ساماندهی رودخانههای شهری: ارزیابی اثرات محیطزیستی بر پایداری اکوسیستم، (مطالعه موردی: رودخانه گرگرود)
الموضوعات : Environmental impact assessment
مجتبی فرهادزاده
1
,
حیدر داودیان
2
,
سیدمحمد موسوی
3
,
راضیه شمشیرگران
4
,
پریسا ملکی
5
1 - شرکت آب منطقه ای مازندران، شرکت مدیریت منابع آب ایران، وزارت نیرو، ایران
2 - شرکت آب منطقه ای مازندران، شرکت مدیریت منابع آب ایران، وزارت نیرو، ایران
3 - شرکت آب منطقه ای مازندران، شرکت مدیریت منابع آب ایران، وزارت نیرو، ایران
4 - دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران- مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
5 - شرکت آب منطقه ای مازندران، شرکت مدیریت منابع آب ایران، وزارت نیرو، ایران
الکلمات المفتاحية: چک لیست, رودخانه گرگرود, محیطزیستی, مداخلات مهندسی رودخانهای,
ملخص المقالة :
مطالعات محیط زیستی از ارکان کلیدی طرحهای ساماندهی رودخانهها، بهویژه در محدودههای شهری و روستایی به شمار میروند. این مقاله با هدف ارزیابی کمی و کیفی اثرات محیط زیستی احداث دیوار ساحلی در رودخانه گرگرود، واقع در جنوب شهرستان تنکابن استان مازندران، تدوین شدهاست. در این مطالعه با بهرهگیری از روش چکلیستهای استاندارد، اثرات محیط زیستی در سه مؤلفه اصلی شامل محیط فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی و اجتماعی- اقتصادی و فرهنگی، در دو فاز ساختمانی و بهرهبرداری بررسی شد. چکلیستها بر اساس شاخصهای کمی مانند شدت اثر، مدت زمان اثر، گستره مکانی و برگشتپذیری، تهیه شده و مجموعاً 3 نوع چکلیست تکمیل شد. نتایج نشان داد در فاز ساختمانی، 80 درصد اثرات منفی، مربوط به محیط فیزیکی است که همگی کوتاهمدت، با نحوه اثر مستقیم و برگشتپذیر میباشند. پس از پایان عملیات ساختمانی، شدت اثرات منفی به میزان قابلتوجهی کاهش یافته و اثرات مثبت آغاز میشود. در فاز بهرهبرداری، اثرات مثبت در محیطهای فیزیکی، بیولوژیکی و اجتماعی- اقتصادی و فرهنگی غالب است، بهطوری که به ترتیب 80، 75 و 6/66 درصد از کل اثرات، مثبت ارزیابی شدهاند. همچنین اغلب این اثرات دارای بازه زمانی بلندمدت هستند. در راستای کنترل اثرات منفی و ارتقاء آثار مثبت طرح، پیشنهاد میشود اقدامات مدیریتی و برنامهریزیهای نظارتی با شاخصهای مشخص اجراشود. بر این اساس، انتظار میرود اجرای طرح ساماندهی رودخانه گرگرود، به بهبود کمی و کیفی شاخصهای محیط زیستی منطقه منجر شود.
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