جايگاه اصل حسن نيت در حقوق ايران و اصول قراردادهاي تجاري بين المللي(در مراحل مذاکرات،انعقاد،اجرا وتفسیر قراردادی)
الموضوعات :
نازیلا تقوی
1
(کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران.)
الکلمات المفتاحية: مفهوم حسن نیت, حقوق ایران, اصول قراردادهای بین المللی,
ملخص المقالة :
حسن نیت به عنوان یکی از اصول اخلاقی، در حقوق قراردادها جایگاهی بس شگرف یافته است در قانون ما جای یک ماده ی مستقلی برای رعایت حسن نیت خالی است. اما با جستجو در مواد قوانین مختلف به خصوص بیمه و استناد به آنها می توان، می توان قاعده ی کلی را از طریق استقرا در قوانین جهت رعایت حسن نیت وضع و اجرا کرد و طرفین قرارداد را ملزم به رعایت آن در تمام مراحل قرارداد اعم از مذاکرات قراردادی، انعقاد، اجرا و تفسیر نمود. در واقع مصادیق قانونی چون، خیارات، احکام بیان شده در زمینه ی اکراه و اضطرار، اصل غیر قابل استناد بودن ایرادات، معاملات تاجر ورشکسته بعد از تصدیق قبولی و ... را می توان نشان از پذیرش این اصل در حقوق ایران، قلمداد نمود. در مقابل ماده ی 1-7 اصول قراردادهای تجاری بین المللی مقرر داشته طرفین باید مطابق با حسن نیت و معامله ی منصفانه عمل نمایند. براین اساس ، اصل حسن نیت در کلیه مراحل قراردادی باید رعایت گردد.کارکرد این قاعده در جای جای این اصول مشاهده می شود.
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