بررسی اثر غلظت هوا ( CO2) معماری فضاهای درمانی بر احساس خستگی و سازگاری حرارتی کارکنان

چکیده مقاله :

کیفیت پایین هوا و سطوح بالای CO₂ در فضاهای درمانی به‌دلیل تهویه ناکافی و شرایط نامناسب، آسایش حرارتی و سلامت کارکنان را تهدید می‌کند. معماری مناسب این فضاها با طراحی بهینه تهویه، نورگیری و چیدمان، می‌تواند از تجمع CO₂ جلوگیری کرده و خستگی و کاهش عملکرد کارکنان را کاهش دهد. از این رو هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش غلظت بالای CO2 بر احساس خستگی و سازگاری حرارتی کارکنان فضاهای درمانی است. مطالعه حاضر به روش آزمایشگاهی در یک درمانگاه تخصصی در شهر ایلام انجام گرفت، جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل 20 نفر از کارکنان فضاهای درمانی است که در یک آزمایشگاه در زیر زمین فعالیت داشتند. گروه های شرکت کننده پس از تقسیم به صورت تصادفی در معرض دو سطح CO2 با مقادیر1100 PPM با تهویه مکانیکی و 1800 PPM بدون تهویه مکانیکی قرار گرفتند، همزمان مقادیر ضربان قلب، وضعیت آسایش حرارتی(بر اساس پرسشنامه استانداردهای ASHRAE آمریکا)، احساس خستگی (بر اساس پرسشنامه استانداردMFI) ثبت گردید. سپس داده ها از طریق تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره، مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.یافته ها نشان داد غلظت بالای CO2 (1800 PPM بدون تهویه در مقابل 1100 PPM با تهویه) بر احساس خستگی عمومی، جسمی و ذهنی و کاهش فعالیت و انگیزه کارکنان تاثیر معنی داری دارد(05/0> p). همچنین عدم سازگاری حرارتی کارکنان حین فعالیت کاری، بر بروز خستگی عمومی، جسمی و ذهنی تاثیری معنی داری دارد تاثیر معنی داری دارد(05/0> p). افزایش میزان ضربان قلب کارکنان بر خستگی عمومی کاهش فعالیت و انگیزه تاثیر معنی داری دارد(05/0> p). همچنین اثر متقابل این فاکتور ها معنادار نیست(05/0< p). بنابراین مهم ترین عامل بین سطوح خستگی متغیر خستگی عمومی است و پس از آن خستگی جسمی و ذهنی هستند. با استناد به مقادیر CO2 در استاندارد اشری امریکا و نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، غلظت بالای CO2 (1800 PPM در مقابل 1100 PPM) در محیط های درمانی می تواند بر احساس خستگی و سازگاری حرارتی افراد اثرگذار باشد و در بلند مدت سبب بروز آسیب جدی به سلامت افراد در فضاهای درمانی گردد، همچنین نتایج نشان داد غلظت بالای CO2 سبب عدم سازگاری حرارتی، افزایش ضربان قلب و بروز خستگی عمومی، جسمی و ذهنی است و باعث کاهش فعالیت و انگیزه کارکنان می شود. ایجاد تهویه مطبوع و کنترل مداوم کیفیت هوا در محل کار افراد جهت ارتقاء عملکرد افراد و حفظ سلامت کارکنان فضاهای درمانی ضروری است.

چکیده انگلیسی :

Poor indoor air quality and elevated CO₂ levels in healthcare environments—due to inadequate ventilation and unfavorable environmental conditions—can compromise thermal comfort and endanger staff health. Appropriate architectural design, including optimized ventilation, daylighting, and spatial organization, can help prevent CO₂ buildup, reduce fatigue, and enhance staff performance.The aim of this study was to examine the effect of elevated CO₂ concentrations on staff fatigue and thermal comfort in healthcare facilities. An experimental study was conducted in a specialized clinic in Ilam, Iran. The study population consisted of 20 healthcare staff members working in a basement-level laboratory. Participants were randomly assigned to exposure to two different CO₂ concentrations: 1100 ppm with mechanical ventilation and 1800 ppm without mechanical ventilation.During exposure, heart rate measurements, thermal comfort assessments (using the ASHRAE standard questionnaire), and fatigue evaluations (using the standardized Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, MFI) were recorded. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).Findings revealed that higher CO₂ concentrations (1800 ppm without ventilation compared to 1100 ppm with ventilation) had a significant impact on general, physical, and mental fatigue, as well as a decrease in staff activity and motivation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, thermal discomfort during work activities significantly contributed to general, physical, and mental fatigue (p < 0.05). Increased heart rate was also significantly associated with general fatigue and reduced activity and motivation (p < 0.05). However, the interaction effects between these factors were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).Among the various dimensions of fatigue, general fatigue emerged as the most influential factor, followed by physical and mental fatigue.According to ASHRAE standards and the results of this study, elevated CO₂ concentrations (1800 ppm vs. 1100 ppm) in healthcare environments can adversely affect fatigue levels and thermal comfort, potentially leading to serious long-term health issues for staff. The findings also demonstrated that higher CO₂ levels cause thermal discomfort, elevated heart rates, and increased general, physical, and mental fatigue, ultimately reducing staff activity and motivation.Thus, implementing effective ventilation systems and continuous monitoring of indoor air quality are essential strategies for enhancing staff performance and safeguarding the health of employees in healthcare environments.

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