مطالعۀ کارایی روشهای مختلف تجزیۀ زیستی میکروبی در حذف آلاینده‌های هیدروکربنی نفت خام
الموضوعات :
فرهود نوائی
1
(دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری)
عباس هاشمی‌زاده
2
(دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری)
الکلمات المفتاحية: تخریب میکروبی, آلاینده‌های هیدروکربنی نفتی, تجزیۀ بیولوژیکی, پالایش زیستی,
ملخص المقالة :
آلاینده‌های هیدروکربن‌های نفتی، از لحاظ تجزیه و مقابله جزء ترکیب‌های سخت بوده و به عنوان آلاینده‌های آلی پایدار و مهم طبقه بندی می‌شوند. این آلاینده‌ها اثرات نامطلوبی بر سلامت انسان و محیط پیرامونش دارند و مقابله با آلودگی محیط زیست ناشی از آنها مسئلۀ مهمی برای جهان و جوامع بشری است. هرچند پاکسازی این آلاینده‌ها از محیط زیست یک مشکل اساسی است، اما تجزیۀ بیولوژیکی که از فعالیّت بیولوژیکی طبیعی و تجزیۀ میکروبی استفاده می‌کند، یک روش سازگار با محیط زیست و اقتصادی برای کنترل این نوع آلودگی‌ها است و در پاکسازی محیط‌های آلوده با هیدروکربن‌های نفتی به یک روش اصلی تبدیل شده است. پژوهش حاضر یک بررسی جامع، به‌هنگام و کارآمد دربارۀ تصفیۀ زیستی آلاینده‌های هیدروکربنی نفت خام با در نظر گرفتن دگرگونی و تغییرات هیدروکربن‌ها توسط میکروارگانیسمها با تمرکز ویژه بر بینش‌های جدید به وجود آمده در چند سال اخیر را ارائه می‌دهد. همچنین متابولیسم هیدروکربن‌ها در میکروارگانیسمها با مرور تحقیقات ارائه شده در چند سال اخیر تشریح شده است. نتایج مطالعه حاضر به خوبی نشان می‌دهد آلاینده‌های هیدروکربن‌های نفتی با استفاده از برخی میکروارگانیسمها مانند اولئوفیلیک، تا حد قابل قبولی زیست‌تجزیه‌پذیر بوده و حذف آنها با این روش مقرون به صرفه و اقتصادی است، همچنین تجزیۀ بیولوژیکی میکروبی آلاینده‌های هیدروکربن نفتی از فعالیّت‌های کاتالیزوری آنزیمی میکروارگانیسمها استفاده می‌کند و میزان تخریب آلاینده‌ها را تا چندین برابر روشهای سنتی افزایش دهد.
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