ساماندهی رودخانههای شهری: ارزیابی اثرات محیطزیستی بر پایداری اکوسیستم، (مطالعه موردی: رودخانه گرگرود)
محورهای موضوعی : Environmental impact assessment
مجتبی فرهادزاده
1
,
حیدر داودیان
2
,
سیدمحمد موسوی
3
,
راضیه شمشیرگران
4
,
پریسا ملکی
5
1 - شرکت آب منطقه ای مازندران، شرکت مدیریت منابع آب ایران، وزارت نیرو، ایران
2 - شرکت آب منطقه ای مازندران، شرکت مدیریت منابع آب ایران، وزارت نیرو، ایران
3 - شرکت آب منطقه ای مازندران، شرکت مدیریت منابع آب ایران، وزارت نیرو، ایران
4 - دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران- مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
5 - شرکت آب منطقه ای مازندران، شرکت مدیریت منابع آب ایران، وزارت نیرو، ایران
کلید واژه: چک لیست, رودخانه گرگرود, محیطزیستی, مداخلات مهندسی رودخانهای,
چکیده مقاله :
مطالعات محیط زیستی از ارکان کلیدی طرحهای ساماندهی رودخانهها، بهویژه در محدودههای شهری و روستایی به شمار میروند. این مقاله با هدف ارزیابی کمی و کیفی اثرات محیط زیستی احداث دیوار ساحلی در رودخانه گرگرود، واقع در جنوب شهرستان تنکابن استان مازندران، تدوین شدهاست. در این مطالعه با بهرهگیری از روش چکلیستهای استاندارد، اثرات محیط زیستی در سه مؤلفه اصلی شامل محیط فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی و اجتماعی- اقتصادی و فرهنگی، در دو فاز ساختمانی و بهرهبرداری بررسی شد. چکلیستها بر اساس شاخصهای کمی مانند شدت اثر، مدت زمان اثر، گستره مکانی و برگشتپذیری، تهیه شده و مجموعاً 3 نوع چکلیست تکمیل شد. نتایج نشان داد در فاز ساختمانی، 80 درصد اثرات منفی، مربوط به محیط فیزیکی است که همگی کوتاهمدت، با نحوه اثر مستقیم و برگشتپذیر میباشند. پس از پایان عملیات ساختمانی، شدت اثرات منفی به میزان قابلتوجهی کاهش یافته و اثرات مثبت آغاز میشود. در فاز بهرهبرداری، اثرات مثبت در محیطهای فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی و اجتماعی- اقتصادی و فرهنگی غالب است، بهطوری که به ترتیب 80، 75 و 6/66 درصد از کل اثرات، مثبت ارزیابی شدهاند. همچنین اغلب این اثرات دارای بازه زمانی بلندمدت هستند. در راستای کنترل اثرات منفی و ارتقاء آثار مثبت طرح، پیشنهاد میشود اقدامات مدیریتی و برنامهریزیهای نظارتی با شاخصهای مشخص اجراشود. بر این اساس، انتظار میرود اجرای طرح ساماندهی رودخانه گرگرود، به بهبود کمی و کیفی شاخصهای محیط زیستی منطقه منجر شود.
Environmental studies are considered key pillars of river regulation plans, especially in urban and rural areas. This paper has been prepared with the aim of quantitatively and qualitatively assessing the environmental impacts of constructing a riverbank wall on the Gorganrud River, located in the south of Tonekabon County, Mazandaran Province. In this study, using the standard checklist method, the environmental impacts were evaluated across three main components including physical, biological, and socio-economic-cultural environments during both the construction and operation phases. The checklists were developed based on quantitative indicators such as impact intensity, duration, spatial extent, and reversibility. In total, three types of checklists were completed. The results showed that, during the construction phase, 80% of the negative impacts are related to the physical environment, and that all of them are short-term, direct in their effects, and reversible. After the completion of the construction activities, the intensity of the negative impacts decreases significantly, and positive impacts begin to emerge. In the operational phase, positive impacts predominate in the physical, biological, and socio-economic and cultural environments, such that 80%, 75%, and 66.6% of the total impacts are assessed as positive, respectively. Additionally, most of these impacts are long‑term. It is recommended that, to control negative impacts and enhance the positive effects of the project, management actions and monitoring plans with clear indicators be implemented. Accordingly, it is expected that the implementation of the Gorganrud River regulation plan will lead to quantitative and qualitative improvement of the region’s environmental indicators.
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