مروری بر پیشرفت‌های اخیر غشاهای مورد استفاده برای نانوصافش (NF) در حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب
الموضوعات :
فرزاد مهرجو
1
(تهران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، مرکز پژوهش و فناوری علم و توسعه)
محمدصابر باغخانی پور
2
(مركز پژوهش و فناوري)
امیر علم
3
(تهران، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، مرکز پژوهش و فناوری علم و توسعه)
الکلمات المفتاحية: غشاء, نانوصافش, فلزات سنگین, حذف, پساب,
ملخص المقالة :
وجود یون‌های فلزات سنگین در پساب های آلوده تهدیدی جدی برای سلامت انسان بوده و دفع صحیح آن ها از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. استفاده از غشاهای نانوصافش (Nanofiltration) به دلیل عملکرد کارآمد، طراحی سازگار و مقرون به صرفه بودن، به عنوان یکی از مؤثرترین روش‌های حذف یون فلزات سنگین از پساب مطرح شده است. غشاهای نانوصافش (NF) ایجادشده از مواد پیشرفته به دلیل توانایی آن ها در آلودگی پساب در شرایط مختلف به طور فزاینده ای محبوب شده اند. ثابت شده است که ویژگی‌های غشای نانوصافش (NF) برای حذف کارآمد یون‌های فلزات سنگین از پساب، روش‌های پلیمرشدن سطحی و پیوند، همراه با افزودن پرکننده‌های نانو، مؤثرترین روش‌های اصلاح هستند. این پژوهش مروری بر فرایندهای اصلاح و عملکرد غشای نانوصافش (NF) برای حذف فلزات سنگین از پساب و همچنین بررسی کاربرد این غشاها برای تصفیه پساب یون فلزات سنگین است. بازده تصفیه بسیار بالا، مانند 90/99 %، با استفاده از غشاهای متشکل از پلی وینیل‌آمین (Polyvinyl Amine) و گلوتارآلدئید (Glutaraldehyde) برای حذف کروم سه ظرفیتی از پساب به دست آمده است. با این حال، غشاهای نانوصافش (NF) دارای معایب خاصی از جمله رسوب غشا هستند که تمیز کردن مکرر غشا بر طول عمر آن تأثیر می گذارد.
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