مدل مفهومی توسعه پایدار گردشگری فرهنگی با رویکرد فراترکیب
محورهای موضوعی :
مهنا نیک بین
1
,
حمید ضرغام بروجنی
2
*
,
سید رضا صالحی امیری
3
,
کامران محمدخانی
4
,
فرهاد غفاری
5
1 - مديريت
2 - دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران
3 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی علوم تحقیقات تهران
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
5 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
کلید واژه: گردشگری, توسعه پایدار, گردشگری فرهنگی, مدل مفهومی و فراترکیب,
چکیده مقاله :
گردشگری به طور خاص یک وسیله قدرتمند برای مبادلات فرهنگی میان جوامع است. بر اساس پیش‌بینی‌های سازمان جهانی گردشگری تا سال 2030؛ دو دهه آینده را زمان رشد پایدار گردشگری می‌دانند. در این میان توسعه گردشگری فرهنگی اگر بدرستی انجام شود میتواند به حفظ گنجینههای فرهنگی و طبیعی مقصد کمک کند و کیفیت زندگی جامعه بومی را ارتقا داده و هم موجب خوشنودی گردشگران شود. در این مطالعه تلاش شده تا با استفاده از رویکرد تفسیری و روش نظام‌مند فراترکیب، یافته‌های مطالعات انجام‌شده توسط سایر محققین را در حوزة مطالعات توسعه پایدار گردشگری فرهنگی به صورت سیستماتیک بررسی کند و سپس براساس استراتژی تحلیل محتوی پنهان، کدهای استخراج شده را شناسایی و در قالب مقولات دسته‌بندی و در نهایت مدل مفهومی آن‌را ارائه نماید. در این تحقیق پایگاه‌های علمی فارسی و انگلیسی معتبر تا اواخر سال 2018 میلادی (آذرماه 1397) بررسی و مقالات منتخب با استفاده از معیار CASPشناسایی شدند. کدهای شناسایی شده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Maxqda2018.1 طبقهبندی، تحلیل و تفسیر شدند. که بر این اساس 104کد اولیه در قالب29دسته مقولات اصلی و فرعی و 4 کد محوری عبارتند از؛ مولفه‌ها، عوامل موثر، پیامدها و چالش‌های توسعه پایدار گردشگری فرهنگی دسته‌بندی شدند. همچنین مدل مفهومی توسعه پایدار گردشگری فرهنگی مقصدهای گردشگری نیز ارائه گردید. در نهایت روایی نتایج تحقیق انجام شده با شاخص کاپای کوهن در نرم افزار Spss بر اساس نظرات خبرگان خارج از نویسندگان تحقیق با اندازه712/. مورد تایید قرار گرفت.
Tourism is a powerful means of cultural transactions among societies. UNWTO predicted the following two decades (to 2030) to be the tourism sustainable growth period. Cultural tourism development could preserve the cultural and natural assets of destinations, enhance the host communities’ quality of life, and delight the tourists. Following an interpretive approach and a systematic meta-synthesis technique, this paper systematically studied the scholarship in cultural tourism sustainable development. This study identified and categorized the extracted codes using a latent content analysis strategy. Based on the CASP criterion, the papers published in authentic Persian and English scientific databases by 2019 (Azar 1397) were selected. Maxqda 2018.1 was used to identify, group, analyze, and interpret the codes. One hundred four primary codes were grouped into 29 major and minor categories, and four main codes: i.e., dimensions, influential factors, impacts and challenges of cultural tourism sustainable development. We presented a conceptual model for cultural tourism sustainable development. Finally, by Cohen’s kappa index using SPSS, the validity of the results was measured 0.712, also verified by the experts excluding the authors.
Adams, E. (2010). T OWARDS S USTAINABILITY I NDICATORS. BSc.
Agyeiwaah, E., Mckercher, B., & Suntikul, W. (2017). Identifying core indicators of sustainable tourism : A path forward ? Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.07.005.
Amir, S., Mohamed Osman, M., Bachok, S., & Ibrahim, M. (2015). Sustaining local community economy through tourism : Melaka UNESCO world heritage city. In Procedia Environmental Sciences (Vol. 28, pp. 443–452). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.054
Awang, K. W., Fong, O. M., & Aziz, Y. A. (2014). THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL TOURISM IN SMALL TOWN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Malaysia tourism industry. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 6(2), 57–64.
Beck, C. (2002). Mothering Multiples :A Meta-Synthesis of the Qualitative Research, MCN. The American Journal of Maternal /Child Nursing, 28(2), 93–99.
Bench, S. and Day, T. (2010). The user experience of critical care discharges: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research. Nursing Studies, 47(4), 487–499.
Borges, M. A., Carbone, G., Bushell, R., & Jaeger, T. (2011). Sustainable tourism and natural World Heritage. Bowitz, E., & Ibenholt, K. (2009). Economic impacts of cultural heritage e Research and perspectives. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 10(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2008.09.002
Brcar, F., & Colaric-Jakse, L. M. (2017). Evaluation of cultural heritage in Posavje region by tourists and employees. Challenges of the Future, 2(1), 1–15.
Buckley, R. (2014). The effects of world heritage listing on tourism to australian national parks. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 12(1), 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667225.
Camus, S., Hikkerova, L., & Sahut, J. (2012). Systemic Analysis and Model of Sustainable Tourism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, 17(4).
Carter, R. W. B., & Beeton, R. J. S. (2004). A model of cultural change and tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 9(4), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/1094166042000311282
Carter, R. W. B., Thok, S., Rourke, V. O., & Pearce, T. (2015). Sustainable tourism and its use as a development strategy in Cambodia : a systematic literature review. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(5), 797–818. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.978787.
Chenail, R. J. (2009). Bringing Method to the Madness : Sandelowski and Barroso ’ s Handbook for Synthesizing Qualitative. The Weekly Qualitative Report, 2(2), 8–12. Retrieved from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/WQR/sandelowski.pdf.
Dixon-Woods, M., Cavers, D., Agarwal, S., Annandale, E., Arthur, A., Harvey, J., & Riley, R. (2006). Conducting a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on access to healthcare by vulnerable groups. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 6(35), 1–13.
Dragouni, M. (2017). Sustainable heritage tourism: Towards a community-led approach. UCL. du Cros, H. (2001). A new model to assist in planning for sustainable cultural heritage tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research, 3(2), 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.297.
Durovic, M., & Lovrentjev, S. (2014). INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILITY IN CULTURAL TOURISM. The Macrotheme Review, 3(7), 180–189.
Edwards, J., & Kaimal, G. (2016). Using meta-synthesis to support application of qualitative methods findings in practice: A discussion of meta-ethnography, narrative synthesis, and critical interpretive synthesis. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 51, 30–35.
Farid, S. M. (2015). Tourism management in World Heritage Sites and its impact on economic development in Mali and Ethiopia. In procedia-social and Behavioral Science (Vol. 211, pp. 595–604). Bali, Indonesia: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.078
FRANC, V. I.-, & IŞTOC, E.-M. (2007). CULTURAL TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. Romanian Journal of Economic Forecasting, 1, 89–96.
Ghasemi, A. R., Rayat Pisheh, M., A. (2016). Presenting a model for supply chain sustainability assessment using meta-synthesis approach. Executive Management, 14, 91–112.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research EGaN. In Handbook of qualitative research (Vol. 2, pp. 105–117). https://doi.org/http://www.uncg.edu/hdf/facultystaff/Tudge/Guba%20&%20Lincoln%201994.pdf
Gurira, N. A., & Ngulube, P. (2016). Using contingency valuation approaches to assess sustainable cultural heritage tourism use and conservation of the outstanding universal values(OUV) at great Zimbabwe World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe. In Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 225, pp. 291–302). Luxor: Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.028
Ismagilova, G., Safiullin, L., & Gafurov, I. (2015). Using historical heritage as a factor in tourism development. In Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 188, pp. 157–162). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.355
Khlaikaew, K. (2015). The Cultural Tourism Management under Context of World Heritage Sites : Stakeholders ’ Opinions between Luang Prabang. In Procedia Economics and Finance (Vol. 23, pp. 1286–1295). Prague, Czech Republic: Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00563-8
Ko, T. G. (2005). Development of a tourism sustainability assessment procedure : a conceptual approach. Tourism Management 26, 26, 431–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.12.003
Liu, G., & Chen, J. S. (2015). A Dynamic Model for Managing Cultural Tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(5), 500–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2014.904805
Loulanskia, T., & Loulanski, V. (2011). The sustainable integration of cultural heritage and tourism: A meta-study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(7), 837–862. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.553286
Manrique, C., Jamal, T., & Warden, R. (2016). HERITAGE TOURISM AND CONSERVATION A Cultural Resilience Bridge ? Tazim Jamal. In and T. J. Ana María Munar (Ed.), Tourism Research Paradigms : Critical and Emergent Knowledges. Emerald.
MING SU, M., & WALL, G. (2012). Community Participation in Tourism at a World Heritage Site : Mutianyu Great Wall , Beijing , China. International Journal of Tourism Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr
Natalie, M., & Goode, U. (2014). Cultural heritage tourism on Peru ’ s north coast. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 6(3), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-03-2014-0013
Niroomand, P.; Ranjbar, M.; Sadi, M., & Amirshahi, M. (2012). Identification and classification of mobile business models based on meta-synthesis approach. Information Technology Management, 4(10), 179–201.
Noblit, G.W. and Hare, R. . (1988). Meta-Ethnography: Synthesizing Qualitative studies. Sage Publications.
Nocca, F. (2017). The Role of Cultural Heritage in Sustainable Development : Multidimensional Indicators as Decision-Making Tool. Sustainability, 9, 2–28. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101882.
OECD. (2016). OECD TOURISM TRENDS and policies 2016 (Vol. 99).
Omar, H. (2013). THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM IN MALAYSIA : IMPLICATION FOR PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY. NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY.
Padin, C., & Svensson, G. (2013). A multi-layer matrix model of sustainable tourism reconnection analyses. European Business Review, 25(2), 206–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555341311302684
Pakdeepinit, P. (2007). A MODEL FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN KWAN. SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY.
Paterson, B. L., & Canam, C. (2001). Meta-study of qualitative health research: A practical guide to meta-analysis and meta-synthesis. Los Angeles, U.S.A: Sage Publications.
Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., Britten, N., Roen, K., & Duffy, S. (2006). Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mark_Rodgers4/publication.
Ring, N., Ritchie, K., Mandava, L., & Jepson, R. (2011). A guide to synthesising qualitative research for researchers undertaking health technology assessments and systematic reviews. NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (QIS). Retrieved from http://www.iiip.scot.nhs.uk/media/CLT/ResourceUploads/1011201/HTA_MethodsofSynthesisingQualitativeLiterature_DEC101.pdf%5Cnhttps://dspace.stir.ac.uk/handle/1893/3205
Roders, A. P., & Oers, R. van. (2011). World Heritage cities management. Facilities, 29(7/8), 276–285. Sandelowski, M., & Barroso, J. (2007). Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Seyfi, S., Hall, C. M., & Fagnoni, E. (2018). Managing World Heritage Site stakeholders : a grounded theory paradigm model approach Managing World Heritage Site stakeholders : a grounded theory. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 0(0), 1–17.
Smeeton, N. . (1985). Early History of the Kappa Statistic. Biometrics, 41, 795.
Swanson, K. K., & Devereaux, C. (2012). Advances in Culture , Tourism and Hospitality Research Emerald Book Chapter : Culturally Sustainable Entrepreneurship : A Case Study for Hopi Tourism CULTURALLY SUSTAINABLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP : A CASE STUDY FOR HOPI TOURISM. Advances in Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 6, 479–494. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1871-3173(2012)0000006029.
Thomas, J. (2004). Integrating qualitative research with trials in systematic reviews. Bmj, 328(7446), 1010–1012. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7446.1010.
Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45 Torggler, B., & France, C. (2015). UNESCO ’ s Work on Culture and Sustainable Development Evaluation of a Policy Theme.
Towner, J. (1985). The Grand Tour: a key phase in the history of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 297–333.
UNWTO. (2004). Indicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism Destinations. A Guidebook. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization. Retrieved from 92-844-0726-5.
UNWTO. (2011). Tourism Towards 2030 Global Overview. UNTWO General Assembly, 19th Session.
UNWTO. (2017). SDG Indicators for “ Sustainable tourism ” A UNWTO contribution to the IAEG-SDG.
Unwto, O. (2018). 2018 Edition UNWTO International Tourism Trends 2017, 1–20.
Vargas, G. (2013). A Normative Model For Sustainable Cultural And Heritage Tourism In Regional Development Of Southern Jalisco. IICMR Research Journal, 7(2), 9–23.
Viera, A. J., & Garrett, J. M. (2005). Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. Fam Med, 37(5), 360–363.
Wan, Y. K. P., & Li, X. (2013). Sustainability of Tourism Development in Macao, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, 65(September 2011), 52–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.
Yun, H. J., & Zhang, X. (2016). Cultural Conservation and Tourism Development in the Consolidation Stage of the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model Consolidation Stage of the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model. Tourism Planning & Development, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2016.1243147.
Zimmer, L. (2006). Qualitative meta-synthesis: a question of dialoguing with texts. Advanced Nursing, 53, 11–18.
