مطالعه تطبیقی نیمرخ شناختی دانشآموزان مبتلا به اختلال‌های عصبی رشدی: مقایسه پردازش حسی، حافظه فعال، تنظیم هیجانی و انعطافپذیری شناختی
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی
سید حامد حسین پور خاقانی
1
(گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
غلامرضا چلبیانلو
2
(گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
حسن بافنده قراملکی
3
(گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران)
کلید واژه: اختلالات عصبی رشدی, اختلال بیش فعالی توام با نقص توجه, اختلالات یادگیری ویژه, پردازش حسی, حافظه فعال, تنظیم هیجانی و انعطاف پذیری شناختی,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسه عملکرد کارکردهای نیمرخ شناختی در کودکان با اختلال بیش فعالی/ نقص توجه و اختلال یادگیری ویژه انجام شد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش توصیفی و علی مقایسه ای، كليه دانش آموزان پسر (سنين 8 تا 12 سال) مشغول به تحصیل(1400-1399) در شهر تبریز بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند،30 دانش آموز برای هر گروه انتخاب شد. ابزارهای پژوهش: پرسشنامه های انعطاف پذیري شناختی(CFI)، پردازش حسی (SPM)، تنظیم هیجانی کودک و نوجوان (ERQ-CA) و حافظه فعال دانيمن و كارپنتر بودند. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها، از شاخصهای توصیفی و روش تحلیل واریانس چند متغیره (مانوا) استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد، تفاوت معناداری بین عملکرد گروههای مورد بررسی و زیرمقیاسهای آنها وجود دارد(0/001>F: 263/946=P). هرچند کودکان دچار بیش فعالی، عملکرد ضعیف تری در مقیاسهای کلی انعطاف پذیری شناختی، پردازش حسی و تنظیم هیجانی ارزیابی مجدد از خود نشان دادند، در مقابل، کودکان دچار اختلالات یادگیری نیز، ضعفی مشهود در قیاس با کودکان دچار اختلالات بیش فعالی/ نقص توجه در متغیرکلی حافظه فعال و تنظیم هیجانی سرکوبی از خود بروز دادند. اين نتايج، تلويحات مهمي در زمينه مداخلات درماني موثر و انتخاب صحیح برنامه های آموزشی و توانبخشی براي ارتقاي كاركردهاي اجرايي و به دنبال آن پيشرفت تحصيلي مهیا کرده است.
The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the performance of cognitive profile functions in children with attention Deficit/hyperactivity disorder and special learning disorder. The statistical population of this descriptive and comparative causal research is all male students (ages 8-12 years old) who were studying in Tabriz city (1399-1400) and by using the purposeful sampling method, 30 students for Each group was selected. The research tools were cognitive flexibility (CFI), sensory processing (SPM), child and adolescent emotional regulation (ERQ-CA) and working memory questionnaires by Daneman and Carpenter. In order to analyze the data, descriptive indices and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the performance of the studied groups and their subscales (F=263.946, P<0.001). Although children with hyperactivity showed a weaker performance in the general scales of cognitive flexibility, sensory processing and emotional regulation of re-evaluation, on the other hand, children with learning disorders also showed an obvious weakness in the general variable of working memory and They showed suppressed emotional regulation. These results have provided important implications in the field of effective therapeutic interventions and correct selection of training and rehabilitation programs to improve executive functions.
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