تحلیل نظام جبران خسارت ناشی از خطاهای پزشکی با تأکید بر خلأهای قانونی در حقوق ایران
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق پزشکی
نگین بنی نور
1
,
یاسمن یعقوبی
2
,
آمبار دوا اراواتی
3
1 - کارشناس ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، موسسه آموزش عالی احرار، رشت، ایران.
2 - دانشیارمدیریت آموزشی ، گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی شهید بهشتی ،دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان،رشت، ایران.
3 - کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ویدیا حسادا سمارانگ،سمارانگ،اندونزی
کلید واژه: خطای پزشکی, جبران خسارت, مسئولیت مدنی پزشک, حقوق بیمار, حقوق ایران ,
چکیده مقاله :
افزایش پیچیدگی خدمات درمانی و گسترش مداخلات پزشکی در دهههای اخیر، در کنار ارتقای سطح آگاهی بیماران نسبت به حقوق خود، موجب رشد چشمگیر دعاوی ناشی از خطاهای پزشکی شده است. در این میان، «نظام جبران خسارت» بهعنوان یکی از ارکان اساسی حمایت از زیاندیدگان، نقشی تعیینکننده در تحقق عدالت ترمیمی و تضمین حقوق بیماران ایفا میکند. با این حال، بررسی مقررات موجود در حقوق ایران نشان میدهد که نظام جبران خسارت ناشی از خطاهای پزشکی با چالشها و خلأهای قانونی متعددی مواجه است؛ از جمله ابهام در معیار تشخیص خطای پزشکی، دشواری اثبات تقصیر و رابطه سببیت، محدودیتهای موجود در جبران کامل خسارات وارده (بهویژه خسارات معنوی)، و ناکارآمدی برخی سازوکارهای حمایتی نظیر بیمه مسئولیت حرفهای پزشکان است. مقاله حاضر با رویکردی توصیفی-تحلیلی، در پی تحلیل نظام جبران خسارت ناشی از خطاهای پزشکی در حقوق ایران و شناسایی مهمترین خلأهای قانونی در این حوزه است و میکوشد با ارائه راهکارهایی تقنینی و رویهای، زمینه ارتقای کارآمدی نظام جبران خسارت و حمایت مؤثرتر از حقوق بیماران را فراهم آورد.
The increasing complexity of medical services and the expansion of medical interventions in recent decades, along with the rising awareness of patients regarding their rights, have led to a significant growth in lawsuits arising from medical errors. In this context, the "compensation system," as a fundamental pillar supporting the aggrieved, plays a decisive role in achieving restorative justice and guaranteeing patients' rights. However, an examination of the existing regulations in Iranian law reveals that the compensation system for medical errors faces numerous challenges and legal gaps, including ambiguity in the standard for identifying a medical error, difficulty in proving fault and causality, limitations in fully compensating for incurred damages (especially non-pecuniary damages), and the inefficiency of certain support mechanisms such as professional liability insurance for physicians. This article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to analyze the compensation system for medical errors in Iranian law and identify the most significant legal gaps in this area, attempting to provide legislative and procedural solutions to enhance the effectiveness of the compensation system and more effectively support patients' rights.
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