جايگاه اصل حسن نيت در حقوق ايران و اصول قراردادهاي تجاري بين المللي(در مراحل مذاکرات،انعقاد،اجرا وتفسیر قراردادی)
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق تجارت
1 - کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: مفهوم حسن نیت, حقوق ایران, اصول قراردادهای بین المللی,
چکیده مقاله :
حسن نیت به عنوان یکی از اصول اخلاقی، در حقوق قراردادها جایگاهی بس شگرف یافته است در قانون ما جای یک ماده ی مستقلی برای رعایت حسن نیت خالی است. اما با جستجو در مواد قوانین مختلف به خصوص بیمه و استناد به آنها می توان، می توان قاعده ی کلی را از طریق استقرا در قوانین جهت رعایت حسن نیت وضع و اجرا کرد و طرفین قرارداد را ملزم به رعایت آن در تمام مراحل قرارداد اعم از مذاکرات قراردادی، انعقاد، اجرا و تفسیر نمود. در واقع مصادیق قانونی چون، خیارات، احکام بیان شده در زمینه ی اکراه و اضطرار، اصل غیر قابل استناد بودن ایرادات، معاملات تاجر ورشکسته بعد از تصدیق قبولی و ... را می توان نشان از پذیرش این اصل در حقوق ایران، قلمداد نمود. در مقابل ماده ی 1-7 اصول قراردادهای تجاری بین المللی مقرر داشته طرفین باید مطابق با حسن نیت و معامله ی منصفانه عمل نمایند. براین اساس ، اصل حسن نیت در کلیه مراحل قراردادی باید رعایت گردد.کارکرد این قاعده در جای جای این اصول مشاهده می شود.
Good faith principle, as one of the ethical principles, has a significant place in contract law. In our law, there is no separate article to observe good faith. However, by searching the provisions of various laws, especially insurance laws, and referring to them, we can infer a general rule for observing good faith in laws and make the parties to the contract obliged to observe it in all stages of the contract, including negotiation, conclusion, performance and interpretation. In fact, legal examples such as options, provisions regarding coercion and necessity, non-reliability of defects, deals of bankrupt merchants after acceptance, etc. can be considered as evidence of accepting this principle in Iranian law. On the other hand, according to Article 1-7 of the Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the parties must act in accordance with good faith and fair dealing. Therefore, the principle of good faith must be observed in all stages of the contract. The function of this rule can be seen in various provisions of these principles.
1. Ebrahimi, .(2020) Comparative Study of the Concept and Effects of Good Faith in the Conclusion, Interpretation, and Performance of Contracts, International Law Journal, Center for International Legal Affairs of the Presidency, No. 41. [In Persian]
2. Eskini, R and Niazi Shahroki, R. (2007). The Concept of Good Faith and Fair Dealing, Gavah Quarterly Law Journal, No. 10. [In Persian]
3. Ansari, A.(2012). The Theory of Good Faith in Contracts, Jungle (Eternal) Publications, Second Edition. [In Persian]
4. Akhlaghi, B and Imam, F,(2000). Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Institute for the Unification of Private Law, First Edition. [In Persian]
5. Barikloo, A and Khazaei, S. (2011). The Principle of Good Faith and Its Consequences in the Pre-contractual Period with a Comparative Study of English and French Law, Judiciary Legal Journal, No. 75. [In Persian]
6. Hajipour, M. (2011).The Role of Good Faith in Contracts, Law Quarterly Journal of Tehran University, No. 4. [In Persian]
7. Jafari Langroudi, M. (1993). Law of Obligations, Tehran University Press, Third Edition, Tehran. [In Persian]
8. Demarchioli, M, Hatami, A and Gharaei, M.(2011) Commercial Law in the Current Legal System, Prosecutor Publications, Thirteenth Edition. [In Persian]
9. Shahidi, M. (2003). The Effects of Contracts and Obligations, Asr-e-Hoquq Publications, Tehran. [In Persian]
10. Safaei, H.(2005). International Sales Law, Tehran University Press, First Edition, Tehran. [In Persian]
11. Safaei, M. (2006). Vertical Rules of Contracts, Mizan Publications, First Edition, Tehran. [In Persian]
12. Salehi Rad, M. (2000). Good Faith in the Performance of Contracts and Its Consequences, Judiciary Legal Journal, No. -, n.d. [In Persian]
13. Adl, M.(1952). Civil Law, Amir Kabir Publications, Second Edition. [In Persian]
14. Alizadeh ,S.(2008). Foundations of the Principle of Good Faith and Fair Dealing in Contracts, Journal of Theology and Law, n.d. [In Persian]
15. Ghasemzadeh, S. (2012) Short Civil Law of Contracts and Obligations, Dadgostar Publications, Seventh Edition. [In Persian]
16. Katouzian, N. (2009).General Rules of Contracts, Volumes One and Two, Publication Company, Eighth Edition. [In Persian]
17. Katouzian, N.(2012). General Rules of Contracts, Volume Three, Publication Company, Seventh Edition. [In Persian]
18. Katouzian, N. (2010). Specific Contracts in Civil Law Course, Volume Four, Publication Company, Sixth Edition. [In Persian]
19. Katouzian, N. (2008). Preliminary Course in Family Law, Mizan Publications, Sixth Edition. [In Persian]
20. Magnus,U.(2004). Considerations on the Principle of Good Faith, translated by Mehdi Alizadeh, Journal of Theology and Ethics.
21. Musavi Bajnourdi, S. (2007). The Role of Good Faith in Contracts and Agreements in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law, Quarterly Journal of Law and Political Science Research. [In Persian]
22. Nouri, M.(1999). Principles of International Commercial Contracts of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, Ganj-e-Danesh Publications, First Edition. [In Persian]
23.Burton S.J.(2001) Principles of Contract Law, second edition by Paul Minn, West Group Publication.
24.Brownsword,R. (1990). Good faith in contract,Dartmouth Puplishing.
25.Farnsworth,A. (1995).Duties of Good faith and fair Dealing under the UNIDROIT principles,Relevant International Convention and National Laws, Tul.J.Int.Comp.L.
26. Farnsworth,A. (1999).Unaited States Contract Law, Publisher: Juris Publishing, Inc.,Revised edition.
27.Ferreyra,E. (1972) . principales Efectos de la contvatacion Civil,Articulo usado Buenos.
28.F.Gutierrez Falla,L. (2005). Good faith in commercial law and UNIDROIT principles of International commercial contract,penn state Interational Law review,vol 23.
29.Garner, B. (2009). et al, Black`s Law Dictionary, West Publication.
30.Juenger, F.K,(1995) Listening to Law Professors Talk About Good Faith: Some Afterthought, Tulane Law Review 1253.
31.J.Powers, P. (1999). Defining the Indefinable: Good Faith and the United Nations Convention on the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, Journal of Law and Commerce.
32.Houtte,H. (1994).the UNIDROIT principles of International commercial contract, International trad and Business Law,published by ICC publication.
33.Larenz,K. (1958). Derecho de Las Obligaciones,Law of obligation.
34.Messineo,F. (1952).Doctorina General Del Contrato,VoVume II, Buenos Aires, Ediciones Jurídicas Europa-América.
35.Nanni,La, Buona, F. (1989).the good faith contract, Cedam .
36.Tetley, W.(2004). Good Faith in Contract Particularly in The Contracts of Arbitration and Chartering, Mc Gill University.
37.Wieacker,F. (1986).EL Principio General de la Buena FE the General Princple of Good Faith,translated by Jose Luis Carro,R.D.C.O.
