حمله اسرائیل به کنسولگری ایران در سوریه و حمله متقابل ایران به اسرائیل از منظر حقوق بین الملل
محورهای موضوعی : International lawمحمد صالح عالمی 1 , امیررضا نیک منش 2
1 - گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه حقوق، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: اﻣﺎﻛﻦ دﻳﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ و ﻛﻨﺴﻮﻟﻲ, ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ, ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ١٩٦١ و ١٩٦٣, ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻼﻓﻲ ﺟﻮﻳﺎﻧﻪ, دﻓﺎع ﻣﺸﺮوع,
چکیده مقاله :
اﻣﺎﻛﻦ دﻳﭙﻠﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ و ﻛﻨﺴﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ وﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮارى ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ در ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ اﺳﺖ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ و ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ از اﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن و ﺗﺪاوم ﺗﻤﺎس دوﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ دو ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻣﻮاد ٢٢ ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ١٩٦١ و ٣١ ﻋﻬﺪﻧﺎﻣﻪ ١٩٦٣ ﻣﺼﻮﻧﻴﺖ دارﻧﺪ و ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻌﺮض و ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎى دﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد؛ اﻣﺎ رژﻳﻢ اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎدﻳﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ و ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ آﺷﻜﺎر اﻫﺪاف و اﺻﻮل ﻣﻨﺸﻮر ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ و ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻞ ﻋﺮﻓﻲ و ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺣﻘﻮق ﺑﺸﺮ را ﻧﺎدﻳﺪه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و در ١٣ ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ ١٤٠٣ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺴﻮﻟﮕﺮى اﻳﺮان در ﺳﻮرﻳﻪ ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ آن ﺗﻌﺪادى از ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن ﺳﭙﺎه ﭘﺎﺳﺪاران اﻧﻘﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺎدت رﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه ﺟﻤﻬﻮرى اﺳﻼﻣﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﻼﻓﻲ ﺟﻮﻳﺎﻧﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻞ ﺑﻪ دﻓﺎع ﻣﺸﺮوع در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ٢٥ ﻓﺮوردﻳﻦ ١٤٠٣ اﺳﺮاﺋﻴﻞ را ﻣﻮرد ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺮار داد. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ درﮔﻴﺮى ٢ ﻛﺸﻮر و وﺟﻮه ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ و ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻲ ﺣﻤﻼت آﻧﻬﺎ را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار دادهاﻧﺪ و در ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر از ﺷﻴﻮه ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاى ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮدهاﻧﺪ.
Diplomatic and consular premises are among the most significant means of establishing political communication at the international level. The protection and supervision of these premises reflect the goodwill of the host country and the continuity of friendly relations between two countries, as established under Articles 22 of the 1961 Convention and Article 31 of the 1963 Convention. These provisions offer immunity and must not be subject to attacks or violations by the host country or any other states. However, the Israeli regime, by disregarding the laws and international regulations, has openly ignored the goals and principles of the United Nations Charter and international human rights law, especially regarding human rights. On April 3, 2023, Israel attacked the Iranian Consulate in Syria, leading to the martyrdom of several commanders of the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps. Furthermore, the Islamic Republic of Iran, acting within the framework of self-defense and following the principle of proportionality, launched a retaliatory military operation on April 25, 2023, targeting Israel. In this article, the authors analyze the historical background of the two countries' interactions, the political and legal aspects of the attacks, and how the principles of international law apply to these events. They employ a library research method to examine the issues discussed in the article.
