ظرفیت¬سنجی مدیریت شهری در فرایند توانمندسازی سکونتگاههای غیررسمی، نمونه موردی: پنج شهر ایران
محورهای موضوعی :
محمدرضا بذرگر
1
(شیراز)
محمد رحیمی
2
(شیراز)
علی سلطانی
3
(شیراز)
کلید واژه: اسکان غیررسمی, توانمندسازی, ظرفیت¬, سنجی, فرایند تحلیل شبکه, فرایند تحلیل شبکه¬, ای فازی, مدیریت شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
موضوع توانمندسازی سکونتگاههای غیررسمی همواره با دو چالش روبرو بوده است. اول فقدان ظرفیت های لازم برای اجرا و آشنانبودن مدیریت شهری با ماهیت طرح توانمندسازی جهت افزایش این ظرفیت ها و دوم عدم اعتماد ساکنین اینگونه بافت ها به مدیریت شهری و به تبع آن چالش جذب مشارکت آن ها. این پژوهش بر آن است که با تمرکز بر چالش اول به عنوان مسأله پژوهش، با رویکردی تحلیلی توصیفی به سنجش و مقایسه ظرفیت های موجود مدیریت شهری در راستای توانمندسازی سکونتگاههای غیررسمی در پنج شهر ایران بپردازد تا کاستی هایی که از سوی مدیریت شهری متوجه این موضوع است، مشخص گردد. در این راستا با استناد به منابع اسنادی و کتابخانه ای، شاخص های سنجش ظرفیت مدیریت شهری در ابعاد مختلف تدوین شده است. در ادامه جهت کمَی سازی و گردآوری داده های موردنیاز هر شاخص، از نظر کارشناسان، استفاده از مصاحبه‌های عمیق و اطلاعات موجود در طرح توانمندسازی سکونتگاههای غیررسمی این شهرها استفاده شده است. جهت تحلیل داده ها و سنجش عدد نهایی ظرفیت موجود مدیریت شهری هر یک از شهرهای مورد بررسی در راستای توانمندسازی سکونت گاههای غیررسمی هر شهر، از مدل ANP-FUZZY و برای وزن دهی شاخص ها در این مدل، از متخصصین، مدیران شهری و پژوهشگران نظرسنجی صورت گرفته است. نتایج رتبه بندی مدیریت شهرهای مورد مطالعه جهت توانمند سازی سکونتگاههای غیر رسمی از بیشترین به کمترین ظرفیت به ترتیب: 1. شیراز؛ 2. مرودشت؛ 3. یاسوج؛ 4. زابل و 5. ایرانشهر می باشد و به ترتیب شاخص های: 1. استفاده از روش-های شهرسازی مشارکتی؛ 2. برگزاری نشست ها و کارگاه های آموزشی شهروندی مرتبط با مسائل اسکان غیررسمی و 3. میزان پایداری درآمد بیشترین اهمیت را در این رتبه بندی داشته اند.
Empowerment of informal settlements has been always faced with two challenges. Firtly, Lack of necessary capacity to implement and unfamiliarity of urban management with the nature of empowerment plan to increase these capacities. Secondly, distrust of the residents of these textures to urban management and consequently the challenge of attracting their participation. This study aims by focusing on the first challenge as a research problem, with analytical- descriptive approach to evaluate and compare the existing capacity of urban management in order to empower informal settlements in five cities, so that the shortcomings of the urban managment regarding this issue to be determined. In this regard, according to documents and library resources, indicators of urban management capacity has been developed in many aspects. Furthermore, in order to quantify and collect data needed for each indicator, according to experts, using in-depth interviews and avialable information in the empowerment plan of informal settlements of theses cities has been considered. To analyze the data and evaluate the final number of available capacity of urban management of each of the surveyed cities in order to empower informal settlements of each city, the FUZZY-ANP model, and for weighting of indicators in this model, professionals, city administrators and researchers were surveyed. Ranking results of the management of the cities in order to empower informal settlements from highest to lowest capacity were 1- Shiraz, 2- Marvdasht, 3-Yasouj, 4-Zabol, and 5-Iranshahr respectively. Moreover, the indiocators of 1- using participatory planning method, 2- meetings and workshops related to issues of informal settlements, and 3- the stability of income respectively had the highest significance in this ranking.
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