مطالعه تطبیقی نیمرخ شناختی دانشآموزان مبتلا به اختلال‌های عصبی رشدی: مقایسه پردازش حسی، حافظه فعال، تنظیم هیجانی و انعطافپذیری شناختی
الموضوعات :
سید حامد حسین پور خاقانی
1
(گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
غلامرضا چلبیانلو
2
(گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
حسن بافنده قراملکی
3
(گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
الکلمات المفتاحية: اختلالات عصبی رشدی, اختلال بیش فعالی توام با نقص توجه, اختلالات یادگیری ویژه, پردازش حسی, حافظه فعال, تنظیم هیجانی و انعطاف پذیری شناختی,
ملخص المقالة :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه عملکرد کارکردهای نیمرخ شناختی در کودکان با اختلال بیش فعالی/ نقص توجه و اختلال یادگیری ویژه انجام شد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش توصیفی و علی مقایسه ای، كليه دانش آموزان پسر (سنين 8 تا 12 سال) مشغول به تحصیل(1400-1399) در شهر تبریز بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند،30 دانش آموز برای هر گروه انتخاب شد. ابزارهای پژوهش: پرسشنامه های انعطاف پذیري شناختی(CFI)، پردازش حسی (SPM)، تنظیم هیجانی کودک و نوجوان (ERQ-CA) و حافظه فعال دانيمن و كارپنتر بودند. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها، از شاخصهای توصیفی و روش تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره (مانوا) استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد، تفاوت معناداری بین عملکرد گروههای مورد بررسی و زیرمقیاسهای آنها وجود دارد(0/001>F: 263/946=P). هرچند کودکان دچار بیش فعالی، عملکرد ضعیف تری در مقیاسهای کلی انعطاف پذیری شناختی، پردازش حسی و تنظیم هیجانی ارزیابی مجدد از خود نشان دادند، در مقابل، کودکان دچار اختلالات یادگیری نیز، ضعفی مشهود در قیاس با کودکان دچار اختلالات بیش فعالی/ نقص توجه در متغیرکلی حافظه فعال و تنظیم هیجانی سرکوبی از خود بروز دادند. اين نتايج، تلويحات مهمي در زمينه مداخلات درماني موثر و انتخاب صحیح برنامه های آموزشی و توانبخشی براي ارتقاي كاركردهاي اجرايي و به دنبال آن پيشرفت تحصيلي مهیا کرده است.
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