ارایه چارچوبی برای اندازهگیری نوآوری باز در سازمان
الموضوعات :
هادی آذرپیرا
1
,
سعید صفری
2
,
امین حبیبی راد
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت صنعتی گرایش تحقیق در عملیات دانشگاه شاهد
2 - دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی گروه مدیریت صنعتی و کارآفرینی دانشگاه شاهد
3 - استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی گروه مدیریت صنعتی و کارآفرینی دانشگاه شاهد
الکلمات المفتاحية: نوآوری باز, نوآوری باز ورودی, نوآوری باز خروجی, نوآوری باز ترکیبی, اندازهگیری نوآوری باز, روش بهترین-بدترین,
ملخص المقالة :
توسعه نوآوري باز در سازمان، در درجه اول نیازمند تعیین جایگاه سازمان در طیف بازبودن نوآوري است. به این منظور یک چارچوب و ابزار اندازهگیری مورد نیاز است. در این تحقیق پس از مرور ادبیات و احصاء چارچوب اولیه با استفاده از پرسشنامه و روش بهترین-بدترین چارچوب اندازهگیری نوآوری باز در قالب یک معیار کمّی ایجاد و بکار گرفته شد. این معیار کمّی برای اولین بار مقادیر هر دو بعد گستره و عمق را برای هر سه فرایند نوآوری باز ورودی، خروجی و ترکیبی، در یک معیار واحد ترکیب میکند. نتایج نشان داد که فرایند ترکیبی بیشترین وزن را به خود تخصیص داده و نوآوری باز ورودی و خروجی به ترتیب در اولویتهای بعدی قرار دارند. علیرغم وزن بالای فرایند ترکیبی، شرکت در این فرایند نمره پایینی اخذ کرده که باعث پایین آمدن نمره نوآوری باز در کل شده است. تحلیل نمرات نشان میدهد که شرکت مورد مطالعه چگونه میتواند برای تقویت و توسعه رویکرد نوآوری باز برنامهریزی نماید. به عنوان مثال با تمرکز بیشتر بر اجرای اقدامات مرتبط با فرایند نوآوری باز ترکیبی از قبیل «اتحاد راهبردی» یا «ایجاد یا بهرهبرداری از شبکه ها» تا بتواند نمره نوآوری باز را ارتقا بخشد و از مزایای باز شدن فرایند نوآوری نیز بهرهبرداری نماید.
• Abulrub, A.G. and Lee, J. 2012. Open innovation management: Challenges and prospects. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences,; 41 130-138.
• Al-Belushi, K.I.A., Stead, S.M., Gray, T. and Burgess, J.G. 2018. Measurement of open innovation in the marine biotechnology sector in Oman. Marine Policy.
• Bahemia, H. and Squire, B. 2010. A contingent perspective of open innovation in view product development projects. Druid summer conference on opening up innovation: strategy, organization and technology , June, London, England.
• Bahemia, H., Squire, B. and Cousins, P. 2017. A multi-dimensional approach for managing open innovation in NPD. Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag. 37 1366–1385.
• Bianchi, M. et al. 2011. Organisational modes for open innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry: an exploratory analysis. Technovation 31 22–33.
• Birkinshaw, J., Fey, C.F.J.S. and Management, I. 2001. External sources of knowledge and performance in R&D organizations.
• Chen, J., Chen, Y. and Vanhaverbeke, W. 2011. The influence of scope, depth, and orientation of external technology sources on the innovative performance of Chinese firms. Technovation 31(8) 362-373.
• Cheng, C.C. and Huizingh, E.K. 2014. When is open innovation beneficial? The role of strategic orientation. Journal of product innovation management 31(6) 1235-1253.
• Cheng, C.C. and Shiu, E.C. 2015. The inconvenient truth of the relationship between open innovation activities and innovation performance. Management Decision 53(3) 625-647.
• Chesbrough, H. 2003a. The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard Business School Press, Boston.
• Chesbrough, H. 2006. Open innovation: A new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation. new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation.
• Chesbrough, H. and Brunswicker, S.J.S.F.I.f.I.E. 2013. Managing open innovation in large firms.
• Chesbrough, H., Rosenbloom, R.S.J.I. and change, c. 2002. The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation's technology spin‐off companies. 11(3) 529-555.
• Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke, W. and West, J. 2006. Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm: Oxford University Press on Demand.
• Chesbrough, H.W. 2003b. The Era of Open Innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review 44, No 3 35-41.
• Chesbrough, H.W. and Appleyard, M.M.J.C.m.r. 2007. Open innovation and strategy. 50(1) 57-76.
• Chesbrough, H.W. and Crowther, A.K. 2006. Beyond high tech: Early adopters of open innovation in other industries. R&D Management, 36(3) 229-236.
• Chiang, Y.H. and Hung, K.P. 2010. Exploring open search strategies and perceived innovation performance from the perspective of inter‐organizational knowledge flows. Rd Manag. 40 292–299.
• Chiaroni, D., Chiesa, V. and Frattini, F.J.E.J.o.I.M. 2009. Investigating the adoption of open innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry: a framework and an empirical analysis. 12(3) 285-305.
• Chiesa, V., Manzini, R.J.R. and Management, D. 1998. Organizing for technological collaborations: a managerial perspective. 28(3) 199-212.
• Cruz-González, J., López-Sáez, P., Navas-López, J.E. and Delgado-Verde, M. 2015. Open search strategies and firm performance: The different moderating role of technological environmental dynamism. Technovation 35 32-45.
• Dahlander, L. and Gann, D.M. 2010. How open is innovation? Res. Policy 39 699–709.
• Dodgson, M., Gann, D., Salter, A.J.R. and Management, D. 2006. The role of technology in the shift towards open innovation: the case of Procter & Gamble. 36(3) 333-346.
• Ebersberger, B., Bloch, C., Herstad, S.J. and Van De Velde, E. 2012. Open innovation practices and their effect on innovation performance. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 9(06) 1250040.
• Enkel, E., Gassmann, O. and Chesbrough, H. 2009. Open R&D and open innovation: Exploring the phenomenon. RD Manag. 39 311–316.
• Fritsch, M. and Lukas, R.J.R.p. 2001. Who cooperates on R&D? 30(2) 297-312.
• Gassmann, O. and Enkel, E. 2004. Towards a theory of open innovation: three core process archetypes. Proceedings of the R&D Management Conference, July, Lisbon, Portugal.
• Gassmann, O., Enkel, E. and Chesbrough, H. 2010. The future of open innovation. R&D Management Journal, 40(3) 213- 221.
• Greco, M., Grimaldi, M. and Cricelli, L.J.E.M.J. 2016. An analysis of the open innovation effect on firm performance. 34(5) 501-516.
• Hagedoorn, J. and Zobel, A.K. 2015. The role of contracts and intellectual property rights in open innovation. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 27 (9) 1050-1067.
• Häussler, C. 2010. The economics of knowledge regulation: an empirical analysis of knowledge flows. R&d Management 40(3) 300-309.
• Huizingh, E.K.R.E. 2011. Open innovation: State of the art and future perspectives. Technovation; 31 2-9.
• Hung, K.-P. and Chou, C. 2013. The impact of open innovation on firm performance: The moderating effects of internal R&D and environmental turbulence. Technovation 33(10-11) 368-380.
• Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P., Olander, H., Blomqvist, K. and Panfilii, V. 2012. Orchestrating R&D networks: Absorptive capacity, network stability, and innovation appropriability. European Management Journal 30(6) 552-563.
• Jones-Evans, D., Gkikas, A., Rhisiart, M. and MacKenzie, N.G. 2018. Measuring open innovation in SMEs. World Scientific. 399-427.
• Keupp, M.M. and Gassmann, O. 2009. The past and the future of international entrepreneurship: a review and suggestions for developing the field. Journal of management 35(3) 600-633.
• Kirchmann, E.M. 1994. Innovationskooperation zwischen Herstellern und Anwendern: Dt. Univ.-Verlag.
• Kobarg, S., Stumpf-Wollersheim, J. and Welpe, I.M. 2019. More is not always better: Effects of collaboration breadth and depth on radical and incremental innovation performance at the project level. Research policy 48(1) 1-10.
• Köhler, C., Sofka, W. and Grimpe, C.J.R.P. 2012. Selective search, sectoral patterns, and the impact on product innovation performance. 41(8) 1344-1356.
• Lane, P.J. and Lubatkin, M.J.S.m.j. 1998. Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning. 19(5) 461-477.
• Laursen, K. and Salter, A. 2006. Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms. Strateg. Manag. J. 27 131–150.
• Laursen, K. and Salter, A.J. 2014. The paradox of openness: Appropriability, external search and collaboration. Research policy 43(5) 867-878.
• Leiponen, A. and Helfat, C.E.J.S.M.J. 2010. Innovation objectives, knowledge sources, and the benefits of breadth. 31(2) 224-236.
• Lichtenthaler, U. 2008. Open innovation in practice: an analysis of strategic approaches to technology transactions. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 55(1) 148-157.
• Lichtenthaler, U. 2009. Outbound open innovation and its effect on firm performance: examining environmental influences. R&d Management 39(4) 317-330.
• Marcello, R., Carroll, G., Vadnerkar, G. and Volini, A. 2015. Executing an open innovation model: Cooperation is key to competition for biopharmaceutical companies. Deloitte Report.
• Mention, A.-L.J.T. 2011. Co-operation and co-opetition as open innovation practices in the service sector: Which influence on innovation novelty? 31(1) 44-53.
• Mina, A., Bascavusoglu-Moreau, E. and Hughes, A. 2014. Open service innovation and the firm's search for external knowledge. Research policy 43(5) 853-866.
• Monsef, S. and Ismail, W.K.W. 2012. The impact of open innovation in new product development process. International Journal of Fundamental Psychology & Social Sciences; 2(1) 7-12.
• Mortara, L., Napp, J., Slacik, I. and Minshall, T. 2009. How to implement open innovation: Lessons from studying large multinational companies. University of Cambridge.
• Mowery, D.C., Oxley, J.E. and Silverman, B.S.J.S.m.j. 1996. Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer. 17(S2) 77-91.
• Naqshbandi, M.M. 2016. Managerial ties and open innovation: examining the role of absorptive capacity. Management Decision 54(9) 2256-2276.
• Nonaka, I. and Takeuchi, H. 1995. The knowledge creation company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Oltra, M.J., Flor, M.L. and Alfaro, J.A. 2018. Open innovation and firm performance: the role of organizational mechanisms. Business Process Management Journal 24(3) 814-836.
• Othman Idrissia, M., Amaraa, N., Landrya, R.J.J.o.t.m. and innovation 2012. SMEs’ degree of openness: the case of manufacturing industries. 7(1) 186-210.
• Popa, S., Soto-Acosta, P. and Martinez-Conesa, I. 2017. Antecedents, moderators, and outcomes of innovation climate and open innovation: An empirical study in SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 118 134-142.
• Presenza, A., Abbate, T., Meleddu, M. and Cesaroni, F.J.I.S.B.J. 2017. Small-and medium-scale Italian winemaking companies facing the open innovation challenge. 35(3) 327-348.
• Rangamiztousi, A. and Ismail, K. 2015. A conceptual framework for the effect of open innovation practices on innovation performance. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research 5(12) 16-29.
• Rezaei, J. 2016. Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: Some properties and a linear model. Omega 64 126-130.
• Rohrbeck, R., Hölzle, K. and Gemünden, H.G. 2009. Opening up for competitive advantage–How Deutsche Telekom creates an open innovation ecosystem. R&d Management 39(4) 420-430.
• Rothwell, R. 1994. Towards the fifth-generation innovation process. Int. Mark. Rev. 11 7-31.
• Sandulli, F.D., Fernandez-Menendez, J., Rodriguez-Duarte, A. and Lopez-Sanchez, J.I.J.M.D. 2012. Testing the Schumpeterian hypotheses on an open innovation framework. 50(7) 1222-1232.
• Santoro, M.D. and Chakrabarti, A.K.J.I.T.o.E.M. 2001. Corporate strategic objectives for establishing relationships with university research centers. 48(2) 157-163.
• Schmoch, U. 2007. Double-boom cycles and the comeback of science-push and marketpull. Res. Policy 36 100-1015.
• Schroll, A. and Mild, A. 2012. A critical review of empirical research on open innovation adoption. Journal für Betriebswirtschaft 62(2) 85-118.
• Sisodiya, S.R., Johnson, J.L. and Grégoire, Y. 2013. Inbound open innovation for enhanced performance: Enablers and opportunities. Industrial Marketing Management 42(5) 836-849.
• Sofka, W., Grimpe, C.J.R. and Management, d. 2010. Specialized search and innovation performance–evidence across Europe. 40(3) 310-323.
• Spithoven, A.J.I.J.o.T.M. 2013. Open innovation practices and innovative performances: an international comparative perspective. 62(1) 1-34.
• Teplov, R.J.A.U.L. 2018. A holistic approach to measuring open innovation: contribution to theory development.
• Torres, L.T.R., Ibarra, E.R.B. and Arenas, A.P.L. 2015. Open innovation practices: a literature review of case studies. Journal of Advanced Management Science Vol 3(4).
• Tsai, C.-T. and Liao, W.-F.J.I.j.o.i.m. 2014. A framework for open innovation assessment. 18(05) 1450040.
• Van de Vrande, v., P.J. de Jong, J., Vanhaverbeke, W. and de Rochmont, M. 2009. Open innovation in SMEs: Trends, motives and management challenges. Technovation; 29 423-437.
• Von Hippel, E. 1988. The Sources of Innovation. Oxford University Press. Cambridge University Press, Nueva York.
• West, J., Salter, A., Vanhaverbeke, W. and Chesbrough, H. 2014. Open innovation: the next decade. Res. Policy 43 801–811.
• Zhang, S. et al. 2018. Open innovation and firm performance: Evidence from the Chinese mechanical manufacturing industry. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 48 76-86.
• اکبری, م., ذره پرور شجاع, ا., پاداش زیوه, ح. و علیزاده مقدم, ش.ا. 1397. تأثیر نوآوري باز وارد شونده و خارج شونده بر عملكرد نوآوري در شركتهاي فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات. فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری، دوره ششم.
• چسبرو, ه. 1389. پارادایم نوین آفرینش و تجاری سازی. تهران, انتشارات رسا.
• سوزنچی کاشانی, ا., ارجینی, ح. و مقیدنیا, م. 1395. ارائه چارچوبی براي سنجش نوآوري باز در صنایع دفاعی کشور. دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف. دانشگاه صنعتی شریف.
