مروری بر پیشرفت‌های اخیر غشاهای مورد استفاده برای نانوصافش (NF) در حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب
محورهای موضوعی : پليمرها و نانوفناوری
فرزاد مهرجو
1
,
محمدصابر باغخانی پور
2
,
امیر علم
3
1 - تهران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، مرکز پژوهش و فناوری علم و توسعه
2 - مركز پژوهش و فناوري
3 - تهران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، مرکز پژوهش و فناوری علم و توسعه
کلید واژه: غشاء, نانوصافش, فلزات سنگین, حذف, پساب,
چکیده مقاله :
وجود یون‌های فلزات سنگین در پساب های آلوده تهدیدی جدی برای سلامت انسان بوده و دفع صحیح آن ها از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. استفاده از غشاهای نانوصافش (Nanofiltration) به دلیل عملکرد کارآمد، طراحی سازگار و مقرون به صرفه بودن، به عنوان یکی از مؤثرترین روش‌های حذف یون فلزات سنگین از پساب مطرح شده است. غشاهای نانوصافش (NF) ایجادشده از مواد پیشرفته به دلیل توانایی آن ها در آلودگی پساب در شرایط مختلف به طور فزاینده ای محبوب شده اند. ثابت شده است که ویژگی‌های غشای نانوصافش (NF) برای حذف کارآمد یون‌های فلزات سنگین از پساب، روش‌های پلیمرشدن سطحی و پیوند، همراه با افزودن پرکننده‌های نانو، مؤثرترین روش‌های اصلاح هستند. این پژوهش مروری بر فرایندهای اصلاح و عملکرد غشای نانوصافش (NF) برای حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب و همچنین بررسی کاربرد این غشاها برای تصفیه پساب یون فلزات سنگین است. بازده تصفیه بسیار بالا، مانند 90/99 %، با استفاده از غشاهای متشکل از پلی وینیل‌آمین (Polyvinyl Amine) و گلوتارآلدئید (Glutaraldehyde) برای حذف کروم سه ظرفیتی از پساب به دست آمده است. با این حال، غشاهای نانوصافش (NF) دارای معایب خاصی از جمله رسوب غشا هستند که تمیز کردن مکرر غشا بر طول عمر آن تأثیر می گذارد.
The presence of heavy metal ions in polluted wastewater represents a serious threat to human health, making proper disposal extremely important. The utilization of nanofiltration (NF) membranes has emerged as one of the most effective methods of heavy metal ion removal from wastewater due to their efficient operation, adaptable design, and affordability. NF membranes created from advanced materials are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to depollute wastewater in a variety of circumstances. Tailoring the NF membrane’s properties to efficiently remove heavy metal ions from wastewater, interfacial polymerization, and grafting techniques, along with the addition of nano-fillers, have proven to be the most effective modification methods. This paper presents a review of the modification processes and NF membrane performances for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, as well as the application of these membranes for heavy metal ion wastewater treatment. Very high treatment efficiencies, such as 99.90%, have been achieved using membranes composed of polyvinyl amine (PVAM) and glutaraldehyde (GA) for Cr3+ removal from wastewater. However, nanofiltration membranes have certain drawbacks, such as fouling of the NF However, nanofiltration membranes have certain drawbacks, such as fouling of the NF membrane. Repeated cleaning of the membrane influences its lifetime. membrane. Repeated cleaning of the membrane influences its lifetime.
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