه ای
الموضوعات :ساجده مدنی 1 , مکرم روانبخش سنگجویی 2 , مریم پناهنده 3
1 - پژوهشکده محیط زیست جهاددانشگاهی
2 - عضو هیات علمی
3 -
الکلمات المفتاحية: ارزیابی ریسک اکولوژیک منطقه ای خطر زیست محیطی مدیریت ریسک,
ملخص المقالة :
ارزیابی ریسک اكولوژيك، که به منظور ارزیابی طیف گسترده ای از اثرات نامطلوب اکوسیستم‌هاي در معرض خطر زیست محیطی به‌کار می رود، به شدت برای تصمیم گیری در حوزه محیط زیست توصیه می شود. در این مقاله تاریخچه توسعه ارزیابی ریسک اكولوژيكي (EcoRA) بررسی می گردد و چشم اندازی برای مدیریت ریسک و ارزیابی ریسک اكولوژيكي ارائه می شود. براساس این بررسي، مرحله فرموله كردن مشکل در یک چارچوب یکپارچه مشخص، ویژگی های خطر و ارزیابی ریسک، آینده روشني براي ارزیابی ریسک اكولوژيكي به تصویر کشیده شده است. ارزیابی ریسک اكولوژيك منطقه ای نوعی از ارزیابیست که به مطالعه نظری، تحلیل‌های عدم قطعیت، استفاده یکپارچه از نرم افزار GIS و ارزیابی ریسک جامع در مقیاس منطقه ای را در آینده نیاز دارد.
[1] ANZECC and ARMCANZ (Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand). , 2000.Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality, Vols. 1 and 2. Available online at http://www.deh.gov.au/water/quality/nwqms/index.html#monitor
[2] Qiuying C, Jingling L. Development process and perspective on ecological risk assessment. Acta Ecologica Sinica. 34 239–245, 2014.
[3] X.G. Xu, H.P. Lin, Z.Y. Fu, Ecological risk assessment of yellow river delta wetland area, Peking Univ. Nat. Sci. 37 (1) (2001) 111–120
[4] Lawrence V. Tannenbaum A critical assessment of the ecological risk assessment process: A review of misapplied concepts , 2009, DOI: 10.1897/IEAM_2004a-008.1
[5] LandisWGand Wiegers JK. 2005. Chapter 2: Introduction to the regional risk assessment using the relative risk model. In: Landis WG (ed), Regional Scale Ecological Risk Assessment Using the Relative Risk Model, pp 11–36. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
[6] L.Y. Xu, G.Y. Liu, The study of a method of regional environmental risk assessment, J. Environ. Manage. 90 (2009) 3290–3296.
[7] Q.Y. Chen, J.L. Liu, K.C. Ho, et al., Development of a relative risk model for evaluating ecological risk of water environment in the Haihe River Basin estuary area, Sci. Total Environ. 420 (2012) 79–89.
[8] Xie, Guowen, Chen, Weiguang, Lin, Meizhen, Zheng, Yanling, Guo, Peiguo, Zheng, Yisheng , Ecological Risk Assessment with MCDM of Some Invasive Alien Plants in China, CCIS 35, pp. 580–587, 2009.
[9] Haiyi L., Lisa. Trevor A. Tyson, 2003, Development and application of computer simulation tools for ecological risk assessment, Environmental Modeling and Assessment 8: 311–322.
[10] Edwin C., Karen F., Michael E., Machelle D. , 2005, Habitat and exposure modeling for ecological risk assessment: A case study for the raccoon on the Savannah River Site, Ecological Modeling . J, 189 :151–167
]11[ سپهوند. ليلا، مروري بر مدل¬هاي ارزيابي ريسك اكولوژيك، دومين كنفرانس برنامه ريزي و مديريت محيط زيست، دانشگاه تهران.
[12] Environmental Protection Agency, Guidelines for ecological risk assessment, EPA/630/R–95/002F, in: Risk Assessment Forum, Environmental Protection Agency,Washington, DC, 1998.
[13] Suter, G.W. II, in Ecological Assessment of Harardous Waste Sites: A Field and Laboratory Reference Document, EPA 600/3–89/013, W. Warren-Hicks, B.R. Parkhurst, and Jr. S.S. Baker Jr., eds., Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon, 1989.
[14] US Environmental Protection Agency, Framework for ecological risk assessment, EPA/630/R-92/001, ashington, DC, Risk Assessment Forum, 1992.
[15] G.A. Pascoe, Wetland risk assessment, Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 (1993) 2293–2307.
[16] R. Bartolo, P. Bayliss, R. van Dam, Ecological risk assessment for Australia’s northern tropical rivers. Sub-project of Australia’s Tropical Rivers– an integrated data assessment and analysis (DET18). A report to Land & Water Australia. Environmental Research Institute of the Supervising Scientist, National Centre for TropicalWetland Research, Darwin NT, 2008.
[17] R. Moraes, S. Molander, A procedure for ecological tiered assessment, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 10 (2) (2004) 343–371.
[18] C.M. Martin, V. Guvanasen, Z.A. Saleem, The 3RMA risk assessment framework: a flexible approach for performing multimedia, multipathway, and multireceptor risk assessments under uncertainty, Hum. Ecol. Risk. Assess. 9 (7) (2003) 1655–1677.
[19] G.A. Burton, P.M. Chapman, E.P. Smith, Weight-of-evidence approaches for assessing ecosystem impairment, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 8 (7) (2002) 939–972.
[20] R.A. Pastorok, H.R. Akcakaya, H. Regan, et al., Role of ecological modeling in risk assessment, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 9 (4) (2003) 939–972.
[21] K.F. Gaines, D.E. Porter, S.A. Dyer, Using wildlife as receptor species: a landscape approach to ecological risk assessment, Environ. Manage. 34 (4) (2004) 528–545.
[22] M.E.Wang, Y.Y. Bai,W.P. Chen, et al., A GIS technology based potential eco-risk assessment of metals in urban soils in Beijing, China. Environ. Pollut. 161 (2012) 235–242
[23] Q.Y. Zhao, Software review of toxtools for windows, Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 10(3) (2004) 609–614.
[24] H.Y. Lu, L. Axe, T.A. Tyson, Development and application of computer simulation tools for ecological risk assessment, Environ. Model. Assess. 8 (2003) 311–322.
[25] Q.Y. Chen, J.L. Liu, K.C. Ho, et al., Development of a relative risk model for evaluating ecological risk of water environment in the Haihe River Basin estuary area, Sci. Total Environ. 420 (2012) 79–89.
[26] J.L. Liu, Q.Y. Chen, Y.L. Li, Ecological risk assessment of water environment for Luanhe River Basin based on relative risk model, Ecotoxicology 19 (2010) 4000–4015.
[27] G.M. Yu, J. Feng, Y. Che, et al., The identification and assessment of ecological risks for land consolidation based on the anticipation of ecosystem stabilization: a case study in Hubei Province, China, Land Use Policy 27 (2010) 293–303.
[28] M.D.F. Doria, N. Pidgeon, P.R. Hunter, Perceptions of drinking water quality and risk and its effect on behavior: a cross-national study, Sci. Total Environ. 407 (2009) 5455–5464.
[29] J.L. Liu, Y.L. Li, B. Zhang, et al., Ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of the Luan River source water, Ecotoxicology 18 (2009) 748–758.
[30] G.H. Eduljee, Trends in risk assessment and risk management, Sci. Total Environ. 249 (2000) 13–23.
[31] E. Wcislo, D. Ioven, R. Kucharski, et al., Human health risk assessment case study: an abandoned metal smelter site in Poland, Chemosphere 47 (2002) 507–515.
[32] D. McGraph, C.S. Zhang, O. Carton, Geostatistical analyses and hazard assessment on soil lead in Silvermines, area Ireland, Environ. Pollut. 127 (2004) 239–248.
[33] G. Landis, Chapter 1: introduction, in: Regional scale ecological risk assessment: using the relative risk model, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2005, pp. 1–9.
